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Original Article
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Clinicopathological and molecular mechanisms of CLDN18.2 in gastric cancer aggressiveness: a high-risk population study with multi-omics profiling
Hengquan Wu, Mei Li, Gang Wang, Peiqing Liao, Peng Zhang, Luxi Yang, Yumin Li, Tao Liu, Wenting He
J Pathol Transl Med. 2026;60(1):47-57.   Published online January 5, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2025.09.11
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
The tight junction protein claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) has been implicated in poor prognosis and suboptimal immunotherapy response in gastric cancer (GC). This study investigates the clinicopathological relevance of CLDN18.2 expression and its association with molecular subtypes in GC patients from a high-incidence region, combining transcriptomic and proteomic approaches to explore how CLDN18.2 contributes to progression and metastasis.
Methods
A retrospective cohort of 494 GC patients (2019–2024) underwent immunohistochemical analysis for CLDN18.2, Epstein-Barr virus (Epstein–Barr virus–encoded RNA), p53, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, and MSH6). CLDN18.2 positivity was defined as moderate to strong (2+/3+) membranous staining in ≥75% of tumor cells. Clinicopathological correlations, biomarker associations, and survival outcomes were evaluated. Transcriptomic and proteomic sequencing was performed to explore molecular mechanisms.
Results
CLDN18.2 positivity was observed in 26.9% (133/494) of gastric adenocarcinomas. CLDN18.2-positive tumors correlated with TNM stage (p = .003) and shorter overall survival (p = .018). No associations were identified with age, sex, HER2 status, microsatellite instability, or Epstein-Barr virus infection. Transcriptomic profiling revealed CLDN18.2-high tumors enriched in pathways involving cell junction disruption, signaling regulation, and immune modulation. Proteomic profiling showed that tumors with high CLDN18.2 were enriched in multiple mechanism-related pathways such as integrated metabolic reprogramming, cytoskeletal recombination, immune microenvironment dysregulation, and pro-survival signaling. These mechanisms may collectively contribute to tumor progression and metastasis.
Conclusions
CLDN18.2 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in GC patients. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses demonstrate that CLDN18.2 promotes tumor progression and metastasis, underscoring its potential as an independent prognostic factor in regions with a high incidence of GC.
Review Article
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Central nervous system tumors with BCOR internal tandem duplications: a systematic review of clinical, radiological, and pathological features in 69 cases
Ji Young Lee, Sung Sun Kim, Hee Jo Baek, Tae-Young Jung, Kyung-Sub Moon, Jae-Hyuk Lee, Kyung-Hwa Lee
J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(5):273-280.   Published online September 1, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2025.07.23
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Central nervous system tumors with BCL6 corepressor (BCOR) internal tandem duplications (ITDs) constitute a rare, recently characterized pediatric neoplasm with distinct molecular and histopathological features. To date, 69 cases have been documented in the literature, including our institutional case. These neoplasms predominantly occur in young children, with the cerebellum representing the most frequent anatomical location. Radiologically, these tumors present as large, well-circumscribed masses frequently demonstrating necrosis, hemorrhage, and heterogeneous enhancement. Histologically, they are characterized by a monomorphic cellular population featuring ependymoma-like perivascular pseudorosettes, myxoid stroma, and elevated mitotic activity. Immunohistochemically, these tumors exhibit sparse glial fibrillary acidic protein expression while consistently demonstrating positive staining for vimentin and CD56. The defining molecular hallmark is a heterozygous ITD within exon 15 of the BCOR gene, with insertions ranging from 9 to 42 amino acids in length. BCOR immunohistochemistry reveals nuclear positivity in 97.9% of examined cases, although this finding is not pathognomonic for BCOR ITDs. This comprehensive review synthesizes data from all published cases of this novel tumor entity, providing a detailed analysis of clinical presentation, neuroimaging findings, histopathological features with differential diagnostic considerations, therapeutic approaches, and prognostic outcomes.
Original Articles
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Characteristics of RET gene mutations in Vietnamese medullary thyroid carcinoma patients: a single-center analysis
Van Hung Pham, Quoc Thang Pham, Minh Nguyen, Hoa Nhat Ngo, Thao Thi Thu Luu, Nha Dao Thi Minh, Trâm Đặng, Anh Tu Thai, Hoang Anh Vu, Dat Quoc Ngo
J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(2):125-132.   Published online March 14, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2025.01.18
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
The RET gene point mutation is the main molecular alteration involved in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) tumorigenesis. Previous studies in Vietnam mainly consisted of case reports, with limited data on larger sample sizes. In this study, we investigated RET gene mutations in exons 10, 11, and 16 and analyzed clinicopathological features of a series of Vietnamese MTC patients. Methods: We collected 33 tissue samples from patients with MTC and analyzed RET mutations using the Sanger sequencing method. The relationship between hotspot RET mutations (exons 10, 11, 16) and clinicopathological features were investigated. Results: Among the 33 analyzed cases, 17 tumors (52%) harbored RET mutations in exon 10, 11, or 16. A total of 10 distinct genetic alterations were identified, including eight missense mutations and two short indels. Of these, seven were classified as pathogenic mutations based on previous publications, with p.M918T being the most frequent (4 cases), followed by p.C634R (3 cases) and p.C618R (3 cases). Mutations were significantly associated with specific histological patterns, such as the nested/insular pattern (p=.026), giant cells (p=.007), nuclear pleomorphism (p=.018), stippled chromatin (p=.044), and amyloid deposits (p=.024). No mutations were found in germline analyses, suggesting these were somatic alterations. Conclusions: Our results provided the first comprehensive analysis of RET mutations in Vietnamese MTC patients. The most frequent mutation was p.M918T, followed by p.C634R and p.C618R. Mutations in these three exons were linked to specific histopathological features. Information on mutational profiles of patients with MTC will further aid in the development of targeted therapeutics to ensure effective disease management.
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Histopathologic classification and immunohistochemical features of papillary renal neoplasm with potential therapeutic targets
Jeong Hwan Park, Su-Jin Shin, Hyun-Jung Kim, Sohee Oh, Yong Mee Cho
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(6):321-330.   Published online September 12, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.07.31
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the second most common histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma and is considered a morphologically and molecularly heterogeneous tumor. Accurate classification and assessment of the immunohistochemical features of possible therapeutic targets are needed for precise patient care. We aimed to evaluate immunohistochemical features and possible therapeutic targets of papillary renal neoplasms
Methods
We collected 140 papillary renal neoplasms from three different hospitals and conducted immunohistochemical studies on tissue microarray slides. We performed succinate dehydrogenase B, fumarate hydratase, and transcription factor E3 immunohistochemical studies for differential diagnosis and re-classified five cases (3.6%) of papillary renal neoplasms. In addition, we conducted c-MET, p16, c-Myc, Ki-67, p53, and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) immunohistochemical studies to evaluate their pathogenesis and value for therapeutic targets.
Results
We found that c-MET expression was more common in pRCC (classic) (p = .021) among papillary renal neoplasms and Ki-67 proliferation index was higher in pRCC (not otherwise specified, NOS) compared to that of pRCC (classic) and papillary neoplasm with reverse polarity (marginal significance, p = .080). Small subsets of cases with p16 block positivity (4.5%) (pRCC [NOS] only) and c-Myc expression (7.1%) (pRCC [classic] only) were found. Also, there were some cases showing STING expression and those cases were associated with increased Ki-67 proliferation index (marginal significance, p = .063).
Conclusions
Our findings suggested that there are subsets of pRCC with c-MET, p16, c-MYC, and STING expression and those cases could be potential candidates for targeted therapy.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Tissue-Based Biomarkers Important for Prognostication and Management of Genitourinary Tumors, Including Surrogate Markers of Genomic Alterations
    Leonie Beauchamp, Shreeya Indulkar, Eric Erak, Mohammad Salimian, Andres Matoso
    Surgical Pathology Clinics.2025; 18(1): 175.     CrossRef
  • Papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity: a case report and literature review
    Diego Gonzalez, Kris Kokoneshi, Sam Kwon, Ryan Thomas Mathews, Ryan Michael Antar, Maher Ali, Abiye Kassa, Michael Whalen
    Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Case Study
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Rhabdomyosarcoma of the skull with EWSR1 fusion and ALK and cytokeratin expression: a case report
Hyeong Rok An, Kyung-Ja Cho, Sang Woo Song, Ji Eun Park, Joon Seon Song
J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(5):255-260.   Published online September 5, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.08.15
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  • 1 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) comprises of heterogeneous group of neoplasms that occasionally express epithelial markers on immunohistochemistry (IHC). We herein report the case of a patient who developed RMS of the skull with EWSR1 fusion and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and cytokeratin expression as cytomorphologic features. A 40-year-old man presented with a mass in his forehead. Surgical resection was performed, during which intraoperative frozen specimens were obtained. Squash cytology showed scattered or clustered spindle and epithelioid cells. IHC revealed that the resected tumor cells were positive for desmin, MyoD1, cytokeratin AE1/ AE3, and ALK. Although EWSR1 rearrangement was identified on fluorescence in situ hybridization, ALK, and TFCP2 rearrangement were not noted. Despite providing adjuvant chemoradiation therapy, the patient died of tumor progression 10 months after diagnosis. We emphasize that a subset of RMS can express cytokeratin and show characteristic histomorphology, implying the need for specific molecular examination.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Rhabdomyosarcomas of Bone
    Ahmed Shah, Andrew L. Folpe
    Surgical Pathology Clinics.2025; 18(3): 503.     CrossRef
  • Review of imaging modalities and radiological findings of calvarial lesions
    Erkan Gökçe, Murat Beyhan
    World Journal of Radiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Molecular Morphology of Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma Associated With Сystic Content: A Case Report
    David Makaridze, Armaz Mariamidze, Tamuna Gvianishvili, Giulia Ottaviani , Liana Gogiashvili
    Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Original Article
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Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) in the differential diagnosis of osteogenic and non-osteogenic bone and soft tissue tumors
Sharon Milton, Anne Jennifer Prabhu, V. T. K. Titus, Rikki John, Selvamani Backianathan, Vrisha Madhuri
J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(5):270-280.   Published online September 13, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.07.11
  • 7,029 View
  • 133 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
The diagnosis of osteosarcoma (OSA) depends on clinicopathological and radiological correlation. A biopsy is considered the gold standard for OSA diagnosis. However, since OSA is a great histological mimicker, diagnostic challenges exist. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) can serve as an adjunct for the histological diagnosis of OSA. Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) was recently described as a reliable adjunct immunohistochemical marker for the diagnosis of OSA.
Methods
We investigated the IHC expression of SATB2 in 95 OSA and 100 non-osteogenic bone and soft tissue tumors using a monoclonal antibody (clone EPNCIR30A). The diagnostic utility of SATB2 and correlation with clinicopathological parameters were analyzed.
Results
SATB2 IHC was positive in 88 out of 95 cases (92.6%) of OSA and 50 out of 100 cases (50.0%) of primary non-osteogenic bone and soft tissue tumors. Of the 59 bone tumors, 37 cases (62.7%) were positive for SATB2, and of the 41 soft tissue tumors, 13 cases (31.7%) were positive for SATB2. The sensitivity of SATB2 as a diagnostic test was 92.6%, specificity 50%, positive predictive value 63.8%, and negative predictive value 87.7%.
Conclusions
Although SATB2 is a useful diagnostic marker for OSA, other clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features should be considered for the interpretation of SATB2.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The diagnostic utility of SATB2 immunohistochemistry as an adjunct for differentiating osteogenic from non-osteogenic bone tumors: A systematic review and Meta-analysis
    Yuchen Lou, Xuan Liu, Chenxiao Ma, Xin Liu
    Bone.2026; 203: 117721.     CrossRef
  • Immunohistochemical Characterization of Feline Giant Cell Tumor of Bone (GCTb): What We Know and What We Can Learn from the Human Counterpart
    Ilaria Porcellato, Giuseppe Giglia, Leonardo Leonardi
    Animals.2025; 15(5): 699.     CrossRef
  • Epigallocatechin gallate impels osteogenic differentiation of human BMSCs by targeting the METTL3/SATB2/Wnt/β-catenin axis
    Qiao Ren, Kang Chen, Lin Wang
    Letters in Drug Design & Discovery.2025; 22(3): 100027.     CrossRef
  • A case of cardiac undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma treated with post-operative radiotherapy followed by heart transplantation
    Sungyeon Jung, Eun Na Kim, Hye In Lee, Hak Jae Kim, Jiwon Koh
    Cardiovascular Pathology.2025; 79: 107760.     CrossRef
  • Osteoblastic Osteosarcoma With Diverse Histomorphology: Diagnostic Insights From SATB2 and CD56 Immunoexpression
    Padmaraj Hegde, Reshma Amin, Vijith Vittal Shetty, Pushparaja Shetty
    Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU.2025; 0: 1.     CrossRef
  • High-throughput 3D engineered paediatric tumour models for precision medicine
    MoonSun Jung, Valentina Poltavets, Joanna N Skhinas, Gabor Tax, Alvin Kamili, Jinhan Xie, Sarah Ghamrawi, Philipp Graber, Jie Mao, Marie Wong-Erasmus, Louise Cui, Kathleen Kimpton, Pooja Venkat, Chelsea Mayoh, Angela Lin, Emmy D G Fleuren, Ashleigh M Ford
    Molecular Systems Biology.2025; 21(12): 1748.     CrossRef
  • SATB2 immunohistochemistry in osteosarcoma: Utility in diagnosis and differentiation from histologic mimics
    Supriya Gangula, Monalisa Hui, Shantveer G. Uppin, B Arvind Kumar, K Nageshwara Rao, B Rajeev Reddy, G Sadashivudu
    Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology.2025; 68(3): 518.     CrossRef
  • Early-onset metastatic fibroblastic osteosarcoma of the metatarsus in a young cat: a case report
    Mojtaba Kiakojoori, Hossein Kazemi Mehrjerdi, Ali Mirshahi, Mahdieh Zaeemi, Mohsen Maleki
    BMC Veterinary Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Favorable treatment response to high‐grade sarcoma in neurofibromatosis 1
    Michelle H. Talukder, Mauli M. Patel, Tala Al‐Saghir, Ghadir K. Katato, Janet Poulik, William J. Powell, Alysia K. Kemp, Steven Miller, Danielle Bell, Jeffrey W. Taub
    Pediatric Blood & Cancer.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Case Study
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Colorectal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation: diagnostic challenges of a rare case encountered in clinical practice
Evi Abada, Ifeoma C. Anaya, Othuke Abada, Anthony Lebbos, Rafic Beydoun
J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(2):97-102.   Published online January 21, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.10.28
  • 8,021 View
  • 206 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Colorectal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation (CAED) is a rare subtype of colonic adenocarcinoma characterized by increased α-fetoprotein (AFP) production and the expression of at least one enteroblastic marker including AFP, glypican 3 (GPC3), or Spalt like transcription factor 4 (SALL4). We report a case of a 26-year-old female who presented with low back pain and constipation which persisted despite supportive measures. Imaging revealed multiple liver lesions and enlarged retroperitoneal nodes. Tumor markers including AFP were markedly elevated. On biopsy, samples from the liver revealed infiltrating glands lined by columnar-type epithelium with mostly eosinophilic granular to focally clear cytoplasm. By immunohistochemistry, the tumor showed immunoreactivity with AFP, hepatocyte antigen, GPC3, SALL4, CDX2, SATB2, and cytokeratin 20. A colonoscopy performed subsequently revealed a mass in the sigmoid colon and biopsy of this mass revealed a similar histology as that seen in the liver. A diagnosis of CAED was made, following the results of gene expression profiling by the tumor with next-generation sequencing which identified pathogenic variants in MUTYH, TP53, and KDM6A genes and therefore supported its colonic origin. Cases such as this underscores the use of ancillary diagnostic techniques in arriving at the correct diagnosis in lesions with overlapping clinicopathologic characteristics.

Citations

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  • Exploring the Multifunctional Role of Alpha-Fetoprotein in Cancer Progression: Implications for Targeted Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Beyond
    Hyunjung Kim, Minji Jang, Eunmi Kim
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(10): 4863.     CrossRef
  • Rectal adenocarcinoma with a yolk sac tumor component: A rare case report and review of the literature
    Sato Nishida, Tomohiro Takeda, Tatsuya Shonaka, Shoichiro Mizukami, Masahide Otani, Mizuho Ohara, Chikayoshi Tani, Kimiharu Hasegawa, Yuki Kamikokura, Mishie Tanino, Hideki Yokoo
    International Cancer Conference Journal.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • SALL4 in gastrointestinal tract cancers: upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms
    Tairan Wang, Yan Jin, Mengyao Wang, Boya Chen, Jinyu Sun, Jiaying Zhang, Hui Yang, Xinyao Deng, Xingyue Cao, Lidong Wang, Yuanyuan Tang
    Molecular Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation in a 67-year-old man in Korea: a case report
    Hae Rin Lee, Gwang Ha Kim, Dong Chan Joo, Moon Won Lee, Bong Eun Lee, Kyung Bin Kim
    The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Colorectal adenocarcinoma with clear cell changes: immunohistological and molecular findings in three cases
    Andreas Gocht, Carsten Heidel, Jutta Kirfel, Rita Vesce, Pamela Lazar-Karsten, Helen Pasternack, Madelaine Melzer, Phillip Hildebrand, Nicole Warkentin, Hendrik Schimmelpenning, Verena-Wilbeth Sailer
    Virchows Archiv.2024; 485(3): 569.     CrossRef
  • Ureteral Metastasis of Colonic Adenocarcinoma with Enteroblastic Differentiation: A Rare Case to be Distinguished from Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Urinary Tract
    Hiroshi Minato, Akane Yoshikawa, Sho Tsuyama, Kazuyoshi Katayanagi, Kengo Hayashi, Yusuke Sakimura, Hiroyuki Bando, Tomohiro Hori, Yosuke Kito
    International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2023; 31(8): 1553.     CrossRef
  • Beyond liver cancer, more application scenarios for alpha-fetoprotein in clinical practice
    Chenyu Ma, Yuexinzi Jin, Yuhan Wang, Huaguo Xu, Jiexin Zhang
    Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • AIEgens assisted label free DNA supersandwich immunoassay for ultrasensitive α-fetoprotein detection
    Xiaowen Ou, Jingman Dai, Yiting Huang, Xiaoqin Xiong, Zhi Zheng, Xiaoding Lou, Fan Xia
    Giant.2022; 11: 100110.     CrossRef
  • Rectal carcinoma with dual differentiation toward enteroblastic and neuroendocrine features arising in a patient with ulcerative colitis: a case report
    Takako Kihara, Ryuichi Kuwahara, Kurando Kusunoki, Tomohiro Minagawa, Yuki Horio, Motoi Uchino, Hiroki Ikeuchi, Seiichi Hirota
    World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
Original Article
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SMARCA4/BRG1 protein-deficient thoracic tumors dictate re-examination of small biopsy reporting in non–small cell lung cancer
Anurag Mehta, Divya Bansal, Rupal Tripathi, Ankush Jajodia
J Pathol Transl Med. 2021;55(5):307-316.   Published online June 21, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.05.11
  • 11,483 View
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  • 12 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
SMARCA4/BRG1 protein–deficient lung adenocarcinomas and thoracic sarcoma are recently described entities that lack distinctive histological features, transcription termination factor 1 (TTF1) reactivity, and actionable driver mutations. The current diagnostic path for small lung biopsies as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2015) is likely to categorize these as non– small cell carcinoma–not otherwise specified (NSCC-NOS). The present study attempts to define the subtle but distinctive clinicopathologic features of SMARCA4/BRG1 protein-deficient thoracic tumors; highlight their unique biology; and addresses the unmet need to segregate these using a new, tissue-proficient diagnostic pathway.
Methods
All lung biopsies and those from metastatic sites in patients with suspected advanced lung cancer and classified as NSCC-NOS as per WHO (2015) guidelines were subjected to BRG1 testing by immunohistochemistry. SMARCA4/BRG1 protein–deficient thoracic tumors were evaluated by an extended immunohistochemistry panel. Predictive biomarker and programmed death–ligand 1 testing was conducted in all cases.
Results
Of 110 cases, nine were found to be SMARCA4/BRG1 protein-deficient; six were identified as SMARCA4/BRG1 protein–deficient lung adenocarcinomas, and three were SMARCA4/BRG1 protein-deficient thoracic sarcomas. The histology ranged from poorly differentiated to undifferentiated to rhabdoid. None of the cases showed significant expression of TTF1 or p40, and no actionable mutation was identified.
Conclusions
It is difficult to separate BRG1-deficient lung adenocarcinomas and thoracic sarcomas based on morphology alone. We propose a diagnostic pathway for small biopsies of thoracic tumors to segregate these distinct entities so that they can be studied more efficaciously for new biomarkers and therapeutic options.

Citations

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  • Unravelling switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI-SNF) complex-deficient thoracic tumours: a clinicopathological comparative on undifferentiated tumours and non-small cell lung carcinomas with BRG1 and BRM deficiency
    Ridhi Sood, Arshi Tandon, Warisa Khatoon, Jayashimman Vasanthraman, Aruna Nambirajan, Anant Mohan, Prabhat Singh Malik, Deepali Jain
    Journal of Clinical Pathology.2025; 78(6): 370.     CrossRef
  • Clinicopathologic and genomic analyses of SMARCA4-mutated non-small cell lung carcinoma implicate the needs for tailored treatment strategies
    Bokyung Ahn, Deokhoon Kim, Wonjun Ji, Sung-Min Chun, Goeun Lee, Se Jin Jang, Hee Sang Hwang
    Lung Cancer.2025; 201: 108445.     CrossRef
  • SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung cancer with metastasis to the sigmoid colon: a case report
    Rong Xiao, Guang Fu, Xinglan Li, Tao Lu
    World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clinicopathological and molecular perspectives on thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumors and SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung carcinomas
    Sumanta Das, Pallavi Mishra, Sunita Ahlawat
    Pathologica.2025; 117(5): 455.     CrossRef
  • Case report: The first account of undifferentiated sarcoma with epithelioid features originating in the pleura
    Ling-Xi Xiao, Li Liu, Wang Deng
    Frontiers in Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • SMARCA4-deficient central nervous system metastases: A case series and systematic review
    Meaghan Morris, Kerime Ararat, Hannah Cutshall, Murat Gokden, Analiz Rodriguez, Lisa Rooper, Matthew Lindberg, James Stephen Nix
    Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology.2024; 83(8): 638.     CrossRef
  • Chemotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in a Case of SMARCA4-dUT: A Case Report and Review of Literature
    Akriti Pokhrel, Ruchi Yadav, Kapil Kumar Manvar, Richard Wu, Vijay Jaswani, Carrie Brooke Wasserman, Jen C. Wang
    Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • TTF1-positive SMARCA4/BRG1 deficient lung adenocarcinoma
    Anurag Mehta, Himanshi Diwan, Divya Bansal, Manoj Gupta
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2022; 56(1): 53.     CrossRef
  • Delineation of a SMARCA4-specific competing endogenous RNA network and its function in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Lei Zhang, Ting Sun, Xiao-Ye Wu, Fa-Ming Fei, Zhen-Zhen Gao
    World Journal of Clinical Cases.2022; 10(29): 10501.     CrossRef
  • Artificial intelligence platform, RADR®, aids in the discovery of DNA damaging agent for the ultra-rare cancer Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumors
    Joseph McDermott, Drew Sturtevant, Umesh Kathad, Sudhir Varma, Jianli Zhou, Aditya Kulkarni, Neha Biyani, Caleb Schimke, William C. Reinhold, Fathi Elloumi, Peter Carr, Yves Pommier, Kishor Bhatia
    Frontiers in Drug Discovery.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
Case Study
Hepatoid thymic carcinoma: a case report of a rare subtype of thymic carcinoma
Ji-Seon Jeong, Hyo Jeong Kang, Uiree Jo, Min Jeong Song, Soon Yeol Nam, Joon Seon Song
J Pathol Transl Med. 2021;55(3):230-234.   Published online April 14, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.03.10
  • 5,341 View
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  • 4 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Hepatoid thymic carcinoma is an extremely rare subtype of primary thymus tumor resembling “pure” hepatoid adenocarcinomas with hepatocyte paraffin 1 (Hep-Par-1) expression. A 53-year-old man presented with voice change and a neck mass. Multiple masses involving the thyroid, cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes, and lung were detected on computed tomography. Papillary thyroid carcinoma was confirmed by biopsy, and the patient underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. However, the anterior mediastinal mass was enlarged after the treatment whereas the multiple masses in the thyroid and neck decreased in size. Microscopically, polygonal tumor cells formed solid sheets or trabeculae resembling hepatocytes and infiltrated remnant thymus. The tumor cells showed immunopositivity for cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 19, and Hep-Par-1 and negativity for α-fetoprotein. Possibilities of germ cell tumor, squamous cell carcinoma, and metastasis of thyroid papillary carcinoma were excluded by immunohistochemistry. This report on the new subtype of thymic carcinoma is the third in English literature thus far.

Citations

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  • Hepatoid thymic carcinoma in a polycythemia vera patient treated with ropeginterferon Alfa-2b: Clinical, histopathological and molecular correlates
    Giuseppe G. Loscocco, Margherita Vannucchi, Raffaella Santi, Andrea Amorosi, Stefania Scarpino, Maria Chiara Siciliano, Paola Guglielmelli, Claudio Tripodo, Arianna Di Napoli, Alessandro M. Vannucchi
    Pathology - Research and Practice.2024; 263: 155648.     CrossRef
  • Hepatoid tumors of the gastrointestinal/pancreatobiliary district: morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular profiles
    Paola Mattiolo, Aldo Scarpa, Claudio Luchini
    Human Pathology.2023; 132: 169.     CrossRef
Original Articles
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Gene variant profiles and tumor metabolic activity as measured by FOXM1 expression and glucose uptake in lung adenocarcinoma
Ashley Goodman, Waqas Mahmud, Lela Buckingham
J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(3):237-245.   Published online March 4, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.02.08
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  • 120 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Cancer cells displaying aberrant metabolism switch energy production from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. Measure of glucose standardized uptake value (SUV) by positron emission tomography (PET), used for staging of adenocarcinoma in high-risk patients, can reflect cellular use of the glycolysis pathway. The transcription factor, FOXM1 plays a role in regulation of glycolytic genes. Cancer cell transformation is driven by mutations in tumor suppressor genes such as TP53 and STK11 and oncogenes such as KRAS and EGFR. In this study, SUV and FOXM1 gene expression were compared in the background of selected cancer gene mutations.
Methods
Archival tumor tissue from cases of lung adenocarcinoma were analyzed. SUV was collected from patient records. FOXM1 gene expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Gene mutations were detected by allele-specific PCR and gene sequencing.
Results
SUV and FOXM1 gene expression patterns differed in the presence of single and coexisting gene mutations. Gene mutations affected SUV and FOXM1 differently. EGFR mutations were found in tumors with lower FOXM1 expression but did not affect SUV. Tumors with TP53 mutations had increased SUV (p = .029). FOXM1 expression was significantly higher in tumors with STK11 mutations alone (p < .001) and in combination with KRAS or TP53 mutations (p < .001 and p = .002, respectively).
Conclusions
Cancer gene mutations may affect tumor metabolic activity. These observations support consideration of tumor cell metabolic state in the presence of gene mutations for optimal prognosis and treatment strategy.

Citations

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  • Prognostic value of combining clinical factors, 18F-FDG PET-based intensity, volumetric features, and deep learning predictor in patients with EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma undergoing targeted therapies: a cross-scanner and temporal validation study
    Kun-Han Lue, Yu-Hung Chen, Sung-Chao Chu, Chih-Bin Lin, Tso-Fu Wang, Shu-Hsin Liu
    Annals of Nuclear Medicine.2024; 38(8): 647.     CrossRef
PLAG1, SOX10, and Myb Expression in Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasms
Ji Hyun Lee, Hye Ju Kang, Chong Woo Yoo, Weon Seo Park, Jun Sun Ryu, Yuh-Seog Jung, Sung Weon Choi, Joo Yong Park, Nayoung Han
J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(1):23-30.   Published online November 14, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.10.12
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  • 27 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Recent findings in molecular pathology suggest that genetic translocation and/oroverexpression of oncoproteins is important in salivary gland tumorigenesis and diagnosis. Weinvestigated PLAG1, SOX10, and Myb protein expression in various salivary gland neoplasm tissues.
Methods
A total of 113 cases of surgically resected salivary gland neoplasms at the NationalCancer Center from January 2007 to March 2017 were identified. Immunohistochemical stainingof PLAG1, SOX10, and Myb in tissue samples was performed using tissue microarrays.
Results
Among the 113 cases, 82 (72.6%) were benign and 31 (27.4%) were malignant. PLAG1 showednuclear staining and normal parotid gland was not stained. Among 48 cases of pleomorphicadenoma, 29 (60.4%) were positive for PLAG1. All other benign and malignant salivary glandneoplasms were PLAG1-negative. SOX10 showed nuclear staining. In normal salivary gland tissuesSOX10 was expressed in cells of acinus and intercalated ducts. In benign tumors, SOX10 expressionwas observed in all pleomorphic adenoma (48/48), and basal cell adenoma (3/3), but not inother benign tumors. SOX10 positivity was observed in nine of 31 (29.0%) malignant tumors.Myb showed nuclear staining but was not detected in normal parotid glands. Four of 31 (12.9%)malignant tumors showed Myb positivity: three adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCC) and onemyoepithelial carcinoma with focal AdCC-like histology.
Conclusions
PLAG1 expression is specificto pleomorphic adenoma. SOX10 expression is helpful to rule out excretory duct origin tumor,but its diagnostic value is relatively low. Myb is useful for diagnosing AdCC when histology isunclear in the surgical specimen.

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Significance of Intratumoral Fibrosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Jae Won Joung, Hoon Kyu Oh, Sun Jae Lee, Young Ah Kim, Hyun Jin Jung
J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(5):323-330.   Published online August 19, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.07.21
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Intratumoral fibrosis (ITF) is a frequent histologic finding in solid organ tumors. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a highly vascularized tumor with different shapes and degrees of ITF and inflammation. ITF is a poor prognostic factor, especially in breast cancer, and is related to intratumoral necrosis (ITN) and intratumoral inflammation (ITI). However, the significance of ITF in RCC has not been fully studied. In this study, we evaluate the relationships between ITF and other clinicopathologic parameters associated with RCC prognosis.
Methods
ITF was evaluated in 204 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) specimens according to presence and grade of fibrosis, degree of ITI, and presence of ITN. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) expression in tumor cells was also evaluated with clinicopathologic parameters.
Results
Among 204 CCRCC cases, 167 (81.7%) showed ITF, 71 (34.8%) showed ITI, 35 (17.2%) showed ITN, and 111 (54.4%) showed LOX expression. ITF correlated with Fuhrman nuclear grade (p = .046), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (p = .027), and ITN (p = .036). Patients with ITF had a poor five-year overall survival rate (p = .104).
Conclusions
ITF is related to other poor prognostic factors in CCRCC, such as Fuhrman nuclear grade, ITN, and LVI, but ITF itself had no significant correlation with prognosis of CCRCC.

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Interleukin-31, Interleukin-31RA, and OSMR Expression Levels in Post-burn Hypertrophic Scars
Mi Young Lee, Eun Shin, Hyunchul Kim, In Suk Kwak, Younghee Choi
J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(5):307-313.   Published online August 16, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.08.03
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Although several studies have shown the role of interleukin-31 (IL-31) and its receptors in inducing pruritus in certain skin disorders, knowledge of its role in post-burn hypertrophic scars is insufficient. Therefore, the histopathological expression levels of IL-31, IL-31 receptor alpha (IL-31RA), and oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) in post-burn hypertrophic scar tissues were investigated and compared with normal tissue expression levels.
Methods
Samples of hypertrophic scar tissue were obtained from 20 burn patients through punch biopsy. Normal samples were obtained from areas adjacent to the burn injury site of the same patients. Samples were placed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraplast, and processed into serial 5-μm sections. Immunohistochemistry results were semi-quantitatively evaluated for IL-31, IL-31RA, and OSMR. By hematoxylin and eosin staining, epidermal and dermal thickness were assessed with a microscope and digital camera. Intensities were rated on a scale of 1 to 4.
Results
Percentages for IL-31, IL-31RA, and OSMR in the epidermal basal layer cell cytoplasm were significantly greater in the burn scar tissue compared to normal skin, as well as the dermal and epidermal thickness (p < .05). There was a significant difference in IL-31 epidermal basal layer intensity in burn scar tissue compared to normal skin (p < .05). Besides the OSMR basal layer intensity, IL-31 and IL-31RA intensities between the burn scar and normal tissues were not significant. However, correlations were significant, indicating that the greater the infiltration percentage, the higher the intensity (p < .05).
Conclusions
IL-31, IL-31RA, and OSMR expression levels are increased in hypertrophic scars compared with normal tissue.

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Case Study
Abrupt Dyskeratotic and Squamoid Cells in Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma: Case Study of Two Thoracic NUT Midline Carcinomas with Cytohistologic Correlation
Taebum Lee, Sangjoon Choi, Joungho Han, Yoon-La Choi, Kyungjong Lee
J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(5):349-353.   Published online July 27, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.07.16
  • 9,945 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Cytologic diagnosis of nuclear protein in testis (NUT) midline carcinoma (NMC) is important due to its aggressive behavior and miserable prognosis. Early diagnosis of NMC can facilitate proper management, and here we report two rare cases of thoracic NMC with cytohistologic correlation. In aspiration cytology, the tumor presented with mixed cohesive clusters and dispersed single cells, diffuse background necrosis and many neutrophils. Most of the tumor cells had scanty cytoplasm and medium-sized irregular nuclei, which had fine to granular nuclear chromatin. Interestingly, a few dyskeratotic cells or squamoid cell clusters were present in each case. Biopsy specimen histology revealed more frequent squamous differentiation, and additional immunohistochemistry tests showed nuclear expression of NUT. Because this tumor has a notorious progression and has been previously underestimated in terms of its prevalence, awareness of characteristic findings and proper ancillary tests should be considered in all suspicious cases.

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Original Articles
C-reactive Protein Overexpression in the Background Liver of Hepatitis B Virus–Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is a Prognostic Biomarker
Jin Ho Shin, Eunsil Yu, Eun Na Kim, Chong Jai Kim
J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(5):267-274.   Published online July 27, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.07.14
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Peripheral blood C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration and CRP overexpression in HCC cells are proven to be prognostic markers for HCC, but the significance of CRP expression in non-neoplastic hepatocytes, which are the primary origin of CRP, has not been studied. This study was conducted to determine the clinicopathologic significance of CRP immunoreactivity in the background liver of HBV-associated HCC.
Methods
CRP immunostaining was done on tissue microarrays of non-neoplastic liver tissues obtained from surgically resected, treatment-naïve HBV-associated HCCs (n = 156). The relationship between CRP immunoreactivity and other clinicopathologic parameters including cancer-specific survival was analyzed. CRP immunoreactivity was determined using a 4-tier grading system: grades 0, 1, 2, and 3.
Results
CRP was positive in 139 of 156 cases (89.1%) of non-neoplastic liver in patients with HCCs: grade 1 in 83 cases (53.2%); grade 2 in 50 cases (32.1%); and grade 3 in six cases (3.8%). The patients with diffuse CRP immunoreactivity (grade 3) had decreased cancer-specific survival (p = .031) and a tendency for shorter interval before early recurrence (p = .050). The degree of CRP immunoreactivity correlated with serum CRP concentration (p < .001).
Conclusions
CRP immunoreactivity in non-neoplastic liver is a novel biomarker for poor cancer-specific survival of HBV-associated HCC and correlates with serum CRP concentration.

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  • Plasma thrombomodulin is a valuable biomarker to predict the severity of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by the Hantaan virus
    Han-Dong Zhao, Yan Zhang, Xiao-Hong Wang, Hong-Bo Qian, Tong-Bo Yu, Peng Li, Kang-Xiao Ma, Hong-Li Liu
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Multivariate Assessment of Thyroid, Lipid, and Inflammatory Profiles by HBV Status and Viral Load: Age- and Sex-Specific Findings
    Hyeokjun Yun, Jong Wan Kim, Jae Kyung Kim
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  • Analysis of Inflammatory and Thyroid Hormone Levels Based on Hepatitis A and B Virus Immunity Status: Age and Sex Stratification
    Hyeokjun Yun, Jae-Sik Jeon, Jae Kyung Kim
    Viruses.2024; 16(8): 1329.     CrossRef
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    Keping Chen, Huidi Sun, Yu Geng, Chuankun Yang, Chun Shan, Yuxin Chen
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Serum Ferritin, Procalcitonin, and C-Reactive Protein for the Prediction of Severity and Mortality in Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome
    Lihe Che, Zedong Wang, Na Du, Liang Li, Yinghua Zhao, Kaiyu Zhang, Quan Liu
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Haeryoung Kim, Young Nyun Park
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2021; 55(3): 171.     CrossRef
  • A prospective follow-up study of the relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and primary liver cancer
    Sarah Tan Siyin, Tong Liu, Wenqiang Li, Nan Yao, Guoshuai Xu, Jun Qu, Yajun Chen
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    Sukhpal Singh, Abhishek Bansal, Pardeep Kumar
    International Journal of Infection.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
Myoferlin Expression and Its Correlation with FIGO Histologic Grading in Early-Stage Endometrioid Carcinoma
Min Hye Kim, Dae Hyun Song, Gyung Hyuck Ko, Jeong Hee Lee, Dong Chul Kim, Jung Wook Yang, Hyang Im Lee, Hyo Jung An, Jong Sil Lee
J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(2):93-97.   Published online March 14, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.11.29
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
For endometrioid carcinoma patients, International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (FIGO) histologic grading is very important for identifying the appropriate treatment method. However, the interobserver discrepancy with this three-tiered grading system is a serious potential problem. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to analyze the relationship between FIGO histologic grading score and myoferlin expression.
Methods
We studied the endometrioid carcinoma tissues of 60 patients from Gyeongsang National University Hospital between January 2002 and December 2009. Immunohistochemical analysis of myoferlin was performed on tissue microarray blocks from surgical specimens.
Results
Myoferlin expression was observed in 58 of 60 patients. Moderate and strong myoferlin expression was observed in low-grade endometrioid carcinoma, while there was a tendency toward loss of myoferlin expression in high-grade endometrioid carcinoma (p<.001).
Conclusions
Our study revealed that myoferlin loss is significantly correlated with high FIGO grade of endometrioid carcinoma.

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  • Myoferlin: A Potential Marker of Response to Radiation Therapy and Survival in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
    Hayley Fowler, Rachael E. Clifford, David Bowden, Paul A. Sutton, Naren Govindarajah, Matthew Fok, Mark Glenn, Michael Wall, Carlos Rubbi, Simon J.A. Buczacki, Amit Mandal, Hayley Francies, Jonathan Hughes, Jason L. Parsons, Dale Vimalachandran
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    Dominik Kraus, Simone Weider, Rainer Probstmeier, Jochen Winter
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  • Correlation between myoferlin expression and lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma
    Ji Min Na, Dong Chul Kim, Dae Hyun Song, Hyo Jung An, Hyun Min Koh, Jeong-Hee Lee, Jong Sil Lee, Jung Wook Yang, Min Hye Kim
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2022; 56(4): 199.     CrossRef
  • PINCH-1 interacts with myoferlin to promote breast cancer progression and metastasis
    Tao Qian, Chengmin Liu, Yanyan Ding, Chen Guo, Renwei Cai, Xiaoxia Wang, Rong Wang, Kuo Zhang, Li Zhou, Yi Deng, Chuanyue Wu, Ying Sun
    Oncogene.2020; 39(10): 2069.     CrossRef
  • Human colon cancer cells highly express myoferlin to maintain a fit mitochondrial network and escape p53-driven apoptosis
    Gilles Rademaker, Brunella Costanza, Justine Bellier, Michael Herfs, Raphaël Peiffer, Ferman Agirman, Naïma Maloujahmoum, Yvette Habraken, Philippe Delvenne, Akeila Bellahcène, Vincent Castronovo, Olivier Peulen
    Oncogenesis.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prognostic significance of immunohistochemical staining for myoferlin in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its association with epidermal growth factor receptor expression
    Minsun Jung, Cheol Lee, Jeong Hwan Park, Kyung Chul Moon
    Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations.2019; 37(11): 812.e9.     CrossRef
  • Ferlin Overview: From Membrane to Cancer Biology
    Olivier Peulen, Gilles Rademaker, Sandy Anania, Andrei Turtoi, Akeila Bellahcène, Vincent Castronovo
    Cells.2019; 8(9): 954.     CrossRef
  • Myoferlin, a multifunctional protein in normal cells, has novel and key roles in various cancers
    Wei Zhu, Bolun Zhou, Chenxuan Zhao, Zhengqing Ba, Hongjuan Xu, Xuejun Yan, Weidong Liu, Bin Zhu, Lei Wang, Caiping Ren
    Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine.2019; 23(11): 7180.     CrossRef
  • Myoferlin, a Membrane Protein with Emerging Oncogenic Roles
    Yimin Dong, Honglei Kang, Huiyong Liu, Jia Wang, Qian Guo, Chao Song, Yunlong Sun, Ya Zhang, Honghua Zhang, Zheng Zhang, Hanfeng Guan, Zhong Fang, Feng Li
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HER2 Status and Its Heterogeneity in Gastric Carcinoma of Vietnamese Patient
Dang Anh Thu Phan, Vu Thien Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Ha Hua, Quoc Dat Ngo, Thi Phuong Thao Doan, Sao Trung Nguyen, Anh Tu Thai, Van Thanh Nguyen
J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(4):396-402.   Published online June 19, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.04.24
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is related to the pathogenesis and poor outcome of numerous types of carcinomas, including gastric carcinoma. Gastric cancer patients with HER2 positivity have become potential candidates for targeted therapy with trastuzumab.
Methods
We investigated 208 gastric cancer specimens using immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization and dual in situ hybridization (ISH). We also investigated the concordance between IHC and ISH. The correlation between HER2 status and various clinicopathological findings was also investigated.
Results
In total, 15.9% (33/208) and 24.5% (51/208) of gastric cancers showed HER2 gene amplification and protein overexpression, respectively. A high level of concordance between ISH and IHC analyses (91.3%, κ = 0.76) was found. A significant correlation between HER2 status and intestinal-type (p < .05) and differentiated carcinomas (p < .05) was also noted. The HER2 heterogeneity was high in gastric cancers; we found 68.8% phenotypic heterogeneity and 57.6% genotypic heterogeneity. Heterogeneity in HER2 protein expression and gene amplification showed a close association with diffuse histologic type and IHC 2+.
Conclusions
HER2 protein overexpression and gene amplification were detected in 24.5% and 15.9% of gastric cancer specimens, respectively. Intestinal-type showed a higher level of HER2 protein overexpression and gene amplification than diffuse type. HER2 status also showed a significant relationship with well- and moderately-differentiated carcinomas. The ratio of phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity of HER2 was high in gastric carcinomas and was associated with HER2 IHC 2+ and diffuse histologic type.

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  • Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression and socio-demographic, clinical, and histopathological characteristics in gastric carcinoma at St Francis Hospital Nsambya, Uganda
    Steven Wanda, Gorretti Nassali, Brian Bbosa, Francis Basimbe, Joviah Akulu, Davis Nsamba, Praise Nimusiima, Joshua Muhumuza, Emmanuel Othieno, Maxwel Dancan Okuku
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    Hassan Wasswa, Abraham Birungi, Lawrence Amadile, Richard Kasadha, Saphurah Nabaasa, Jolly Ninsiima, Tonny Okecha, Frank Ssedyabane, Raymond Atwine, Lauben Tibenderana
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    Qian Li, Minzhi Lv, Lihua Lv, Nida Cao, Aiguang Zhao, Jiayan Chen, Xi Tang, Rongkui Luo, Shan Yu, Yan Zhou, Yuehong Cui, Wei Guo, Tianshu Liu
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    Rafid A. Abood, Saad Alomar, Sawsan S. Alharoon
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    Hideki Yamaguchi, Yuko Nagamura, Makoto Miyazaki
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    Renshen Xiang, Yuping Rong, Yuhang Ge, Wei Song, Jun Ren, Tao Fu
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    Renshen Xiang, Wei Song, Jun Ren, Jing Wu, Jincheng Fu, Tao Fu
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    Yoshie Kobayashi, Seung-Oe Lim, Hirohito Yamaguchi
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    Yu-Chang Chuang, Hsin-Yi Wu, Yu-Ling Lin, Shey-Cherng Tzou, Cheng-Hsun Chuang, Ting-Yan Jian, Pin-Rong Chen, Yuan-Ching Chang, Chi-Hsin Lin, Tse-Hung Huang, Chao-Ching Wang, Yi-Lin Chan, Kuang-Wen Liao
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Implication of PHF2 Expression in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Cheol Lee, Bohyun Kim, Boram Song, Kyung Chul Moon
J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(4):359-364.   Published online June 13, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.03.16
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is presumed to be associated with adipogenic differentiation. Histone modification is known to be important for adipogenesis, and the function of histone demethylase plant homeodomain finger 2 (PHF2) has been noted. In addition, PHF2 may act as a tumor suppressor via epigenetic regulation of p53 and is reported to be reduced in colon cancer and stomach cancer tissues. In this study, we examined PHF2 expression in CCRCC specimens by immunohistochemistry.
Methods
We studied 254 CCRCCs and 56 non-neoplastic renal tissues from patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy between 2000 and 2003 at the Seoul National University Hospital. Tissue microarray blocks were prepared, and immunohistochemical staining for PHF2 was performed.
Results
Among 254 CCRCC cases, 150 cases (59.1%) showed high expression and 104 cases (40.1%) showed low expression. High expression of PHF2 was significantly correlated with a low Fuhrman nuclear grade (p < .001), smaller tumor size (p < .001), low overall stage (p = .003), longer cancer-specific survival (p = .002), and progression-free survival (p < .001) of the patients. However, it was not an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis adjusted for Fuhrman nuclear grade and overall stage.
Conclusions
Our study showed that low expression of PHF2 is associated with aggressiveness and poor prognosis of CCRCC.

Citations

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  • Phosphoproteomics identifies determinants of PAK inhibitor sensitivity in leukaemia cells
    Pedro Casado, Santiago Marfa, Marym M. Hadi, Henry Gerdes, Sandra M. Martin-Guerrero, Farideh Miraki-Moud, Vinothini Rajeeve, Pedro R. Cutillas
    Cell Communication and Signaling.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yanguang Hou, Yan Yuan, Yanze Li, Lei Wang, Juncheng Hu, Xiuheng Liu
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    Ying Dong, Hao Hu, Xuan Zhang, Yunkai Zhang, Xin Sun, Hanlin Wang, Weijuan Kan, Min-jia Tan, Hong Shi, Yi Zang, Jia Li
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    Peng Luo, Yan-dong Zhang, Feng He, Chang-jun Tong, Kai Liu, He Liu, Shi-zhuang Zhu, Jian-zhou Luo, Bing Yuan
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    Reza Panahi, Esmaeil Ebrahimie, Ali Niazi, Alireza Afsharifar
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    Ignacio Alonso-de Vega, Maria Cristina Paz-Cabrera, Magdalena B Rother, Wouter W Wiegant, Cintia Checa-Rodríguez, Juan Ramón Hernández-Fernaud, Pablo Huertas, Raimundo Freire, Haico van Attikum, Veronique A J Smits
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    Sarder Arifuzzaman, Mst Reshma Khatun, Rabeya Khatun
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    Tyler S. McCann, Lays M. Sobral, Chelsea Self, Joseph Hsieh, Marybeth Sechler, Paul Jedlicka
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    Yi Fu, Mingyan Liu, Fengxia Li, Li Qian, Ping Zhang, Fengwei Lv, Wenting Cheng, Ruixing Hou
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    Stella Pappa, Natalia Padilla, Simona Iacobucci, Marta Vicioso, Elena Álvarez de la Campa, Claudia Navarro, Elia Marcos, Xavier de la Cruz, Marian A. Martínez-Balbás
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    Zheng Ge, Yan Gu, Qi Han, Justin Sloane, Qinyu Ge, Goufeng Gao, Jinlong Ma, Huihui Song, Jiaojiao Hu, Baoan Chen, Sinisa Dovat, Chunhua Song
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Yes-Associated Protein Expression Is Correlated to the Differentiation of Prostate Adenocarcinoma
Myung-Giun Noh, Sung Sun Kim, Eu Chang Hwang, Dong Deuk Kwon, Chan Choi
J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(4):365-373.   Published online June 9, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.05.04
  • 8,931 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Yes-associated protein (YAP) in the Hippo signaling pathway is a growth control pathway that regulates cell proliferation and stem cell functions. Abnormal regulation of YAP was reported in human cancers including liver, lung, breast, skin, colon, and ovarian cancer. However, the function of YAP is not known in prostate adenocarcinoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of YAP in tumorigenesis, differentiation, and prognosis of prostate adenocarcinoma.
Methods
The nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of YAP was examined in 188 cases of prostate adenocarcinoma using immunohistochemistry. YAP expression levels were evaluated in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the prostate adenocarcinoma and the adjacent normal prostate tissue. The presence of immunopositive tumor cells was evaluated and interpreted in comparison with the patients’ clinicopathologic data.
Results
YAP expression levels were not significantly different between normal epithelial cells and prostate adenocarcinoma. However, YAP expression level was significantly higher in carcinomas with a high Gleason grades (8–10) than in carcinomas with a low Gleason grades (6–7) (p < .01). There was no statistical correlation between YAP expression and stage, age, prostate-specific antigen level, and tumor volume. Biochemical recurrence (BCR)–free survival was significantly lower in patients with high YAP expressing cancers (p = .02). However high YAP expression was not an independent prognostic factor for BCR in the Cox proportional hazards model.
Conclusions
The results suggested that YAP is not associated with prostate adenocarcinoma development, but it may be associated with the differentiation of the adenocarcinoma. YAP was not associated with BCR.

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    Benoit Schmauch, Vincent Cabeli, Omar Darwiche Domingues, Jean-Eudes Le Douget, Alexandra Hardy, Reda Belbahri, Charles Maussion, Alberto Romagnoni, Markus Eckstein, Florian Fuchs, Aurélie Swalduz, Sylvie Lantuejoul, Hugo Crochet, François Ghiringhelli, V
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Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Subclassification into Basal, Ductal, and Mixed Subtypes Based on Comparison of Clinico-pathologic Features and Expression of p53, Cyclin D1, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, p16, and Human Papillomavirus
Kyung-Ja Cho, Se Un Jeong, Sung Bae Kim, Sang-wook Lee, Seung-Ho Choi, Soon Yuhl Nam, Sang Yoon Kim
J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(4):374-380.   Published online June 8, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.03.03
  • 21,039 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma with distinct pathologic characteristics. The histogenesis of BSCC is not fully understood, and the cancer has been suggested to originate from a totipotent primitive cell in the basal cell layer of the surface epithelium or in the proximal duct of secretory glands.
Methods
Twenty-six cases of head and neck BSCC from Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, reported during a 14-year-period were subclassified into basal, ductal, and mixed subtypes according to the expression of basal (cytokeratin [CK] 5/6, p63) or ductal markers (CK7, CK8/18). The cases were also subject to immunohistochemical study for CK19, p53, cyclin D1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and p16 and to in situ hybridization for human papillomavirus (HPV), and the results were clinico-pathologically compared.
Results
Mixed subtype (12 cases) was the most common, and these cases showed hypopharyngeal predilection, older age, and higher expression of CK19, p53, and EGFR than other subtypes. The basal subtype (nine cases) showed frequent comedo-necrosis and high expression of cyclin D1. The ductal subtype (five cases) showed the lowest expression of p53, cyclin D1, and EGFR. A small number of p16- and/or HPV-positive cases were not restricted to one subtype. BSCC was the cause of death in 19 patients, and the average follow-up period for all patients was 79.5 months. Overall survival among the three subtypes was not significantly different.
Conclusions
The results of this study suggest a heterogeneous pathogenesis of head and neck BSCC. Each subtype showed variable histology and immunoprofiles, although the clinical implication of heterogeneity was not determined in this study.

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    Heitor Albergoni Silveira, Karina Helen Martins, Ana Lia Anbinder, Thais Aguiar Santos, Elton Fernandes Barros, Pollianna Muniz Alves, Cassiano Francisco Weege Nonaka, Ana Terezinha Marques Mesquita, Matheus Henrique Lopes Dominguete, Rafael Rodrigues Dia
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    Marina Grachtchouk, Jianhong Liu, Mark E Hutchin, Paul W Harms, Dafydd Thomas, Lebing Wei, Aiqin Wang, Donelle Cummings, Lori Lowe, Jonathan Garlick, James Sciubba, Arul M Chinnaiyan, Monique E Verhaegen, Andrzej A Dlugosz
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Clinicopathological Study of 18 Cases of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumors with Reference to ALK-1 Expression: 5-Year Experience in a Tertiary Care Center
Ramesh Babu Telugu, Anne Jennifer Prabhu, Nobin Babu Kalappurayil, John Mathai, Birla Roy Gnanamuthu, Marie Therese Manipadam
J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(3):255-263.   Published online April 17, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.01.12
  • 14,574 View
  • 411 Download
  • 25 Web of Science
  • 30 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a histopathologically distinctive neoplasm of children and young adults. According to World Health Organization (WHO) classification, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is an intermediate-grade tumor, with potential for recurrence and rare metastasis. There are no definite histopathologic, molecular, or cytogenetic features to predict malignant transformation, recurrence, or metastasis.
Methods
A 5-year retrospective study of histopathologically diagnosed inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of various anatomic sites was conducted to correlate anaplastic lymphoma kinase-1 (ALK-1) expression with histological atypia, multicentric origin of tumor, recurrence, and metastasis. Clinical details of all the cases were noted from the clinical work station. Immunohistochemical stains for ALK-1 and other antibodies were performed. Statistical analysis was done using Fisher exact test.
Results
A total of 18 cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors were found during the study period, of which 14 were classical. The female-male ratio was 1:1 and the mean age was 23.8 years. Histologically atypical (four cases) and multifocal tumors (three cases, multicentric in origin) were noted. Recurrence was noted in 30% of ALK-1 positive and 37.5% of ALK-1 negative cases, whereas metastasis to the lung, liver, and pelvic bone was noted in the ALK-1 positive group only.
Conclusions
Overall, ALK-1 protein was expressed in 55.6% of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors. There was no statistically significant correlation between ALK-1 expression, tumor type, recurrence and metastasis. However, ALK-1 immunohistochemistry is a useful diagnostic aid in the appropriate clinical and histomorphologic context.

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Case Study
Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor in the Stomach
Sun Ah Shin, Jiwoon Choi, Kyung Chul Moon, Woo Ho Kim
J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(4):428-432.   Published online April 4, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.09.16
  • 9,647 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors or PEComas can arise in any location in the body. However, a limited number of cases of gastric PEComa have been reported. We present two cases of gastric PEComas. The first case involved a 62-year-old woman who presented with a 4.2 cm gastric subepithelial mass in the prepyloric antrum, and the second case involved a 67-year-old man with a 5.0 cm mass slightly below the gastroesophageal junction. Microscopic examination revealed that both tumors were composed of perivascular epithelioid cells that were immunoreactive for melanocytic and smooth muscle markers. Prior to surgery, the clinical impression of both tumors was gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and the second case was erroneously diagnosed as GIST even after microscopic examination. Although gastric PEComa is a very rare neoplasm, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gastric submucosal lesions.

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Original Articles
Article image
Clinicopathologic Significance of Survivin Expression in Relation to CD133 Expression in Surgically Resected Stage II or III Colorectal Cancer
Wanlu Li, Mi-Ra Lee, EunHee Choi, Mee-Yon Cho
J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(1):17-23.   Published online December 15, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.09.23
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  • 176 Download
  • 20 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Cancer stem cells have been investigated as new targets for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. We recently reported that CD133+ colon cancer cells showed chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil through increased survivin expression and proposed the survivin inhibitor YM155 as an effective therapy for colon cancer in an in vitro study. Here, we investigate the relationship between survivin and CD133 expression in surgically resected CRC to identify whether the results obtained in our in vitro study are applicable to clinical samples.
Methods
We performed immunohistochemical staining for survivin and CD133 in surgically resected tissue from 187 stage II or III CRC patients. We also comparatively analyzed apoptosis according to survivin and CD133 expression using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling.
Results
The results of the Mantel-Haenszel test established a linear association between nuclear survivin and CD133 expression (p = .018), although neither had prognostic significance, according to immunohistochemical expression level. No correlation was found between survivin expression and the following pathological parameters: invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, or histologic differentiation (p > .05). The mean apoptotic index in survivin+ and CD133+ tumors was higher than that in negative tumors: 5.116 ± 4.894 in survivin+ versus 4.103 ± 3.691 in survivin– (p = .044); 5.165 ± 4.961 in CD133+ versus 4.231 ± 3.812 in CD133– (p = .034).
Conclusions
As observed in our in vitro study, survivin expression is significantly related to CD133 expression. Survivin may be considered as a new therapeutic target for chemoresistant CRC.

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The Predictive Value of Pathologic Features in Pituitary Adenoma and Correlation with Pituitary Adenoma Recurrence
Jee Soon Kim, Youn Soo Lee, Min Jung Jung, Yong Kil Hong
J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(6):419-425.   Published online October 6, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.06.30
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
The 2004 World Health Organization classification introduced atypical pituitary adenoma (aPA), which was equivocally defined as invasion with increased mitotic activity that had a Ki-67 labeling index (LI) greater than 3%, and extensive p53 immunoreactivity. However, aPAs that exhibit all of these features are rare and the predictive value for recurrence in pituitary adenomas (PAs) remains uncertain. Thus, we sought to characterize pathological features of PAs that correlated with recurrence.
Methods
One hundred and sixty-seven cases of surgically resected PA or aPA were retrieved from 2011 to 2013 in Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital. Among them, 28 cases were confirmed to be recurrent, based on pathologic or radiologic examination. The pathologic characteristics including mitosis, invasion, Ki-67 LI and p53 immunoreactivity were analyzed in relation to recurrence.
Results
Analysis of the pathologic features indicated that only Ki-67 LI over 3% was significantly associated with tumor recurrence (p = .02). The cases with at least one pathologic feature showed significantly higher recurrence rates (p < .01). Analysis indicated that cases with two pathologic features, Ki-67 LI over 3% and extensive p53 immunoreactivity 20% or more, were significantly associated with tumor recurrence (p < .01).
Conclusions
Based on these results, PA tumor recurrence can be predicted by using mitosis, invasion, Ki-67 LI (3%), or extensive p53 immunoreactivity (≥ 20%). Assessment of these features is recommended for PA diagnosis for more accurate prediction of recurrence.

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Clinicopathologic Correlations of E-cadherin and Prrx-1 Expression Loss in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Kijong Yi, Hyunsung Kim, Yumin Chung, Hyein Ahn, Jongmin Sim, Young Chan Wi, Ju Yeon Pyo, Young-Soo Song, Seung Sam Paik, Young-Ha Oh
J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(5):327-336.   Published online August 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.06.22
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Developing predictive markers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is important, because many patients experience recurrence and metastasis. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental process that plays an important role during embryogenesis and also during cancer metastasis. Paired-related homeobox protein 1 (Prrx-1) is an EMT inducer that has recently been introduced, and its prognostic significance in HCC is largely unknown.
Methods
Tissue microarray was constructed using surgically resected primary HCCs from 244 cases. Immunohistochemical staining of E-cadherin and Prrx-1 was performed. The correlation between E-cadherin loss and Prrx-1 expression, as well as other clinicopathologic factors, was evaluated.
Results
E-cadherin expression was decreased in 96 cases (39.4%). Loss of E-cadherin correlated with a higher recurrence rate (p < .001) but was not correlated with patient’s survival. Thirty-two cases (13.3%) showed at least focal nuclear Prrx-1 immunoreactivity while all non-neoplastic livers (n = 22) were negative. Prrx-1 expression was not associated with E-cadherin loss, survival or recurrence rates, pathologic factors, or the Ki-67 labeling index. Twenty tumors that were positive for E-cadherin and Prrx-1 had significantly higher nuclear grades than the rest of the cohort (p = .037). In Cox proportional hazard models, E-cadherin loss and large vessel invasion were independent prognostic factors for shorter disease-free survival. Cirrhosis and high Ki-67 index (> 40%) were independent prognostic factors for shorter overall survival.
Conclusions
Prrx-1 was expressed in small portions of HCCs but not in normal livers. Additional studies with a large number of Prrx-1-positive cases are required to confirm the results of this study.

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    Zeynep Akbulut, Can Daylan, Gamze Demirel
    Cukurova Medical Journal.2025; 50(3): 899.     CrossRef
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    Ruizhi Wang, Yichao Zhu, Hao Zhong, Xinyue Gao, Qiang Sun, Meifang He
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CD99 Is Strongly Expressed in Basal Cells of the Normal Adult Epidermis and Some Subpopulations of Appendages: Comparison with Developing Fetal Skin
Gawon Choi, Jin Roh, Chan-Sik Park
J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(5):361-368.   Published online August 7, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.06.19
  • 10,388 View
  • 124 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
CD99 is a cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in various tissues. CD99 is differentially expressed between subpopulations of each tissue and is highly expressed in certain hematopoietic and precursor cells. However, there has been no comprehensive study of CD99 expression in normal skin. We evaluated CD99 expression in normal human skin and developing fetal skin.
Methods
Seventy-five adult skin samples containing normal skin and eight fetal skin samples of different gestational ages were collected. CD99 immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate expression pattern in adult and fetal skin samples. CD99 and CD34 expression were compared by double immunofluorescence.
Results
In normal adult skin, CD99 was strongly expressed in the membrane of epidermal basal keratinocytes, hair follicle bulges and outer root sheaths, and inner secretory cells of eccrine sweat glands. In fetal skin, CD99 was not expressed on the periderm at 16 weeks of gestation but was expressed in basal cells of fetal skin at around 19 weeks of gestation. CD99 expression became comparable to that of the adult skin after 20 weeks of gestation. CD99 and CD34 were co-expressed in hair follicle outer root sheaths, as seen by double immunofluorescence study.
Conclusions
This is the first study examining CD99 expression pattern in normal adult and fetal skin. CD99 tends to be expressed in the basal/precursor cells of epidermis and in hair follicles. These results provide a basis for future investigation on functions of CD99 in the skin and provide a novel potential target for the treatment of dermatologic lesions.

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  • Childhood pilomatrixoma mimicking malignant small round blue cell tumor with positivity for CD99: Potential pitfall in cytology
    Brijdeep Singh, Radhika Srinivasan, Deepak Bansal, Manish Rohilla, Pranab Dey, Uma Nahar Saikia, Ritambhra Nada
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SIRT7, H3K18ac, and ELK4 Immunohistochemical Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hye Seung Lee, Wonkyung Jung, Eunjung Lee, Hyeyoon Chang, Jin Hyuk Choi, Han Gyeom Kim, Aeree Kim, Baek-hui Kim
J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(5):337-344.   Published online August 5, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.05.20
  • 12,095 View
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  • 27 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
SIRT7 is one of the histone deacetylases and is NAD-dependent. It forms a complex with ETS-like transcription factor 4 (ELK4), which deacetylates H3K18ac and works as a transcriptional suppressor. Overexpression of SIRT7 and deacetylation of H3K18ac have been shown to be associated with aggressive clinical behavior in some cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of SIRT7, H3K18ac, and ELK4 in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Methods
A total of 278 HCC patients were enrolled in this study. Tissue microarray blocks were made from existing paraffin-embedded blocks. Immunohistochemical expressions of SIRT7, H3K18ac and ELK4 were scored and analyzed.
Results
High SIRT7 (p = .034), high H3K18ac (p = .001), and low ELK4 (p = .021) groups were associated with poor outcomes. Age < 65 years (p = .028), tumor size ≥ 5 cm (p = .001), presence of vascular emboli (p = .003), involvement of surgical margin (p = .001), and high American Joint Committee on Cancer stage (III&V) (p < .001) were correlated with worse prognoses. In multivariate analysis, H3K18ac (p = .001) and ELK4 (p = .015) were the significant independent prognostic factors.
Conclusions
High SIRT7 expression with poor overall survival implies that deacetylation of H3K18ac contributes to progression of HCC. High H3K18ac expression with poor prognosis is predicted due to a compensation mechanism. In addition, high ELK4 expression with good prognosis suggests another role of ELK4 as a tumor suppressor beyond SIRT7’s helper. In conclusion, we could assume that the H3K18ac deacetylation pathway is influenced by many other factors.

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Nuclear Expression of Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Is Associated with Recurrence of Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinomas: Role of Viral Protein in Tumor Recurrence
Jing Jin, Hae Yoen Jung, KyuHo Lee, Nam-Joon Yi, Kyung-Suk Suh, Ja-June Jang, Kyoung-Bun Lee
J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(3):181-189.   Published online April 17, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.03.18
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) plays well-known roles in tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in infected patients. However, HBV-associated protein status in tumor tissues and the relevance to tumor behavior has not been reported. Our study aimed to examine the expression of HBV-associated proteins in HCC and adjacent nontumorous tissue and their clinicopathologic implication in HCC patients.
Methods
HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV core antigen (HBcAg), and HBV X protein (HBx) were assessed in 328 HBV-associated HCCs and in 155 matched nontumorous tissues by immunohistochemistry staining.
Results
The positive rates of HBsAg and cytoplasmic HBx staining in tumor tissue were lower than those in nontumorous tissue (7.3% vs. 57.4%, p < .001; 43.4% vs. 81.3%, p < .001). Conversely, nuclear HBx was detected more frequently in tumors than in nontumorous tissue (52.1% vs. 30.3%, p < .001). HCCs expressing HBsAg, HBcAg, or cytoplasmic HBx had smaller size; lower Edmondson-Steiner (ES) nuclear grade, pT stage, and serum alpha-fetoprotein, and less angioinvasion than HCCs not expressing HBV-associated proteins. Exceptionally, nuclear HBx-positive HCCs showed higher ES nuclear grade and more frequent large-vessel invasion than did nuclear HBx-negative HCCs. In survival analysis, only nuclear HBx-positive HCCs had shorter disease-free survival than nuclear HBx-negative HCCs in pT1 and ES nuclear grade 1–2 HCC subgroup (median, 126 months vs. 35 months; p = .015).
Conclusions
Our data confirmed that expression of normal HBV-associated proteins generally decreases in tumor cells in comparison to nontumorous hepatocytes, with the exception of nuclear HBx, which suggests that nuclear HBx plays a role in recurrence of well-differentiated and early-stage HCCs.

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  • Triphasic CT Radiomics Model for Preoperative Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Pathological Grading
    Haibo Huang, Xianpan Pan, Yingdan Zhang, Jie Yang, Lei Chen, Qinping Zhao, Lifeng Huang, Wei Lu, Yaohong Deng, Yingying Huang, Ke Ding
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Immunohistochemical Expression and Clinical Significance of Suggested Stem Cell Markers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Jong Jin Sung, Sang Jae Noh, Jun Sang Bae, Ho Sung Park, Kyu Yun Jang, Myoung Ja Chung, Woo Sung Moon
J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(1):52-57.   Published online November 18, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.10.09
  • 11,592 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Increasing evidence has shown that tumor initiation and growth are nourished by a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within the tumor mass. CSCs are posited to be responsible for tumor maintenance, growth, distant metastasis, and relapse after curative operation. We examined the expression of CSC markers in paraffin-embedded tissue sections of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and correlated the results with clinicopathologic characteristics. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for the markers believed to be expressed in the CSCs, including epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), keratin 19 (K19), CD133, and CD56, was performed in 82 HCC specimens. Results: EpCAM expression was observed in 56% of the HCCs (46/82) and K19 in 6% (5/82). EpCAM expression in HCC significantly correlated with elevated α-fetoprotein level, microvessel invasion of tumor cells, and high histologic grade. In addition, Ep- CAM expression significantly correlated with K19 expression. The overall survival and relapsefree survival rates in patients with EpCAM-expressing HCC were relatively lower than those in patients with EpCAM-negative HCC. All but two of the 82 HCCs were negative for CD133 and CD56, respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest that HCCs expressing EpCAM are associated with unfavorable prognostic factors and have a more aggressive clinical course than those not expressing EpCAM. Further, the expression of either CD133 or CD56 in paraffin-embedded HCC tissues appears to be rare.

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Review
Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumors
Yeon-Lim Suh
J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(6):438-449.   Published online October 23, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.10.05
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) is a benign glioneuronal neoplasm that most commonly occurs in children and young adults and may present with medically intractable, chronic seizures. Radiologically, this tumor is characterized by a cortical topography and lack of mass effect or perilesional edema. Partial complex seizures are the most common presentation. Three histologic subtypes of DNTs have been described. Histologically, the recognition of a unique, specific glioneuronal element in brain tumor samples from patients with medically intractable, chronic epilepsy serves as a diagnostic feature for complex or simple DNT types. However, nonspecific DNT has diagnostic difficulty because its histology is indistinguishable from conventional gliomas and because a specific glioneuronal element and/or multinodularity are absent. This review will focus on the clinical, radiographic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features as well as the molecular genetics of all three variants of DNTs. The histological and cytological differential diagnoses for this lesion, especially the nonspecific variant, will be discussed.

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Case Study
WHO Grade IV Gliofibroma: A Grading Label Denoting Malignancy for an Otherwise Commonly Misinterpreted Neoplasm
Paola A. Escalante Abril, Miguel Fdo. Salazar, Nubia L. López García, Mónica N. Madrazo Moya, Yadir U. Zamora Guerra, Yadira Gandhi Mata Mendoza, Erick Gómez Apo, Laura G. Chávez Macías
J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(4):325-330.   Published online June 17, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.05.20
Correction in: J Pathol Transl Med 2015;49(6):538
  • 10,135 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
We report a 50-year-old woman with no relevant clinical history who presented with headache and loss of memory. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a left parieto-temporal mass with annular enhancement after contrast media administration, rendering a radiological diagnosis of high-grade astrocytic neoplasm. Tumour sampling was performed but the patient ultimately died as a result of disease. Microscopically, the lesion had areas of glioblastoma mixed with a benign mesenchymal constituent; the former showed hypercellularity, endothelial proliferation, high mitotic activity and necrosis, while the latter showed fascicles of long spindle cells surrounded by collagen and reticulin fibers. With approximately 40 previously reported cases, gliofibroma is a rare neoplasm defined as either glio-desmoplastic or glial/benign mesenchymal. As shown in our case, its prognosis is apparently determined by the degree of anaplasia of the glial component.

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  • Rare Pediatric Invasive Gliofibroma Has BRAFV600E Mutation and Transiently Responds to Targeted Therapy Before Progressive Clonal Evolution
    Kristiyana Kaneva, Kee Kiat Yeo, Debra Hawes, Jianling Ji, Jaclyn A. Biegel, Marvin D. Nelson, Stefan Bluml, Mark D. Krieger, Anat Erdreich-Epstein
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Original Articles
Article image
Overexpression of C-reactive Protein as a Poor Prognostic Marker of Resectable Hepatocellular Carcinomas
Jin Ho Shin, Chong Jai Kim, Eun Jeong Jeon, Chang Ohk Sung, Hwa Jeong Shin, Jene Choi, Eunsil Yu
J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(2):105-111.   Published online March 12, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.01.19
  • 13,067 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant synthesized in the liver. CRP immunoreactivity is a feature of inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas with a higher risk of malignant transformation. A high serum CRP level denotes poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. This study was conducted to determine whether CRP is produced in HCC and to assess the clinicopathologic significance of CRP expression in cancer cells. Methods: CRP immunoreactivity was examined in treatment-naïve HCCs (n=224) using tissue microarrays and was correlated with clinicopathologic parameters. The expression of CRP mRNA and protein was also assessed in 12 HCC cases by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Hep3B and SNU-449 HCC cell lines were used for the analysis of CRP mRNA regulation by interleukin 6 (IL-6). Results: CRP was expressed in 133 of 224 HCCs (59.4%) with a variable degree of immunoreactivity (grade 1 in 25.9%; grade 2 in 20.1%; grade 3 in 13.4%). There was an inverse relationship between grade 3 CRP immunoreactivity and cancer-specific survival (p=.0047), while no associations were found with other parameters, including recurrence-free survival. The CRP mRNA expression level was significantly higher in CRP immunopositive cases than in immunonegative cases (p<.05). CRP mRNA expression was increased in Hep3B cells, but was not detected in SNU-449 cells even after IL-6 treatment. Conclusions: We report the expression of CRP in HCC for the first time. CRP expression was associated with poor cancer-specific survival in patients with resectable HCC.

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Expression of c-MET in Invasive Meningioma
Sumi Yun, Jae Moon Koh, Kyu Sang Lee, An Na Seo, Kyung Han Nam, Gheeyoung Choe
J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(1):44-51.   Published online January 15, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2014.10.13
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Meningiomas show high recurrence rates even after curative tumor removal. The invasiveness of meningiomas may contribute to their high recurrence rates. Recently, c-MET and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) have been reported to be involved in cancer invasion. Methods: We examined the immunohistochemical expression of c-MET and HGF in 100 cases of patients with meningiomas who have undergone complete tumor removal. Results: c-MET-High and HGFHigh were found in 17% and 13% of meningiomas, respectively. Brain invasion was observed in 17.6% of c-MET-High meningiomas, but in only 2.4% of c-MET-Low meningiomas (p=.033). Bone/ soft tissue invasion was observed in 23.5% of c-MET-High meningiomas and in 9.6% of c-MET-Low meningiomas (p=.119). HGF-High did not show statistical association with brain invasion or bone/ soft tissue invasion. c-MET-High demonstrated shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS, 93.5±8.2 months vs 96.1±1.9 months); however, this difference was not statistically significant (p=.139). There was no association of HGF-High with RFS. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that c- MET-High is associated with brain invasion of meningiomas, and that c-MET expression may be a useful predictive marker for meningioma recurrence. Patients with invasive meningiomas with high expressions of c-MET may be good candidates for targeted therapy using c-MET inhibitors.

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The Role of TWIST in Ovarian Epithelial Cancers
Kyungbin Kim, Eun Young Park, Man Soo Yoon, Dong Soo Suh, Ki Hyung Kim, Jeong Hee Lee, Dong Hoon Shin, Jee Yeon Kim, Mee Young Sol, Kyung Un Choi
Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(4):283-291.   Published online August 26, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.4.283
  • 9,376 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with tumor hypoxia. EMT is regulated, in part, by the action of TWIST, which inhibits of E-cadherin expression and may interfere with the p53 tumor-suppressor pathway.

Methods

We examined the expression of TWIST, E-cadherin, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), and p53 by immunohistochemistry in 123 cases of ovarian epithelial cancers (OEC) to evaluate the role of TWIST in OEC. We assessed the association between protein expression and clinicopathologic parameters.

Results

The expression of TWIST, E-cadherin, HIF1α, and p53 proteins was found in 28.5%, 51.2%, 35.0%, and 29.3% of cases, respectively. TWIST expression was associated with higher histologic grade and unfavorable survival. TWIST expression was correlated with HIF1α expression and reduced E-cadherin expression. The altered HIF1α/TWIST/E-cadherin pathway was associated with lower overall survival (OS), while the co-expression of TWIST and p53 was correlated with lower progression-free survival. In the multivariate analyses, TWIST expression was an independent prognostic factor for OS.

Conclusions

Our data imply that TWIST expression could be a useful predictor of unfavorable prognosis for OEC. TWIST may affect the p53 tumor-suppressor pathway. Moreover, hypoxia-mediated EMT, which involves the HIF1α/TWIST/E-cadherin pathway may play an important role in the progression of OEC.

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Case Study
Anaplastic Transformation of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in a Young Man: A Case Study with Immunohistochemical and BRAF Analysis
Ji Hye Park, Hyeong Ju Kwon, Cheong Soo Park, SoonWon Hong
Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(3):234-240.   Published online June 26, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.3.234
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AbstractAbstract PDF

This study reports a case of anaplastic transformation from a well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma in a young patient. The first recurrent tissue contained poorly differentiated foci that revealed lower thyroglobulin, thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), and galectin-3 expression than the well-differentiated area. However there was no increased p53 or Ki-67 expression in the poorly differentiated foci, nor in the well-differentiated area. The tissue subsequently relapsed and revealed only anaplastic features, complete loss of thyroglobulin, TTF-1, and galectin-3 expression and revealed an increase in p53 and Ki-67 expression. The BRAF V600E and BRAF V600V mutation were found in the initially diagnosed papillary thyroid carcinoma and the poorly differentiated foci of the recurring papillary thyroid carcinoma; however, only the BRAF V600V mutation was found in the anaplastic carcinoma. These results suggest that overexpression of p53 and Ki-67 contributed to the anaplastic transformation. We also found that the BRAF type changed during the tumor relapse.

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Original Articles
Evaluation of Protein Expression in Housekeeping Genes across Multiple Tissues in Rats
Hye Jeong Kim, Jong In Na, Byung Woo Min, Joo Young Na, Kyung Hwa Lee, Jae Hyuk Lee, Young Jik Lee, Hyung Seok Kim, Jong Tae Park
Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(3):193-200.   Published online June 26, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.3.193
  • 17,144 View
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  • 22 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Housekeeping genes, which show constant protein expression patterns between different tissue types, are very important in molecular biological studies as an internal control for protein research.

Methods

The protein expression profiles of seven housekeeping genes (HPRT1, PPIA, GYS1, TBP, YWHAZ, GAPDH and ACTB) in various rat tissues (cerebrum, cerebellum, cardiac ventricle and atrium, psoas muscle, femoral muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, and aorta) were analyzed by Western blot and compared by coefficient of variation (CV).

Results

HPRT1 was stably expressed (CV≤10%) in six tissues (cerebrum, cerebellum, ventricle, femoral muscle, spleen, and kidney), PPIA was stably expressed in five tissues (cerebrum, cerebellum, ventricle, spleen and kidney), YWHAZ was stably expressed in three tissues (cerebrum, cerebellum, and kidney), and GAPDH was stably expressed in four tissues (cerebrum, ventricle, psoas muscle, and kidney). In comparison, GYS1, TBP, and ACTB were found to have CV values over 10% in all tissues. Of the seven genes examined, four (HPRT1, PPIA, YWHAZ, and GAPDH) were found to be stably expressed across multiple organs, with low CV values (≤10%).

Conclusions

These results will provide fundamental information regarding internal controls for protein expression studies and can be used for analysis of postmortem protein degradation patterns in forensic medicine.

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IMP3, a Promising Prognostic Marker in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Ji Young Park, Misun Choe, Yuna Kang, Sang Sook Lee
Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(2):108-116.   Published online April 28, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.2.108
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) has been reported as a prognostic biomarker in various cancers. To validate IMP3 as a prognostic biomarker in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), we investigated the expression of IMP3, p53, and Ki-67, and their associations with clinicopathologic outcomes.

Methods

We studied 148 clear cell RCCs (CCRCCs) from patients who underwent radical nephrectomy. The expression levels of IMP3, p53, and Ki-67 were assessed by immunohistochemical staining and the clinical and pathologic parameters were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

Twenty-nine percent of CCRCCs expressed IMP3. Forty-one percent of IMP3-immunopositive tumors developed metastases, while only 11.4% of IMP3-negative tumors developed metastases (p<.001). A Kaplan-Meier curve showed that patients with IMP3-immunopositive tumors had lower metastasis-free survival and cancer-specific survival than did those with IMP3-immunonegative tumors (p<.001 and p<.001, respectively). Expression of high Ki-67 proliferation index was also associated with a higher metastatic rate. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, pT stage and IMP3-positivity were independently associated with disease-specific survival.

Conclusions

IMP3 is an independent prognostic biomarker for patients with CCRCC to predict metastasis and poor outcome.

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  • IMP3 Immunohistochemical Expression Is Related with Progression and Metastases in Xenografted and Cutaneous Melanomas
    Natividad Martin-Morales, Miguel Padial-Molina, Isabel Tovar, Virginea De Araujo Farias, Pedro Hernández-Cortés, Esperanza Ramirez-Moreno, Mercedes Caba-Molina, Justin Davis, Alejandro Carrero Castaño, Jose Mariano Ruiz de Almodovar, Pablo Galindo-Moreno,
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Distribution of Human Papillomavirus 52 and 58 Genotypes, and Their Expression of p16 and p53 in Cervical Neoplasia
Tae Eun Kim, Hwal Woong Kim, Kyung Eun Lee
Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(1):24-29.   Published online February 25, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.1.24
  • 10,721 View
  • 64 Download
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

This study investigates the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) 52 and 58 genotypes among women residing in Busan, and the expression of p16 and p53 proteins in cervical neoplasia with HPV 52 and 58 infections.

Methods

A total of three hundred fifteen cases were analyzed using the HPV DNA chip test for HPV genotypes, and of these, we retrospectively examined p16 and p53 expression in 62 cases of cervical tissues infected with HPV 52 and 58 using immunohistochemistry.

Results

HPV 52 and 58 genotypes were identified in 62 (54.9%) out of 113 high-risk, HPV-infected cases. Of the cases examined, there were 19 single HPV 52 infections (16.8%), 23 single HPV 58 infections (20.4%), 4 multiple HPV 52 infections (3.5%), and 16 multiple HPV-58 infections (14.2%). Immunoreactivity of p16 and p53 was observed in 41 (66.1%) and 23 (37.1%) of the 62 cases of cervical neoplasia infected with HPV 52 and 58 genotypes, respectively.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a high prevalence of HPV 52 and 58 genotypes, in addition to HPV 16, among high-risk strains of cervical neoplasia in Korea. These findings suggest that development of more vaccines would be beneficial for the prevention of the various HPV genotypes.

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    Hunter Hinton, Lorena Herrera, Sofia Valenzuela, Katherine M. Howard, Karl Kingsley
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    群欢 黄
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Immunohistochemical Classification of Primary and Secondary Glioblastomas
Kyu Sang Lee, Gheeyoung Choe, Kyung Han Nam, An Na Seo, Sumi Yun, Kyung Ju Kim, Hwa Jin Cho, Sung Hye Park
Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(6):541-548.   Published online December 24, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.6.541
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Glioblastomas may develop de novo (primary glioblastomas, P-GBLs) or through progression from lower-grade astrocytomas (secondary glioblastomas, S-GBLs). The aim of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical classification of glioblastomas with clinically determined P-GBLs and S-GBLs to identify the best combination of antibodies for immunohistochemical classification.

Methods

We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p53, and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH-1) in 150 glioblastoma cases.

Results

According to clinical history, the glioblastomas analyzed in this study consisted of 146 P-GBLs and 4 S-GBLs. Immunohistochemical expression of EGFR, p53, and IDH-1 was observed in 62.6%, 49.3%, and 11.1%, respectively. Immunohistochemical profiles of EGFR(+)/p53(-), IDH-1(-)/EGFR(+)/p53(-), and EGFR(-)/p53(+) were noted in 41.3%, 40.2%, and 28.7%, respectively. Expression of IDH-1 and EGFR(-)/p53(+) was positively correlated with young age. The typical immunohistochemical features of S-GBLs comprised IDH-1(+)/EGFR(-)/p53(+), and were noted in 3.6% of clinically P-GBLs. The combination of IDH-1(-) or EGFR(+) was the best set of immunohistochemical stains for identifying P-GBLs, whereas the combination of IDH-1(+) and EGFR(-) was best for identifying S-GBLs.

Conclusions

We recommend a combination of IDH-1 and EGFR for immunohistochemical classification of glioblastomas. We expect our results to be useful for determining treatment strategies for glioblastoma patients.

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Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau, α-Tubulin and βIII-Tubulin Expression in Breast Cancer
Soyoung Im, Changyoung Yoo, Ji-Han Jung, Ye-Won Jeon, Young Jin Suh, Youn Soo Lee, Hyun Joo Choi
Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(6):534-540.   Published online December 24, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.6.534
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

The microtubule-associated protein Tau binds to both inner and outer surfaces of microtubules, leading to tubulin assembly and microtubule stabilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of Tau, α-tubulin, and βIII-tubulin expression in breast carcinoma and to assess their relationships with disease progression in the context of taxane treatment.

Methods

Immunohistochemical expressions of Tau, α-tubulin, and βIII-tubulin were assessed in 183 breast cancer cases. Expression was correlated with clinicopathologic parameters, disease progression and overall survival.

Results

Tau expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and estrogen receptor (ER) positivity (p=.003 and p<.001, respectively). Loss of α-tubulin was significantly correlated with distant metastasis (p=.034). Loss of βIII-tubulin was correlated with lymph node metastasis and ER positivity (p=.004 and p<.001, respectively). In taxane-treated cases, Tau expression and loss of α-tubulin and βIII-tubulin expression were related to disease progression (p=.001, p=.028, and p=.030, respectively). Tau expression was associated with a worse survival rate in taxane-treated patients (p=.049).

Conclusions

Tau expression and loss of α-tubulin and βIII-tubulin expression were correlated with aggressive behavior in taxane-treated breast cancer. Further evaluation of Tau, α-tubulin and βIII-tubulin may be useful in predicting clinical behavior and seeking therapeutic measures in taxane-based chemotherapy for breast cancer.

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MAD2 Expression in Ovarian Carcinoma: Different Expression Patterns and Levels among Various Types of Ovarian Carcinoma and Its Prognostic Significance in High-Grade Serous Carcinoma
Po Eun Park, Ji Yun Jeong, Sun Zoo Kim, Ji Young Park
Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(5):418-425.   Published online October 25, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.5.418
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Mitotic arrest deficiency protein 2 (MAD2) is a key component of spindle assembly checkpoint function, which mediates cell apoptosis through microtubule kinetics. Aberrant expression of MAD2 is believed to be associated with the development of chromosome instability. MAD2 also has a signihicant role in cellular drug resistance to taxane chemotherapeutic agents.

Methods

Expression of MAD2 and p53 was investigated using immunohistochemistry in 85 cases of ovarian carcinomas. Clinicopathological data including progression-free survival were analyzed.

Results

A significant (p=.035) association was observed between the grade of serous carcinoma and the expression level of MAD2. While low-grade serous carcinoma showed a low-level expression of MAD2, high-grade serous carcinoma showed a high-level expression of MAD2. We also determined that low-level expression of MAD2 was associated with reduced progression-free survival (PFS) (p=.016) in high-grade serous carcinoma.

Conclusions

MAD2 expression in ovarian carcinoma is related to the grade of serous carcinoma and PFS of high-grade serous carcinoma. Expression level of MAD2 detected by immunohistochemistry may serve as an indicator in predicting the response of microtubule-interfering chemotherapeutic agents.

Citations

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Clinicopathological Analysis of Hepatocellular Adenoma According to New Bordeaux Classification: Report of Eight Korean Cases
Hyunchul Kim, Ja-June Jang, Dong-Sik Kim, Beom Woo Yeom, Nam Hee Won
Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(5):411-417.   Published online October 25, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.5.411
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is a rare benign tumor of the liver. A subtype classification of HCA (hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α [HNF1α]-mutated, β-catenin-mutated HCA, inflammatory HCA, and unclassified HCA) has recently been established based on a single institutional review of a HCA series by the Bordeaux group.

Methods

We used histologic and immunohistochemical parameters to classify and evaluate eight cases from our institution. We evaluated the new classification method and analyzed correlations between our results and those of other reports.

Results

Seven of our eight cases showed histologic and immunohistochemical results consistent with previous reports. However, one case showed overlapping histologic features, as previously described by the Bordeaux group. Four cases showed glutamine synthetase immunohistochemical staining inconsistent with their classification, indicating that glutamine synthetase staining may not be diagnostic for β-catenin-mutated HCA. HNF1α-mutated HCA may be indicated by the absence of liver fatty acid binding protein expression. Detection of amyloid A may indicate inflammatory HCA. HCA with no mutation in the HNF1α or β-catenin genes and no inflammatory protein expression is categorized as unclassified HCA.

Conclusions

Although the new classification is now generally accepted, validation through follow-up studies is necessary.

Citations

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Prognostic Significance of Heat Shock Protein 70 Expression in Early Gastric Carcinoma
Youngran Kang, Woon Yong Jung, Hyunjoo Lee, Wonkyung Jung, Eunjung Lee, Bong Kyung Shin, Aeree Kim, Han Kyeom Kim, Baek-hui Kim
Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(3):219-226.   Published online June 25, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.3.219
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Overexpression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has been observed in many types of cancer including gastric adenocarcinomas, although the exact role of HSP70 in carcinogenesis remains unclear.

Methods

The study analyzed a total of 458 radical gastrectomy specimens which were immunohistochemically stained with HSP70, p53, and Ki-67 antibodies.

Results

The study determined that the expression of HSP70 was significantly increased in early gastric cancer (EGC) compared to advanced gastric cancer (p<0.001). The HSP70 expression was correlated with well-differentiated tumor type, intestinal type of Lauren classification and the lower pT and pN stage. Negative expression of Ki-67 and p53 expression was associated with poor prognosis. The study did not find any correlation between HSP70 and p53 expression. The study determined that HSP70 expression in the EGC subgroup was associated with a poor prognosis (p=0.009), as well as negative Ki-67 expression (p=0.006), but was not associated with p53. Based on multivariate analysis, HSP70 expression (p=0.024), negative expression of Ki-67, invasion depth and lymph node metastasis were determined to be independent prognostic markers.

Conclusions

HSP70 is expressed in the early stages of gastric adenocarcinoma. In EGC, HSP70 is a poor independent prognostic marker and is correlated with a low proliferation index.

Citations

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  • The Prognostic Importance of Ki-67 in Gastrointestinal Carcinomas: A Meta-analysis and Multi-omics Approach
    Mahdieh Razmi, Fatemeh Tajik, Farideh Hashemi, Ayna Yazdanpanah, Fatemeh Hashemi-Niasari, Adeleh Divsalar
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Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Cell Cycle Related Protein Expression in Tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinomas of Korean Patients with Clinicopathologic Analysis
Miji Lee, Sung Bae Kim, Sang-wook Lee, Jong-Lyel Roh, Seung-Ho Choi, Soon Yuhl Nam, Sang Yoon Kim, Kyung-Ja Cho
Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(2):148-157.   Published online April 24, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.2.148
  • 9,001 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) has recently been characterized as a distinct subset with a favorable prognosis. The prevalence and clinicopathologic significance of HPV-related TSCC in Koreans are not well known.

Methods

HPV in situ hybridization (ISH) accompanied by p53, p16, pRb, and cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining were performed on 89 resection cases of TSCC from 2000 through 2010.

Results

HPV was detected by ISH in 59 of 89 cases (66.3%). HPV-positive TSCCs were more common in younger ages (p=0.005), and tumor sizes were smaller in the HPV-positive compared to the HPV-negative group (p=0.040). Positive HPV staining was significantly correlated with p16 expression (p<0.001), pRb inactivation (p=0.003), and cyclin D1 down-regulation (p<0.001) but not with p53 expression (p=0.334). Seventeen cases that showed p16-immunopositivity with HPV-negativity by ISH were retested by HPV typing; HPV DNA was not detected in all cases. There was no significant difference between HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients either in the disease-specific survival (DSS, p=0.857) or overall survival (p=0.910). Furthermore, pRb-inactivated cases showed better DSS (p=0.023), and p53-positive cases showed worse DSS (p=0.001).

Conclusions

Although high HPV prevalence was noted, it was not correlated with histopathologic findings or survival benefit. In addition to p53 expression, pRb inactivation along with p16 overexpression and down-regulation of cyclin D1 are thought to be important pathogenetic steps for developing TSCCs.

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Hedgehog Related Protein Expression in Breast Cancer: Gli-2 Is Associated with Poor Overall Survival
Soyoung Im, Hyun Joo Choi, Changyoung Yoo, Ji-Han Jung, Ye-Won Jeon, Young Jin Suh, Chang Suk Kang
Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(2):116-123.   Published online April 24, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.2.116
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is known to play a critical role in various malignancies, but its clinicopathologic role in breast cancer is yet to be established.

Methods

Tissue microarray blocks from 334 cases of breast cancer were prepared. The expression of six Hh signaling proteins including sonic hedgehog (Shh), patched (Ptch), smoothened (Smo), and the glioma-associated oncogene (Gli)-1, Gli-2, and Gli-3 were analyzed immunohistochemically.

Results

The expression of Hh signaling proteins was significantly correlated with some prognostic factors including the correlation of lymph node metastasis with the expression of Shh (p=0.001) and Ptch (p=0.064), the correlation of the stages with Shh and Gli-3 expression (p=0.007 and p=0.024, respectively), the correlation of the nuclear grade with the Smo (p=0.004) and Gli-3 (p=0.000), and the correlation of the histologic grade with the Ptch (p=0.016), Smo (p=0.007), and Gli-3 (p=0.000). The Shh, Ptch, Smo, Gli-1, and Gli-2 expression was significantly different between the phenotypes (p=0.000, p=0.001, p=0.004, p=0.039, and p=0.031, respectively). Gli-2 expression was correlated with a worse overall survival outcome (p=0.012).

Conclusions

Hh pathway activation is correlated with a more aggressive clinical behavior in breast carcinomas. The comparison of phenotypes suggested that the Hh pathway may be a useful therapeutic target for breast carcinoma. Patients with Gli-2 expression had a significantly lower overall survival rate and, therefore, it showed promise as a prognostic marker.

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EGFR Gene Amplification and Protein Expression in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast
Won Hwangbo, Jeong Hyeon Lee, Sangjeong Ahn, Seojin Kim, Kyong Hwa Park, Chul Hwan Kim, Insun Kim
Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(2):107-115.   Published online April 24, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.2.107
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a surrogate marker for basal-like breast cancer. A recent study suggested that EGFR may be used as a target for breast cancer treatment.

Methods

A total of 706 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) of the breast were immunophenotyped, and 82 cases with EGFR protein expression were studied for EGFR gene amplification.

Results

EGFR protein was expressed in 121 of 706 IDCs (17.1%); 5.9% were of luminal type, 25.3% of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) type, and 79.3% of basal-like tumors. EGFR gene amplification and high polysomy (fluorescent in situ hybridization [FISH]-positive) were found in 18 of 82 cases (22.0%); 41.2% of the HER-2+, EGFR+, cytokeratin 5/6- (CK5/6-) group, 11.2% of the HER-2-, EGFR+, CK5/6- group, and 19.1% of the HER-2-, EGFR+, CK5/6+ group. FISH-positive cases were detected in 8.3% of the EGFR protein 1+ expression cases, 15.9% of 2+ expression cases, and 38.5% of 3+ expression cases. In group 2, the tumors had a high Ki-67 labeling (>60%), but the patients showed better disease-free survival than those with tumors that co-expressed HER-2 or CK5/6.

Conclusions

EGFR-directed therapy can be considered in breast cancer patients with EGFR protein overexpression and gene amplification, and its therapeutic implication should be determined in HER-2 type breast cancer patients.

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Finding and Characterizing Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma of the Salivary Gland
Min Jung Jung, Joon Seon Song, Sang Yoon Kim, Soon Yuhl Nam, Jong-Lyel Roh, Seung-Ho Choi, Sung-Bae Kim, Kyung-Ja Cho
Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(1):36-43.   Published online February 25, 2013
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

A new tumor entity of the salivary glands, mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) with ETV6-NTRK3 translocation, has recently been proposed. MASC was originally diagnosed as adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (ANOS), or acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) by the current World Health Organization classification. We aimed to identify MASC cases by molecular tests, and to characterize their clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical features.

Methods

Thirty cases of MASC candidates were selected after review of 196 salivary gland tumors, and subjected to break-apart ETV6 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and immunohistochemical study for S100 protein, gross cystic disease fluid protein 15, DOG1, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor.

Results

Valid FISH results were obtained in 23 cases, and 13 positive cases were retrieved. MASCs were histologically varied, and the most frequent features observed in 10 cases were low-grade papillary/cystic/glandular patterns, intraluminal secretory materials, ovoid/wrinkled nuclei, and relatively abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasms, corresponding to papillary-cystic or follicular types of AciCC. All cases showed diffuse immunopositivity for S100 protein. Three cases developed recurrences, but all patients remained alive.

Conclusions

MASC could be a molecularly well-defined salivary gland neoplasm, encompassing some portions of AciCC and ANOS, but its histological spectrum and clinical implication require further investigation.

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Expression of SIRT1 and DBC1 in Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Youngran Kang, Woon Yong Jung, Hyunjoo Lee, Eunjung Lee, Aeree Kim, Baek-hui Kim
Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(6):523-531.   Published online December 26, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.6.523
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) are known as tumor suppressor or promoter genes. This may be due to their diverse functions and interaction with other proteins. Gastric adenocarcinoma is one of the most common malignancies, but little is known about its carcinogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the association of immunohistochemical expression of SIRT1, DBC1, p53, and β-catenin and their variable clinicopathological characteristics.

Methods

We obtained samples from 452 patients who underwent gastrectomy. Tissue microarray blocks were constructed and immonohistochemical staining was performed.

Results

Expression of DBC1 and SIRT1 was associated with lower histologic grade, intestinal type of Lauren classification, and lower pT (p<0.001) and pN stage (DBC1, p=0.002; SIRT1, p<0.001). Association between absence of lymphatic invasion, and SIRT1 (p=0.001) and DBC1 (p=0.004) was observed. Cytoplasmic β-catenin expression was associated with lower histologic grade, pT, pN, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, DBC1 (p<0.001), and SIRT1 (p=0.001). Expression of SIRT1 and DBC1 was not associated with p53 (p=0.063 and p=0.060). DBC1 was an independent good prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (p=0.012).

Conclusions

SIRC1 and DBC1 can be considered to be good prognostic factors in gastric adenocarcinoma.

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Expression of c-Met Is Different along the Location and Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis of Head and Neck Carcinoma
Ji-Young Choe, Ji Yun Yun, Soo-Jeong Nam, Ji Eun Kim
Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(6):515-522.   Published online December 26, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.6.515
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  • 52 Download
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Activation of the c-Met pathway is involved in cancer progression and the prognosis. We aimed to identify any association of c-Met protein expression with a number of clinicopathologic variables including infection of human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in head and neck carcinomas (HNCa).

Methods

Eighty-two cases were enrolled in this study. Expression of c-Met and p16 was investigated immunohistochemically. EBV was detected by in situ hybridization and amplification of the c-Met gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Results

The c-Met protein was expressed in 41.5% (34/82), and gene amplification was found in 1.4% (1/71). High expression of c-Met was associated with the primary location of the tumor; the hypopharynx showed the highest expression, followed by the oral cavity, larynx, and nasal cavity. Squamous cell carcinoma expressed c-Met more frequently than undifferentiated carcinoma. Also, p16 immunoreactivity or EBV infection was associated with the tumor location and well-differentiated histologic type, but were not linked to c-Met expression. The patients with positive c-Met expression showed frequent lymph node metastasis.

Conclusions

Activation of the c-Met pathway might be involved in a subset of HNCa. Cases showing positive c-Met expression should be carefully monitored because of the high probability of lymph node metastasis.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.5.463
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and abnormal p53 expression are closely involved in carcinogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) of uterine cervix. Recent studies have suggested that virus-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress modulates various cell survival and cell death signaling pathways. The C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) is associated with ER stress-mediated apoptosis and is also involved in carcinogenesis of several human cancers. We hypothesized that CHOP is involved in the carcinogenesis of uterine cervical cancer in association with HR-HPV and/or p53.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze CHOP and p53 protein expression of tissue sections from 191 patients with invasive cancer or preinvasive lesions of the uterine cervix (61 cases of SqCC, 66 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] III, and 64 cases of CIN I).

Results

CHOP was expressed in 59.4% of CIN I, 48.5% of CIN III, and 70.5% of SqCC cases. It was also significantly more frequent in invasive SqCC than in preinvasive lesions (p=0.042). Moreover, CHOP expression significantly correlated with HR-HPV infection and p53 expression (p=0.009 and p=0.038, respectively).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that CHOP is involved in the carcinogenesis of the uterine cervix SqCC via association with HR-HPV and p53.

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