Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Most-download articles are from the articles published in 2023 during the last three month.

Review

A stepwise approach to fine needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes: Yosep Chong, Gyeongsin Park, Hee Jeong Cha, Hyun-Jung Kim, Chang Suk Kang, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Seung-Sook Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(4):196-207. Published online July 11, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.06.12

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The cytological diagnosis of lymph node lesions is extremely challenging because of the diverse diseases that cause lymph node enlargement, including both benign and malignant or metastatic lymphoid lesions. Furthermore, the cytological findings of different lesions often resemble one another. A stepwise diagnostic approach is essential for a comprehensive diagnosis that combines: clinical findings, including age, sex, site, multiplicity, and ultrasonography findings; low-power reactive, metastatic, and lymphoma patterns; high-power population patterns, including two populations of continuous range, small monotonous pattern and large monotonous pattern; and disease-specific diagnostic clues including granulomas and lymphoglandular granules. It is also important to remember the histological features of each diagnostic category that are common in lymph node cytology and to compare them with cytological findings. It is also essential to identify a few categories of diagnostic pitfalls that often resemble lymphomas and easily lead to misdiagnosis, particularly in malignant small round cell tumors, poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, and nasopharyngeal undifferentiated carcinoma. Herein, we review a stepwise approach for fine needle aspiration cytology of lymphoid diseases and suggest a diagnostic algorithm that uses this approach and the Sydney classification system.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Development and Validation of Explainable Artificial Intelligence System for Automatic Diagnosis of Cervical Lymphadenopathy From Ultrasound Images
Ming Xu, Yubiao Yue, Zhenzhang Li, Yinhong Li, Guoying Li, Haihua Liang, Di Liu, Xiaohong Xu, Mohamadreza (Mohammad) Khosravi
International Journal of Intelligent Systems.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Immunocytochemical markers, molecular testing and digital cytopathology for aspiration cytology of metastatic breast carcinoma
Joshua J. X. Li, Gary M. Tse
Cytopathology.2024; 35(2): 218. CrossRef
Response to comment on “A stepwise approach to fine needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes”
Yosep Chong, Gyeongsin Park, Hee Jeong Cha, Hyun-Jung Kim, Chang Suk Kang, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Seung-Sook Lee
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2024; 58(1): 43. CrossRef
Comment on “A stepwise approach to fine needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes”
Elisabetta Maffei, Valeria Ciliberti, Pio Zeppa, Alessandro Caputo
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2024; 58(1): 40. CrossRef
The Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in Bethesda III Thyroid Nodules: A Retrospective Analysis at a Single Endocrine Surgery Center
Iyad Hassan, Lina Hassan, Nahed Balalaa, Mohamad Askar, Hussa Alshehhi, Mohamad Almarzooqi
Diagnostics.2024; 14(10): 1026. CrossRef
Efficiency of Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) in Relation to Tru-Cut Biopsy of Lateral Neck Swellings
Mohammed S Al Olaimat, Fahad S Al Qooz, Zaid R Alzoubi, Elham M Alsharaiah, Ali S Al Murdif, Mohammad O Alanazi
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Pitfalls in the Cytological Diagnosis of Nodal Hodgkin Lymphoma
Uma Handa, Rasheeda Mohamedali, Rajpal Singh Punia, Simrandeep Singh, Ranjeev Bhagat, Phiza Aggarwal, Manveen Kaur
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2024; 52(12): 715. CrossRef
Rapid 3D imaging at cellular resolution for digital cytopathology with a multi-camera array scanner (MCAS)
Kanghyun Kim, Amey Chaware, Clare B. Cook, Shiqi Xu, Monica Abdelmalak, Colin Cooke, Kevin C. Zhou, Mark Harfouche, Paul Reamey, Veton Saliu, Jed Doman, Clay Dugo, Gregor Horstmeyer, Richard Davis, Ian Taylor-Cho, Wen-Chi Foo, Lucas Kreiss, Xiaoyin Sara J
npj Imaging.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Newsletters

What’s new in neuropathology 2024: CNS WHO 5th edition updates: Heather Smith, Jared T. Ahrendsen; J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(6):346-349. Published online September 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.09.11

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Abstract PDF

The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumors was released in 2021, just five years following the updated fourth edition. Advanced molecular testing such as next-generation sequencing, RNA fusion analysis, and DNA methylation profiling has led to more precise grading and classification of pre-existing tumor types as well as the recognition of new ones. Herein, we outline the major updates of the 2021 WHO Classification of CNS tumors, with emphasis on the expanded molecular characterization of CNS tumors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Bioinformatics insights into ACSL1 and ACSL5: prognostic and immune roles in low-grade glioma
Cheng Zhang, Zhonghua Lv, Hongsheng Liang, Fulan Hu, Haoran Bi
BMC Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Current Understanding of the Exosomes and Their Associated Biomolecules in the Glioblastoma Biology, Clinical Treatment, and Diagnosis
Aghdas Ramezani, Maryam Rahnama, Fatemeh Mahmoudian, Fatemeh Shirazi, Mahmoud Ganji, Shohreh Bakhshi, Bahman Khalesi, Zahra Sadat Hashemi, Saeed Khalili
Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Diagnostic Utility of Intratumoral Susceptibility Signals in Adult Diffuse Gliomas: Tumor Grade Prediction and Correlation with Molecular Markers Within the WHO CNS5 (2021) Classification
José Ignacio Tudela Martínez, Victoria Vázquez Sáez, Guillermo Carbonell, Héctor Rodrigo Lara, Florentina Guzmán-Aroca, Juan de Dios Berna Mestre
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(11): 4004. CrossRef
Glioblastoma in Puerto Rico: A 21-year population-based study
Carlos E Calderon-Valero, Esteban Rivera, Odaly Balasquide, Alejandro E Cedeño-Moran, Aixa De Jesus, Miguel Mayol Del Valle
Neuro-Oncology Advances.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

What’s new in thyroid pathology 2024: updates from the new WHO classification and Bethesda system: Andrey Bychkov, Chan Kwon Jung; J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(2):98-101. Published online March 13, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.03.06

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Abstract PDF

In line with the release of the 5th edition WHO Classification of Tumors of Endocrine Organs (2022) and the 3rd edition of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (2023), the field of thyroid pathology and cytopathology has witnessed key transformations. This digest brings to the fore the refined terminologies, newly introduced categories, and contentious methodological considerations pivotal to the updated classification.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Cytologic and Clinicopathologic Features of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Prominent Hobnail Features on FNAC
Deepali Saxena, Ravi Hari Phulware, Prashant Durgapal, Arvind Kumar, Amit Kumar Tyagi
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery.2024; 76(5): 4885. CrossRef
FHL1: A novel diagnostic marker for papillary thyroid carcinoma
Yeting Zeng, Dehua Zeng, Xingfeng Qi, Hanxi Wang, Xuzhou Wang, Xiaodong Dai, Lijuan Qu
Pathology International.2024; 74(9): 520. CrossRef
Nouveautés en pathologie thyroïdienne : classification OMS 2022, système Bethesda 2023, biologie moléculaire et testing moléculaire
Mohamed Amine Bani, Sophie Moog, Voichita Suciu, Livia Lamartina, Abir Al Ghuzlan
Bulletin du Cancer.2024; 111(10): 10S5. CrossRef
Cytologic hallmarks and differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma subtypes
Agnes Stephanie Harahap, Chan Kwon Jung
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2024; 58(6): 265. CrossRef
Surgical and Pathological Challenges in Thyroidectomy after Thermal Ablation of Thyroid Nodules
Ting-Chun Kuo, Kuen-Yuan Chen, Hsiang-Wei Hu, Jie-Yang Jhuang, Ming-Tsan Lin, Chin-Hao Chang, Ming-Hsun Wu
Thyroid®.2024; 34(12): 1503. CrossRef

Original Articles

Lessons learned from the first 2 years of experience with thyroid core needle biopsy at an Indonesian national referral hospital: Agnes Stephanie Harahap, Maria Francisca Ham, Retno Asti Werdhani, Erwin Danil Julian, Rafi Ilmansyah, Chloe Indira Arfelita Mangunkusumso, Tri Juli Edi Tarigan; J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(3):149-160. Published online April 25, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2025.02.19

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Abstract PDF: Background
Core needle biopsy (CNB) improves diagnostic accuracy by providing precise tissue sampling for histopathological evaluation, overcoming the limitation of inconclusive fine-needle aspiration results. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of CNB in assessing thyroid nodules, with additional analysis of the benefits of BRAF V600E and RAS Q61R immunohistochemical (IHC) markers.
Methods
This retrospective study enrolled patients with thyroid nodules who underwent CNB at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, from July 2022 to July 2024. CNB diagnoses were classified using the Korean Thyroid Association Criteria. Diagnostic efficacy was evaluated for neoplastic and malignant lesions, both independently and with BRAF V600E and RAS Q61R IHC. The correlation between nodule size and postoperative diagnosis was also analyzed.
Results
A total of 338 thyroid nodule samples was included, and 52.7% were classified as CNB category II. In the 104 samples with postoperative diagnoses, category IV was the most prevalent (39.4%). CNB demonstrated a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 100% for neoplastic lesions and 23.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity for malignant lesions. Combining CNB with BRAF V600E and RAS Q1R IHC increased the sensitivity to 77% for neoplastic lesions and 28.8% for malignant lesions. Larger nodules (>3 cm) were significantly associated with neoplastic (p = .005) and malignant lesions (p = .004).
Conclusions
CNB performs well in identifying neoplastic lesions, with or without BRAF V600E and RAS Q61R IHC, but its low sensitivity for malignant lesions warrants caution. While CNB categories V–VI indicate malignancy, the possibility of malignancy in categories I–IV should not be overlooked.

Diagnostic yield of fine needle aspiration with simultaneous core needle biopsy for thyroid nodules: Mohammad Ali Hasannia, Ramin Pourghorban, Hoda Asefi, Amir Aria, Elham Nazar, Hojat Ebrahiminik, Alireza Mohamadian; J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(3):180-187. Published online April 16, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2025.03.04

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Abstract PDF: Background
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a widely utilized technique for assessing thyroid nodules; however, its inherent non-diagnostic rate poses diagnostic challenges. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the diagnostic efficacy of FNA, core needle biopsy (CNB), and their combined application in the assessment of thyroid nodules.
Methods
A total of 56 nodules from 50 patients was analyzed using both FNA and simultaneous CNB. The ultrasound characteristics were categorized according to the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems classification system. The study compared the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FNA, CNB, and the combination of the two techniques.
Results
The concordance between FNA and CNB was notably high, with a kappa coefficient of 0.837. The sensitivity for detecting thyroid malignancy was found to be 25.0% for FNA, 66.7% for CNB, and 83.3% for the combined FNA/CNB approach, with corresponding specificities of 84.6%, 97.4%, and 97.4%. The accuracy of the FNA/CNB combination was the highest at 94.1%.
Conclusions
The findings of this study indicate that both CNB and the FNA/CNB combination offer greater diagnostic accuracy for thyroid malignancy compared to FNA alone, with no significant complications reported. Integrating CNB with FNA findings may enhance management strategies and treatment outcomes for patients with thyroid nodules.

Thoracic aortic calcification as a predictor of coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Hussein Nafakhi, Alaa Salah Jumaah, Akeel Abed Yasseen; J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(3):161-170. Published online April 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2025.03.05

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Background
The relationship between coronary atherosclerosis (progression, outcome) and calcification in the thoracic aorta (TAC), particularly across its various segments, is complex and often shows conflicting associations in the literature. To address this debated and complex relationship, we aimed to evaluate how TAC and its segments correlate with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD).
Methods
We reviewed all articles published between January 1990 and September 2024 that examined the link between TAC and CAD and were indexed in PubMed, Scopus, or EMBASE. Using a random-effects model, we calculated pooled proportions, odds ratios, and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the association between TAC and CAD, with consideration of severity.
Results
The study included 17 studies with 8,187 participants, 2,775 of whom had CAD (1,059 with severe CAD), and 5,412 of whom did not. The pooled odds ratio of TAC in patients with CAD compared to that in those without was 3.874 (95% CI, 2.789 to 5.381). For severe CAD versus mild CAD, the odds ratio was 8.005 (95% CI, 2.611 to 24.542). Calcification of the aortic root (pooled proportion, 51%; 95% CI, 0.282 to 0.733) or descending aorta (pooled proportion, 53.4%; 95% CI, 0.341 to 0.718) had the strongest association with CAD compared to calcification of the arch or ascending aorta.
Conclusions
TAC is significantly associated with both the presence and severity of CAD. Calcification in the descending aorta and aortic root is more strongly linked to CAD than calcification in the arch or ascending aorta.

Review

A standardized pathology report for gastric cancer: 2nd edition: Young Soo Park, Myeong-Cherl Kook, Baek-hui Kim, Hye Seung Lee, Dong-Wook Kang, Mi-Jin Gu, Ok Ran Shin, Younghee Choi, Wonae Lee, Hyunki Kim, In Hye Song, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Hee Sung Kim, Guhyun Kang, Do Youn Park, So-Young Jin, Joon Mee Kim, Yoon Jung Choi, Hee Kyung Chang, Soomin Ahn, Mee Soo Chang, Song-Hee Han, Yoonjin Kwak, An Na Seo, Sung Hak Lee, Mee-Yon Cho; J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(1):1-27. Published online January 15, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.12.23

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

The first edition of ‘A Standardized Pathology Report for Gastric Cancer’ was initiated by the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists and published 17 years ago. Since then, significant advances have been made in the pathologic diagnosis, molecular genetics, and management of gastric cancer (GC). To reflect those changes, a committee for publishing a second edition of the report was formed within the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists. This second edition consists of two parts: standard data elements and conditional data elements. The standard data elements contain the basic pathologic findings and items necessary to predict the prognosis of GC patients, and they are adequate for routine surgical pathology service. Other diagnostic and prognostic factors relevant to adjuvant therapy, including molecular biomarkers, are classified as conditional data elements to allow each pathologist to selectively choose items appropriate to the environment in their institution. We trust that the standardized pathology report will be helpful for GC diagnosis and facilitate large-scale multidisciplinary collaborative studies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Spatial and Temporal Tumor Heterogeneity in Gastric Cancer: Discordance of Predictive Biomarkers
Hye Seung Lee
Journal of Gastric Cancer.2025; 25(1): 192. CrossRef
PD-L1 as a Biomarker in Gastric Cancer Immunotherapy
Yunjoo Cho, Soomin Ahn, Kyoung-Mee Kim
Journal of Gastric Cancer.2025; 25(1): 177. CrossRef
Korean Gastric Cancer Association-Led Nationwide Survey on Surgically Treated Gastric Cancers in 2023
Dong Jin Kim, Jeong Ho Song, Ji-Hyeon Park, Sojung Kim, Sin Hye Park, Cheol Min Shin, Yoonjin Kwak, Kyunghye Bang, Chung-sik Gong, Sung Eun Oh, Yoo Min Kim, Young Suk Park, Jeesun Kim, Ji Eun Jung, Mi Ran Jung, Bang Wool Eom, Ki Bum Park, Jae Hun Chung, S
Journal of Gastric Cancer.2025; 25(1): 115. CrossRef
A Comprehensive and Comparative Review of Global Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines: 2024 Update
Sang Soo Eom, Keun Won Ryu, Hye Sook Han, Seong-Ho Kong
Journal of Gastric Cancer.2025; 25(1): 153. CrossRef
Korea, Japan, Europe, and the United States: Why are guidelines for gastric cancer different?
Emily E. Stroobant, Seong-Ho Kong, Maria Bencivenga, Takahiro Kinoshita, Tae-Han Kim, Takeshi Sano, Giovanni de Manzoni, Han-Kwang Yang, Yuko Kitagawa, Vivian E. Strong
Gastric Cancer.2025; 28(4): 559. CrossRef
Genomic and Transcriptomic Characterization of Gastric Cancer with Bone Metastasis
Sujin Oh, Soo Kyung Nam, Keun-Wook Lee, Hye Seung Lee, Yujun Park, Yoonjin Kwak, Kyu Sang Lee, Ji-Won Kim, Jin Won Kim, Minsu Kang, Young Suk Park, Sang-Hoon Ahn, Yun-Suhk Suh, Do Joong Park, Hyung Ho Kim
Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(1): 219. CrossRef
Microscopic tumor mapping of post-neoadjuvant therapy pancreatic cancer specimens to predict post-surgical recurrence: A prospective cohort study
Yeshong Park, Yeon Bi Han, Jinju Kim, MeeYoung Kang, Boram Lee, Eun Sung Ahn, Saemi Han, Haeryoung Kim, Hee-Young Na, Ho-Seong Han, Yoo-Seok Yoon
Pancreatology.2024; 24(4): 562. CrossRef
Effect of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Resectable Gastric Cancer: Analysis from a Western Academic Center
Elliott J. Yee, Danielle Gilbert, Jeffrey Kaplan, Sachin Wani, Sunnie S. Kim, Martin D. McCarter, Camille L. Stewart
Cancers.2024; 16(7): 1428. CrossRef
Interpretation of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer: summary of a consensus meeting of Korean gastrointestinal pathologists
Soomin Ahn, Yoonjin Kwak, Gui Young Kwon, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Moonsik Kim, Hyunki Kim, Young Soo Park, Hyeon Jeong Oh, Kyoungyul Lee, Sung Hak Lee, Hye Seung Lee
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2024; 58(3): 103. CrossRef
Expression of claudin 18.2 in poorly cohesive carcinoma and its association with clinicopathologic parameters in East Asian patients
Moonsik Kim, Byung Woog Kang, Jihyun Park, Jin Ho Baek, Jong Gwang Kim
Pathology - Research and Practice.2024; 263: 155628. CrossRef
Clinicopathological analysis of claudin 18.2 focusing on intratumoral heterogeneity and survival in patients with metastatic or unresectable gastric cancer
T.-Y. Kim, Y. Kwak, S.K. Nam, D. Han, D.-Y. Oh, S.-A. Im, H.S. Lee
ESMO Open.2024; 9(12): 104000. CrossRef
Pathological Interpretation of Gastric Tumors in Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Jung Yeon Kim
Journal of Digestive Cancer Research.2023; 11(1): 15. CrossRef
Histopathology of Gastric Cancer
Baek-hui Kim, Sung Hak Lee
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2023; 23(2): 143. CrossRef
Endoscopic submucosal dissection hands-on training with artificial mucosal layer EndoGEL
Tae-Se Kim, Jun Haeng Lee
Journal of Innovative Medical Technology.2023; 1(1): 5. CrossRef

Original Article

Primary Merkel cell carcinoma of the salivary gland: a clinicopathologic study of four cases with a review of literature: Gyuheon Choi, Joon Seon Song, Hee Jin Lee, Gi Hwan Kim, Young Ho Jung, Yoon Se Lee, Kyung-Ja Cho; J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(3):171-179. Published online April 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2025.03.25

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Abstract PDF: Background
Primary Merkel cell carcinoma of the salivary gland is currently not listed in the World Health Organization classification. However, cases of Merkel cell type neuroendocrine carcinomas of the salivary gland with perinuclear cytokeratin 20 positivity have been intermittently reported. We here investigated the clinicopathologic features of additional cases.
Methods
Data of four cases of Merkel cell type small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the salivary gland were retrieved. To confirm the tumors’ primary nature, clinical records and pathologic materials were reviewed. Optimal immunohistochemical staining was performed to support the diagnosis.
Results
All tumors were located in the parotid gland. Possibilities of metastasis were excluded in all cases through a meticulous clinicopathological review. Tumor histology was consistent with the diagnosis of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Tumors’ immunohistochemical phenotypes were consistent with Merkel cell carcinoma, including Merkel cell polyomavirus large T antigen positivity in two of the four cases.
Conclusions
Merkel cell carcinomas can originate in salivary glands and are partly associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus infection as in cutaneous Merkel cell carcinomas.

Case Studies

Histopathological characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–associated encephalitis and colitis in chronic active EBV infection: Betty A Kasimo, James J Yahaya, Sun Och Yoon, Se Hoon Kim, Minsun Jung; J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(3):188-194. Published online April 16, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2025.02.21

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Abstract PDF: Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) can induce complications in various organs, including the brain and gastrointestinal tract. A 3-year-old boy was referred to the hospital with a history of fever and seizures for 15 days. A diagnosis of encephalitis based on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging findings and clinical correlation was made. Laboratory tests showed positive serology for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and negative for Rotavirus antigen and IgG and IgM antibodies for cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and varicella zoster virus, respectively. Abdominal CT showed diffuse wall thickening with fluid distension of small bowel loops, lower abdomen wall thickening, and a small amount of ascites. The biopsy demonstrated positive Epstein-Barr encoding region in situ hybridization in cells within the crypts and lamina propria. The patient was managed with steroids and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This case showed histopathological characteristics of concurrent EBV-associated encephalitis and colitis in CAEBV infection. The three-step strategy of immunosuppressive therapy, chemotherapy, and allogeneic HSCT should be always be considered for prevention of disease progression.

Cytological features of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma in situ of the lung: a case report: Misa Takahashi, Seiya Homma, Chisato Setoguchi, Yoko Umezawa, Atsuhiko Sakamoto; J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(3):195-200. Published online May 9, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2025.04.09

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Abstract PDF: Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) are generally treated as different lesions, depending on the differences in lesion size and histological findings. However, these differences are not absolute; thus, AAH and AIS are often difficult to distinguish. Moreover, whether AAH and AIS can be regarded as different lesions remains unknown because cytological specimens, especially those of AAH, are rare. In this study, we examined these uncommon cytological specimens and compared the cytological findings between AAH and AIS. We observed many common cytological features with no obvious differences between AAH and AIS. These findings suggest that these two distinct lesions can be grouped into a single category. Therefore, we propose creating a new cytological category.

Review Article

Multiple sclerosis: a practical review for pathologists: Rachel A. Multz, Pouya Jamshidi, Jared T. Ahrendsen; J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(4):203-213. Published online June 27, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2025.05.20

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Abstract PDF: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. It is a chronic disorder resulting in neurologic dysfunction that is disseminated both in time (multiple discrete episodes) and space (involving multiple sites). Histologically, MS is characterized by localized loss of myelin with relative preservation of axons. This review will discuss the epidemiology, clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and pathologic features of multiple sclerosis, as well as briefly touch on the differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease, especially as they relate to the pathologic interpretation of tissue specimens.

Newsletters

What’s new in dermatopathology 2023: WHO 5th edition updates: Jonathan Ho, Chico J Collie; J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(6):337-340. Published online October 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.09.22

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Abstract PDF

The 5th edition WHO Classification of Skin Tumors (2022) has introduced changes to nomenclature and diagnostics. Important differences are discussed below. Changes in each category of skin tumor have been detailed, with particular emphasis on meaningful advances in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the skin’s diverse tumor landscape.

Citations

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Primary cutaneous cribriform tumor: A case report and literature review
Doukou Jiang, Yongzhen Tian, Jiabin Tian, Hui Liu, Yang Guan
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Pediatric Cutaneous T‐Cell Neoplasms: Clinical and Pathological Features, Updated Classifications, and Critical Differential Diagnoses
Jinjun Cheng, Birte Wistinghausen, A. Yasmine Kirkorian
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Histologic and Immunohistochemical Patterns in Lymphomatoid Papulosis: A Systematic Review of Published Cases
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Multiple Onychopapillomas and BAP1 Tumor Predisposition Syndrome
Alexandra Lebensohn, Azam Ghafoor, Luke Bloomquist, Michael C. Royer, Leslie Castelo-Soccio, Kelli Karacki, Olanda Hathaway, Tenin Maglo, Cathy Wagner, Maria G. Agra, Andrew M. Blakely, David S. Schrump, Raffit Hassan, Edward W. Cowen
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Molecular and Histopathological Characterization of Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Case–Control Study
Alessia Paganelli, Marco Zaffonato, Benedetta Donati, Federica Torricelli, Veronica Manicardi, Michela Lai, Marco Spadafora, Simonetta Piana, Alessia Ciarrocchi, Caterina Longo
Cancers.2024; 16(12): 2233. CrossRef
The Gray Zone of Melanocytic Tumors - A Clinical Point of View
Camila Scharf, Giulia Briatico, Gabriella Brancaccio, Elvira Moscarella, Andrea Ronchi, Giuseppe Argenziano
Dermatology Practical & Conceptual.2024; 14(2): e2024153. CrossRef
Biologic Gray Zone of Melanocytic Tumors, Fiction or Reality?
Harald Kittler
Dermatology Practical & Conceptual.2024; 14(2): e2024148. CrossRef
Minimally Invasive Plasma Device Management of Multiple Benign Skin Cancers Associated with Rare Genodermatoses—Case Series and Review of the Therapeutic Methods
Anna Płatkowska, Monika Słowińska, Joanna Zalewska, Zbigniew Swacha, Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz, Michał Wągrodzki, Janusz Patera, Katarzyna Łapieńska-Rey, Małgorzata Lorent, Iwona Ługowska, Piotr Rutkowski, Witold Owczarek
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Clinical Variables Influencing Outcomes in Patients with Atypical Intradermal Smooth Muscle Neoplasms (Formerly Cutaneous Leiomyosarcomas): Single-Institution Study of 95 Surgical Patients
Alicia Gingrich, Sintawat Wangsiricharoen, Madeline B. Torres, Vinod Ravi, Ravin Ratan, Emily Z. Keung, Christopher P. Scally, Alexander J. Lazar, Wei-Lien Wang, Christina L. Roland, Kelly K. Hunt, Wendong Yu, Keila E. Torres
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A Narrative Review of Molecular, Immunohistochemical and In-Situ Techniques in Dermatopathology
J. A. Gabriel, N. Weerasinghe, P. Balachandran, R. Salih, G. E. Orchard
British Journal of Biomedical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

What’s new in medical renal pathology 2025: Updates on podocytopathy and immunofluorescence staining in medical kidney: Astrid Weins, Ibrahim Batal, Paola Romagnani, Geetika Singh, Rahul Raj, Nicole Andeen, Jonathan Zuckerman, Martina Uzzo, Mariam Priya Alexander, Anjali Satoskar; J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(4):269-272. Published online July 10, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2025.06.19

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Abstract PDF: Diffuse podocytopathy, including minimal change disease and primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults and children. It is increasingly recognized to be autoimmune-mediated associated with anti-nephrin and other emerging anti-slit diaphragm antibodies, and can recur in the kidney allograft. Immunofluorescence is routinely used in evaluation of kidney biopsies, and updates include those on fibrillar diseases, monoclonal staining, lupus-like staining, and use of antibody KM55 in IgA-dominant glomerulonephritis.

Reviews

Breast fine-needle aspiration cytology in the era of core-needle biopsy: what is its role?: Ahrong Kim, Hyun Jung Lee, Jee Yeon Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(1):26-38. Published online January 15, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.11.01; Correction in: J Pathol Transl Med 2025;59(2):147

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Abstract PDF

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has long been recognized as a minimally invasive, cost-effective, and reliable diagnostic tool for breast lesions. However, with the advent of core-needle biopsy (CNB), the role of FNAC has diminished in some clinical settings. This review aims to re-evaluate the diagnostic value of FNAC in the current era, focusing on its complementary use alongside CNB, the adoption of new approaches such as the International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System, and the implementation of rapid on-site evaluation to reduce inadequate sample rates. Advances in liquid-based cytology, receptor expression testing, molecular diagnostics, and artificial intelligence are discussed, highlighting their potential to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC. Despite challenges, FNAC remains a valuable diagnostic method, particularly in low-resource settings and specific clinical scenarios, and its role continues to evolve with technology.

Citations

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Bulk-lysis protocols as a sensitive method for investigation of circulating CK19 cells in the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer by flow cytometry
Daniella Serafin Couto Vieira, Laura Otto Walter, Maria Eduarda Cunha da Silva, Lisandra de Oliveira Silva, Heloísa Zorzi Costa, Chandra Chiappin Cardoso, Fernando Carlos de Lander Schmitt, Maria Cláudia Santos-Silva
Analytical Methods.2025; 17(23): 4771. CrossRef

A review of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis regression: Michael J. Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(4):189-195. Published online June 20, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.05.24

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Abstract PDF

Cirrhosis has traditionally been considered an irreversible process of end-stage liver disease. With new treatments for chronic liver disease, there is regression of fibrosis and cirrhosis, improvement in clinical parameters (i.e. liver function and hemodynamic markers, hepatic venous pressure gradient), and survival rates, demonstrating that fibrosis and fibrolysis are a dynamic process moving in two directions. Microscopically, hepatocytes push into thinning fibrous septa with eventual perforation leaving behind delicate periportal spikes in the portal tracts and loss of portal veins. Obliterated portal veins during progressive fibrosis and cirrhosis due to parenchymal extinction, vascular remodeling and thrombosis often leave behind a bile duct and hepatic artery within the portal tract. Traditional staging classification systems focused on a linear, progressive process; however, the Beijing classification system incorporates both the bidirectional nature for the progression and regression of fibrosis. However, even with regression, vascular lesions/remodeling, parenchymal extinction and a cumulative mutational burden place patients at an increased risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma and should continue to undergo active clinical surveillance. It is more appropriate to consider cirrhosis as another stage in the evolution of chronic liver disease as a bidirectional process rather than an end-stage, irreversible state.

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