Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Articles

The significance of papillary architecture in the follow-up biopsies of patients with progestin-treated atypical endometrial hyperplasia: Wangpan J. Shi, Oluwole Fadare; J Pathol Transl Med. 2026;60(1):58-68. Published online January 8, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2025.09.12

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Abstract PDF: Background
Follow-up biopsies in patients with progestin-treated atypical endometrial hyperplasia/endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia (AH/EIN) may show papillary structures, the significance of which is unclear. Methods: The authors reviewed 253 serial specimens of 84 consecutive patients diagnosed with AH/EIN, inclusive of each patient's pre-progestin treatment sample and all post-treatment specimens. We assessed the predictive relationship between papillary architecture in a post-treatment biopsy and two study outcomes: AH/EIN or carcinoma in at least one sample subsequent to the one in which papillae were identified, and/or the last specimen received for that patient. Results: Papillae were identified in only 51.5% of pre-treatment samples but were present in at least one subsequent post-treatment sample for all patients. Post-treatment samples that exhibited papillae and no glandular crowding were associated with AH/EIN in at least one subsequent specimen in 39.7% (29/73) of cases, compared to 24.0% (6/25) in samples with neither papillae nor glandular crowding (p = .227) and 64.0% (16/25) in samples with concurrent gland crowding and papillae (p = .048). Univariate logistic regression analyses showed that the presence of papillae was not associated with study outcomes (odds ratio [OR], 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49 to 1.99; p = .985), as compared with gland crowding (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.27; p = .031), or concurrent papillae and gland crowding (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.01 to 5.52; p = .048). Conclusions: In post-treatment samples of progestin-treated AH/EIN, the presence of papillary architecture was not demonstrably associated with study outcomes independent of gland crowding, although the concurrent presence of both features may be significantly predictive.

Evaluation of potential prognostic significance of JUNB in human prostate cancer: a bioinformatic and histopathological study: Noha R. Noufal, Einas M. Yousef, Mohamed Taha; J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(5):291-305. Published online September 8, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2025.06.06

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Background
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in males worldwide. Serum prostate-specific antigen is a frequently employed biomarker in the diagnosis and risk stratification of prostate cancer; however, it is known for its low predictive accuracy for disease progression. New prognostic biomarkers are needed to distinguish aggressive prostate cancer from low-risk disease. This study aimed to identify and validate potential prognostic biomarkers of prostate cancer. Methods: Two prostate cancer datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the JUNB proto-oncogene, a subunit of the AP-1 transcription factor (JUNB), in 70 prostate cancer patients and 10 BPH samples. Results: Our findings showed that JUNB was significantly enriched in prostate cancer-related pathways and biological processes. JUNB expression was considerably higher in prostatic adenocarcinoma patients than in BPH patients. Regarding JUNB expression in prostate cancer cases, lower levels of JUNB expression were associated with higher grades of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Lower JUNB expression was associated with a higher risk of prostatic adenocarcinoma progression and shorter overall survival. Conclusions: These results suggest that JUNB is a promising prognostic biomarker and a potential tumor suppressor in prostate cancer.

Case Study

Cytological features of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma in situ of the lung: a case report: Misa Takahashi, Seiya Homma, Chisato Setoguchi, Yoko Umezawa, Atsuhiko Sakamoto; J Pathol Transl Med. 2025;59(3):195-200. Published online May 9, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2025.04.09

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Abstract PDF: Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) are generally treated as different lesions, depending on the differences in lesion size and histological findings. However, these differences are not absolute; thus, AAH and AIS are often difficult to distinguish. Moreover, whether AAH and AIS can be regarded as different lesions remains unknown because cytological specimens, especially those of AAH, are rare. In this study, we examined these uncommon cytological specimens and compared the cytological findings between AAH and AIS. We observed many common cytological features with no obvious differences between AAH and AIS. These findings suggest that these two distinct lesions can be grouped into a single category. Therefore, we propose creating a new cytological category.

Reviews

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cytology in pregnancy: Ji-Young Kim, Jeong Yun Shim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(6):283-290. Published online November 7, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.10.17

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Abstract PDF

Cervical cancer screening during pregnancy presents unique challenges for cytologic interpretation. This review focuses on pregnancy-associated cytomorphological changes and their impact on diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. Pregnancy-induced alterations include navicular cells, hyperplastic endocervical cells, immature metaplastic cells, and occasional decidual cells or trophoblasts. These changes can mimic abnormalities such as koilocytosis, adenocarcinoma in situ, and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, potentially leading to misdiagnosis. Careful attention to nuclear features and awareness of pregnancy-related changes are crucial for correct interpretation. The natural history of CIN during pregnancy shows higher regression rates, particularly for CIN 2, with minimal risk of progression. Management of abnormal cytology follows modified risk-based guidelines to avoid invasive procedures, with treatment typically deferred until postpartum. The findings reported in this review emphasize the importance of considering pregnancy status in cytological interpretation, highlight potential problems, and provide guidance on differentiating benign pregnancy-related changes from true abnormalities. Understanding these nuances is essential for accurate diagnosis and proper management of cervical abnormalities in pregnant women.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

HPV in Pregnancy: Implications for Screening, Vaccination, and Maternal–Fetal Health
Suman Kumar, Swati, Swati Salila, Akanksha Raj, Pratima Gupta, Neha Sharad, Nidhi Chaudhary
Journal of Pregnancy.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
The significance of biological samples from pregnant women in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Xue Mi, Maharjan Rashmi, Zangyu Pan, Di Wu, Jinwei Miao
Frontiers in Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Oncologic and pregnancy outcomes of cervical high-grade intraepithelial lesions and delivery mode
Olga P. Matylevich, Ilya A. Tarasau, Sviatlana Y. Shelkovich, Aliaksandr F. Martsinkevich
Academia Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

The Asian Thyroid Working Group, from 2017 to 2023: Kennichi Kakudo, Chan Kwon Jung, Zhiyan Liu, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Andrey Bychkov, Huy Gia Vuong, Somboon Keelawat, Radhika Srinivasan, Jen-Fan Hang, Chiung-Ru Lai; J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(6):289-304. Published online November 14, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.10.04

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

The Asian Thyroid Working Group was founded in 2017 at the 12th Asia Oceania Thyroid Association (AOTA) Congress in Busan, Korea. This group activity aims to characterize Asian thyroid nodule practice and establish strict diagnostic criteria for thyroid carcinomas, a reporting system for thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology without the aid of gene panel tests, and new clinical guidelines appropriate to conservative Asian thyroid nodule practice based on scientific evidence obtained from Asian patient cohorts. Asian thyroid nodule practice is usually designed for patient-centered clinical practice, which is based on the Hippocratic Oath, “First do not harm patients,” and an oriental filial piety “Do not harm one’s own body because it is a precious gift from parents,” which is remote from defensive medical practice in the West where physicians, including pathologists, suffer from severe malpractice climate. Furthermore, Asian practice emphasizes the importance of resource management in navigating the overdiagnosis of low-risk thyroid carcinomas. This article summarizes the Asian Thyroid Working Group activities in the past 7 years, from 2017 to 2023, highlighting the diversity of thyroid nodule practice between Asia and the West and the background reasons why Asian clinicians and pathologists modified Western systems significantly.

Citations

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Performance of Two‐Tiered Subclassification of Atypia of Undetermined Significance in Thyroid Fine‐Needle Aspiration Without Routine Molecular Testing
Pocholo D. Santos, Chiung‐Ru Lai, Jen‐Fan Hang
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2026; 54(2): 78. CrossRef
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Sang Yi Moon, Minkook Son, Jung-Hwan Cho, Hye In Kim, Ji Min Han, Ji Cheol Bae, Sunghwan Suh
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Letter: “High Rates of Unnecessary Surgery for Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules in the Absence of Molecular Test and the Cost-Effectiveness of Utilizing Molecular Test in an Asian Population: A Decision Analysis” by Fung et al
Kennichi Kakudo, Andrey Bychkov, Jen-Fan Hang, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Somboon Keelawat, Zhiyan Liu, Radhika Srinivasan, Chan Kwon Jung
Thyroid®.2025; 35(5): 595. CrossRef
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Dorota Słowińska-Klencka, Bożena Popowicz, Joanna Duda-Szymańska, Mariusz Klencki
Cancers.2025; 17(8): 1365. CrossRef
Response to Kakudo et al.: “High Rates of Unnecessary Surgery for Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules in the Absence of Molecular Test and the Cost-Effectiveness of Utilizing Molecular Test in an Asian Population: A Decision Analysis”
Man Him Matrix Fung, Ching Tang, Gin Wai Kwok, Tin Ho Chan, Yan Luk, David Tak Wai Lui, Carlos King Ho Wong, Brian Hung Hin Lang
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Rita Luis, Balamurugan Thirunavukkarasu, Deepali Jain, Sule Canberk
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Maria Boudina, Eleana Zisimopoulou, Persefoni Xirou, Alexandra Chrisoulidou
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Original Article

Elevated expression of Axin2 in intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancers: Dong Hui Lee, In Ho Jeong, Bogun Jang; J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(6):315-322. Published online November 7, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.10.12

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Abstract PDF

Background
The Wnt signaling pathway regulates crucial cellular processes, including stem cell development and tissue repair. Dysregulation of this pathway, particularly β-catenin stabilization, is linked to colorectal carcinoma and other tumors. Axin2, a critical component in the pathway, plays a role in β-catenin regulation. This study examines Axin2 expression in normal gastric mucosa and various gastric pathologies.
Methods
Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples from normal stomach, gastritis, intestinal metaplasia (IM), and gastric carcinoma were collected. Axin2 and β-catenin expression were evaluated using RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Histo-scores (H-scores) were calculated to quantify expression levels of Axin2. Associations between Axin2 expression and clinicopathological variables were examined.
Results
Axin2 expression was examined in normal stomach, gastritis, and IM tissues. Axin2 expression was mainly observed in the surface and isthmus areas in the normal stomach and gastritis, whereas Axin2 expression was markedly higher at the bases of IM. Axin2 H-scores were significantly elevated in IM (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 87.0 ± 38.9) compared to normal (mean ± SD, 18.0 ± 4.5) and gastritis tissues (mean ± SD, 33.0 ± 18.6). In total, 30% of gastric carcinomas showed higher Axin2 expression. Axin2 expression did not have significant associations with age, sex, Lauren classification, histological differentiation, invasion depth, and lymph node metastasis. However, a strong positive correlation was observed between Axin2 and nuclear β-catenin in gastric carcinomas (p < .001).
Conclusions
Axin2 expression was significantly increased in IM compared to normal and gastritis cases. In addition, Axin2 showed a strong positive association with nuclear β-catenin expression in gastric carcinomas, demonstrating a close relationship with abnormal Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Citations

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A review of potential mechanisms and treatments of gastric intestinal metaplasia
Yueyao Wu, Kehan Zhang, Yichao Zheng, Haifeng Jin
European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2025; 37(4): 383. CrossRef
Refining NTRK Fusion Detection in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Through Pan-TRK Immunohistochemistry and Histopathologic Features
Hyun Lee, Sue Youn Kim, Ji Min Park, Seung-Hyun Jung, Ozgur Mete, Chan Kwon Jung
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Review

Trouble-makers in cytologic interpretation of the uterine cervix: Eunah Shin, Jaeeun Yu, Soon Won Hong; J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(3):139-146. Published online May 15, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.04.25

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Abstract PDF

The development and standardization of cytologic screening of the uterine cervix has dramatically decreased the prevalence of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Advances in the understanding of biology of human papillomavirus have contributed to upgrading the histologic diagnosis of the uterine cervix; however, cytologic screening that should triage those that need further management still poses several difficulties in interpretation. Cytologic features of high grade intraepithelial squamous lesion (HSIL) mimics including atrophy, immature metaplasia, and transitional metaplasia, and glandular lesion masquerades including tubal metaplasia and HSIL with glandular involvement are described with accentuation mainly on the differential points. When the cytologic features lie in a gray zone between the differentials, the most important key to the more accurate interpretation is sticking to the very basics of cytology; screening the background and cellular architecture, and then scrutinizing the nuclear and cytoplasmic details.

Citations

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Risk of cervical stenosis after cervical excision in postmenopausal patients
Eva Hauge, Line Winther Gustafson, Mette Tranberg, Pinar Bor
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Pitfalls in Gynecological Cytology: Review of the Common and Less Frequent Entities in Pap Test
Danijela Vrdoljak-Mozetič, Snježana Štemberger-Papić, Damjana Verša Ostojić, Roberta Rubeša, Marko Klarić, Senija Eminović
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Cytological features of human papillomavirus‐infected immature squamous metaplastic cells from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2
Mitsuaki Okodo, Kaori Okayama, Koji Teruya, Ruku Shinohara, Shuichi Mizuno, Rei Settsu, Yasuyoshi Ishii, Masahiko Fujii, Hirokazu Kimura, Mizue Oda
Journal of Medical Virology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Article

Evaluation of the characteristics of multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) infections identified using the BD Onclarity HPV assay and comparison with those of single HPV infection: Jinhee Kim, Moonsik Kim, Ji Young Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(5):289-293. Published online September 13, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.08.02

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major cause of cervical cancer and associated precursor lesions. Multiple HPV genotype infections have been reported. However, their clinicopathological characteristics still remain elusive.
Methods
For this study, 814 consecutive patients who had undergone colposcopy and HPV genotyping test using BD Onclarity HPV assay were retrospectively selected. Clinicopathological parameters of multiple HPV infections were compared with those of single HPV infection.
Results
Multiple HPV infections were found in 110 out of 814 cases (13.5%). Multiple HPV infections were associated with a significantly higher incidence of high-grade intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) compared with single HPV infection. Other high-risk HPV genotypes, in addition to HPV 16, were found more frequently in the multiple HPV infections group; these included HPV 51, 52, 33/58, 56/59/66, and 35/39/68. No specific coinfection pattern was not identified. Additionally, the number of HPV genotypes in multiple HPV infections was not associated with the progression to HSIL or squamous cell carcinoma.
Conclusions
Multiple HPV infections have distinct clinicopathological characteristics (compared with single HPV infection). As their biological behavior is uncertain, close and frequent follow-up is warranted.

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Review

Non-conventional dysplastic subtypes in inflammatory bowel disease: a review of their diagnostic characteristics and potential clinical implications: Won-Tak Choi; J Pathol Transl Med. 2021;55(2):83-93. Published online March 9, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.02.17

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Abstract PDF

The early detection and grading of dysplasia is the current standard of care to minimize mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. With the development of advanced endoscopic resection techniques, colectomy is now reserved for patients with invisible/flat dysplasia (either high-grade [HGD] or multifocal low-grade dysplasia) or endoscopically unresectable lesions. Although most pathologists are familiar with the morphologic criteria of conventional (intestinal type) dysplasia, the most well-recognized form of dysplasia, an increasing number of diagnostic material has led to the recognition of several different morphologic patterns of epithelial dysplasia. The term “non-conventional” dysplasia has been coined to describe these changes, but to date, the recognition and full appreciation of these novel forms of dysplasia by practicing pathologists is uneven. The recognition of these non-conventional subtypes is becoming increasingly important, as some of them appear to have a higher risk of developing HGD or CRC than conventional dysplasia or sporadic adenomas. This review describes the morphologic characteristics of all seven non-conventional subtypes that have been reported to date as well as our current understanding of their clinicopathologic and molecular features that distinguish them from conventional dysplasia or sporadic adenomas.

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Increased histologic inflammation is an independent risk factor for nonconventional dysplasia in ulcerative colitis
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Case Study

Fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma with an unusual location in the rib: Sun-Ju Oh; J Pathol Transl Med. 2021;55(1):75-78. Published online December 3, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.10.08

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Abstract PDF

Fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma is a rare bone tumor, with fewer than 35 cases reported in the literature since 1984. This tumor usually occurs in the long bones of children and adolescents. In the current case, the tumor affected a rib. A 17-year-old boy presented with a mass in the right fifth rib. Radiologic findings revealed an osteolytic mass with cortical destruction and calcification; en bloc resection was performed. The tumor showed three distinct histologic features: bland spindle cell proliferation, benign cartilage nodules, and epiphyseal plate-like enchondral ossification. The pathologic diagnosis was fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma. The patient remains free of disease 1 year after the surgery. Pathological diagnosis of fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma can be challenging, especially when the tumor occurs in an unusual site. When any fibro-osseous lesion with a cartilaginous component is encountered, the possibility of fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma should be considered because of its locally aggressive behavior.

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Fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma: a case report and a literature review
A. A. Karyagina, V. Yu. Roshchin, I. V. Sidorov, D. M. Konovalov
Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology.2025; 23(3): 158. CrossRef
Fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma of the rib with atypical imaging features
Rashed Al-Khudairi, Danielle Forster, Sofina Begum, Alexandra Rice, Adrienne M Flanagan, Fernanda Amary, Paul O’Donnell
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Fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma of pelvis—a potential diagnostic pitfall
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Original Article

Indirect pathological indicators for cardiac sarcoidosis on endomyocardial biopsy: Myung-Jin Cha, Jeong-Wook Seo, Seil Oh, Eun-Ah Park, Sang-Han Lee, Moon Young Kim, Jae-Young Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(5):396-410. Published online July 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.06.10

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Background
The definitive pathologic diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis requires observation of a granuloma in the myocardial tissue. It is common, however, to receive a “negative” report for a clinically probable case. We would like to advise pathologists and clinicians on how to interpret “negative” biopsies.
Methods
Our study samples were 27 endomyocardial biopsies from 25 patients, three cardiac transplantation and an autopsied heart with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis. Pathologic, radiologic, and clinical features were compared.
Results
The presence of micro-granulomas or increased histiocytic infiltration was always (6/6 or 100%) associated with fatty infiltration and confluent fibrosis, and they showed radiological features of sarcoidosis. Three of five cases (60%) with fatty change and confluent fibrosis were probable for cardiac sarcoidosis on radiology. When either confluent fibrosis or fatty change was present, one-third (3/9) were radiologically probable for cardiac sarcoidosis. We interpreted cases with micro-granuloma as positive for cardiac sarcoidosis (five of 25, 20%). Cases with both confluent fibrosis and fatty change were interpreted as probable for cardiac sarcoidosis (seven of 25, 28%). Another 13 cases, including eight cases with either confluent fibrosis or fatty change, were interpreted as low probability based on endomyocardial biopsy.
Conclusions
The presence of micro-granuloma could be an evidence for positive diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. Presence of both confluent fibrosis and fatty change is necessary for probable cardiac sarcoidosis in the absence of granuloma. Either of confluent fibrosis or fatty change may be an indirect pathological evidence but they are interpreted as nonspecific findings.

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Review

Clinicopathological characteristics of BRCA-associated breast cancer in Asian patients: Eun-Kyu Kim, So Yeon Park, Sung-Won Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(4):265-275. Published online May 14, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.04.07

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Abstract PDF

BRCA1/2 germline mutations account for the majority of hereditary breast cancers. Since the identification of the BRCA genes, several attempts have been made to define the clinicopathological characteristics of BRCA-associated breast cancer in comparison with sporadic breast cancer. Asians constitute 60% of the world population, and although the incidence of breast cancer in Asia remains low compared to the West, breast cancer is the most prevalent female cancer in the region. The epidemiological aspects of breast cancer are different between Asians and Caucasians. Asian patients present with breast cancer at a younger age than Western patients. The contributions of BRCA1/2 mutations to breast cancer incidence are expected to differ between Asians and Caucasians, and the different genetic backgrounds among races are likely to influence the breast cancer phenotypes. However, most large-scale studies on the clinicopathological characteristics of BRCA-associated breast cancer have been on Western patients, while studies on Asian populations were small and sporadic. In this review, we provide an overview of the clinical and pathological characteristics of BRCA-associated breast cancer, incorporating findings on Asian patients.

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Case Studies

Morphologic variant of follicular lymphoma reminiscent of hyaline-vascular Castleman disease: Jiwon Koh, Yoon Kyung Jeon; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(3):253-257. Published online February 5, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.12.17

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Abstract PDF

Follicular lymphoma (FL) with hyaline-vascular Castleman disease (FL-HVCD)-like features is a rare morphologic variant, with fewer than 20 cases in the literature. Herein, we report a case of FL-HVCD in a 37-year-old female who presented with isolated neck lymph node enlargement. The excised lymph node showed features reminiscent of HVCD, including regressed germinal centers (GCs) surrounded by onion skin-like mantle zones, lollipop lesions composed of hyalinized blood vessels penetrating into regressed GCs, and hyalinized interfollicular stroma. In addition, focal areas of abnormally conglomerated GCs composed of homogeneous, small centrocytes with strong BCL2, CD10, and BCL6 expression were observed, indicating partial involvement of the FL. Several other lymphoid follicles showed features of in situ follicular neoplasia. Based on the observations, a diagnosis of FL-HVCD was made. Although FLHVCD is very rare, the possibility of this variant should be considered in cases resembling CD. Identification of abnormal, neoplastic follicles and ancillary immunostaining are helpful for proper diagnosis.

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Unicentric Castleman Disease: Illustration of Its Morphologic Spectrum and Review of the Differential Diagnosis
Siba El Hussein, Andrew G. Evans, Hong Fang, Wei Wang, L. Jeffrey Medeiros
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine.2024; 148(1): 99. CrossRef
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Hung-Yu Lin, Yi-Jen Peng, Yi-Ying Wu, Ping-Ying Chang
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Analysis of immunophenotypic features in hyaline vascular type Castleman disease
Yu Chang, Yu Ma, Chen Chang, Wensheng Li
Diagnostic Pathology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
In‐situ follicular neoplasia: a clinicopathological spectrum
Gurdip S Tamber, Myriam Chévarie‐Davis, Margaret Warner, Chantal Séguin, Carole Caron, René P Michel
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Squamous Metaplasia in Pleomorphic Adenoma: A Diagnostic and Prognostic Enigma: Swati Sharma, Monica Mehendiratta, Nivedita Chaudhary, Vineet Gupta, Maulshree Kohli, Anjana Arora; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(6):411-415. Published online October 1, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.07.15

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Abstract PDF

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign salivary gland tumor. Histologically, squamous metaplasia has been reported in PA, but has rarely been documented as being extensive enough to cause significant misdiagnosis. Here, we present an unusual case of PA in a 50-year-old female patient presenting with swelling on the postero-lateral aspect of the palate for a week. Histopathologically, the tumor exhibited the features of conventional PA with extensive squamous metaplasia and giant keratotic lamellae in cyst-like areas. Such exuberant squamous metaplasia and keratin can be a diagnostic and prognostic pitfall and lead to overtreatment of the patient.

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Siraj S. Najem, Elhoni Ashour, Rehab Elmaddani, Ali M. Elmurtadi
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CV Aiswarya, Raghunath Vandana, Kamal Firoz, Meda Samatha
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Anu Singh, Ravi Hari Phulware, Arvind Ahuja, Ankur Gupta, Manju Kaushal
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery.2022; 74(S2): 2132. CrossRef
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Joshua J. X. Li, Joanna K. M. Ng, Eric H. L. Lau, Amy B. W. Chan
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David A. Gaskin, Alain Reid, Pamela S. Gaskin
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E. Donohoe, R. Courtney, S. Phelan, P.J. McCann
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Original Article

Pulmonary Nodular Lymphoid Hyperplasia with Mass-Formation: Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Nine Cases and Review of the Literature: Jongmin Sim, Hyun Hee Koh, Sangjoon Choi, Jinah Chu, Tae Sung Kim, Hojoong Kim, Joungho Han; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(4):211-218. Published online June 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.04.27

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Abstract PDF

Background
Pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (PNLH) is a non-neoplastic pulmonary lymphoid disorder that can be mistaken for malignancy on radiography. Herein, we present nine cases of PNLH, emphasizing clinicoradiological findings and histological features.
Methods
We analyzed radiological and clinicopathological features from the electronic medical records of nine patients (eight females and one male) diagnosed with PNLH. IgG and IgG4 immunohistochemical staining was performed in three patients.
Results
Two of the nine patients had experienced tuberculosis 40 and 30 years prior, respectively. Interestingly, none were current smokers, although two were ex-smokers. Three patients complaining of persistent cough underwent computed tomography of the chest. PNLH was incidentally discovered in five patients during examination for other reasons. The remaining patient was diagnosed with the disease following treatment for pneumonia. Imaging studies revealed consolidation or a mass-like lesion in eight patients. First impressions included invasive adenocarcinoma and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue‒type lymphoma. Aspergillosis was suspected in the remaining patient based on radiological images. Resection was performed in all patients. Microscopically, the lesions consisted of nodular proliferation of reactive germinal centers accompanied by infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages in various degrees and surrounding fibrosis. Ultimately, all nine patients were diagnosed with PNLH and showed no evidence of recurrence on follow-up.
Conclusions
PNLH is an uncommon but distinct entity with a benign nature, and understanding the radiological and clinicopathological characteristics of PNLH is important.

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The diagnostic challenge of adenocarcinoma in pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia
Anita Savić Vuković, Melita Kukuljan, Morana Dinter, Ksenija Jurinović, Nives Jonjić
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Case Studies

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Arising in a Huge Hepatocellular Adenoma with Bone Marrow Metaplasia: Hyo Jeong Kang, Hui Jeong Jeong, So-Woon Kim, Eunsil Yu, Young-Joo Lee, So Yeon Kim, Jihun Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(4):226-231. Published online December 27, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.11.12

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Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is the most common type of benign liver tumor, and its major complication is malignant transformation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we report a case of HCC arising in HCA with bone marrow metaplasia in a 24-year-old Korean woman who presented with abdominal discomfort. A huge liver mass was found on abdominal ultrasonography. She underwent surgical hepatic resection, and the resected specimen was entirely involved by a 20-cm-sized tumor. Histological review revealed a well differentiated HCC arising from inflammatory HCA with β-catenin nuclear positivity and bone marrow metaplasia that contained hematopoietic cells. This case was unique because malignant transformation, inflammatory type HCA, β-catenin nuclear staining, and bone marrow metaplasia were simultaneously observed. Additionally, it should be noted that a large HCA with β-catenin activation can undergo malignant transformation and should be surgically resected in a timely manner.

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Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma Coexisting with Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
Hirotsugu Noguchi, Michiyo Higashi, Ryo Desaki, Takashi Tasaki, Mari Kirishima, Ikumi Kitazono, Kazuhiro Tabata, Akihide Tanimoto
International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2022; 30(3): 339. CrossRef
Spontaneous Occurrence of Various Types of Hepatocellular Adenoma in the Livers of Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Steatohepatitis Model TSOD Mice
Wenhua Shao, Orgil Jargalsaikhan, Mayuko Ichimura-Shimizu, Qinyi Cai, Hirohisa Ogawa, Yuko Miyakami, Kengo Atsumi, Mitsuru Tomita, Mitsuko Sutoh, Shunji Toyohara, Ryoji Hokao, Yasusei Kudo, Takeshi Oya, Koichi Tsuneyama
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(19): 11923. CrossRef
Bilateral Diffuse Nodular Pulmonary Ossification Mimicking Metastatic Disease in a Patient with Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Pattamon Sutthatarn, Cara E. Morin, Jessica Gartrell, Wayne L. Furman, Max R. Langham, Teresa Santiago, Andrew J. Murphy
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Malignant transformation of liver fatty acid binding protein-deficient hepatocellular adenomas: histopathologic spectrum of a rare phenomenon
Juan Putra, Linda D. Ferrell, Annette S.H. Gouw, Valerie Paradis, Arvind Rishi, Christine Sempoux, Charles Balabaud, Swan N. Thung, Paulette Bioulac-Sage
Modern Pathology.2020; 33(4): 665. CrossRef
Hepatocellular carcinoma arising from hepatic adenoma in a young woman
Haythem Yacoub, Hela Kchir, Dhouha Cherif, Hajer Hassine, Slim Haouet, Asma Ayari, Habiba Mizouni, Saber Mannai, Mohamed Tahar Khalfallah, Nadia Maamouri
Clinical Case Reports.2020; 8(9): 1659. CrossRef
Metanephric adenoma with osseous metaplasia and bone marrow elements
Alessandro Pietro Aldera, Jeff John, Dharshnee Chetty, Dhirendra Govender
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Multiple Neuroendocrine Tumors in Stomach and Duodenum in a Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 Patient: Bohyun Kim, Han-Kwang Yang, Woo Ho Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(2):126-129. Published online December 21, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.09.16

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A 67-year-old woman with a history of subtotal parathyroidectomy, distal pancreatectomy, and total splenectomy 23 years prior underwent surgical gastric resection for neuroendocrine tumors of the stomach and duodenum. Meticulous examination of the entire stomach and duodenum revealed multiple scattered, minute neuroendocrine tumors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a patient diagnosed with gastroduodenal neuroendocrine tumors associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) in whom complete histologic mapping of the whole gastrectomy specimen was performed. The presence of MEN 1–associated neuroendocrine tumors in the stomach is very rare, but should be considered in patients diagnosed with MEN 1 who present with a new tumor in the stomach.

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A Case of Asymptomatic Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type I with Thymic Carcinoid
Suk Ki Park, Moon Won Lee, In Sub Han, Young Joo Park, Sung Yong Han, Joon Woo Park, Bong Eun Lee, Gwang Ha Kim, Sang Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2019; 19(1): 65. CrossRef

Review

The Use of Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) Cytology in Patients with Thyroid Nodules in Asia: A Brief Overview of Studies from the Working Group of Asian Thyroid FNA Cytology: Chan Kwon Jung, SoonWon Hong, Andrey Bychkov, Kennichi Kakudo; J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(6):571-578. Published online October 27, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.10.19

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Abstract PDF

Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is the most widely used screening and diagnostic method for thyroid nodules. Although Western guidelines for managing thyroid nodules and the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology are widely available throughout Asia, the clinical practices in Asia vary from those of Western countries. Accordingly, the Working Group of Asian Thyroid FNA Cytology encouraged group members to publish their works jointly with the same topic. The articles in this special issue focused on the history of thyroid FNA, FNA performers and interpreters, training programs of cytopathologists and cytotechnicians, staining methods, the reporting system of thyroid FNA, quality assurance programs, ancillary testing, and literature review of their own country’s products. Herein, we provide a brief overview of thyroid FNA practices in China, India, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Thailand.

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Differentiating BRAF V600E- and RAS-like alterations in encapsulated follicular patterned tumors through histologic features: a validation study
Chankyung Kim, Shipra Agarwal, Andrey Bychkov, Jen-Fan Hang, Agnes Stephanie Harahap, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Kennichi Kakudo, Somboon Keelawat, Chih-Yi Liu, Zhiyan Liu, Truong Phan-Xuan Nguyen, Chanchal Rana, Huy Gia Vuong, Yun Zhu, Chan Kwon Jung
Virchows Archiv.2024; 484(4): 645. CrossRef
Fine needle aspiration cytology diagnoses of follicular thyroid carcinoma: results from a multicenter study in Asia
Hee Young Na, Miyoko Higuchi, Shinya Satoh, Kaori Kameyama, Chan Kwon Jung, Su-Jin Shin, Shipra Agarwal, Jen-Fan Hang, Yun Zhu, Zhiyan Liu, Andrey Bychkov, Kennichi Kakudo, So Yeon Park
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2024; 58(6): 331. CrossRef
Cytological evaluation of thyroid nodules in children and young adults: a multi-institutional experience
Chanchal Rana, Neha Nigam, Shipra Agarwal, Prabhakar Mishra, Akanksha Singh, Andrey Bychkov
Endocrine.2023; 80(3): 580. CrossRef
The Asian Thyroid Working Group, from 2017 to 2023
Kennichi Kakudo, Chan Kwon Jung, Zhiyan Liu, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Andrey Bychkov, Huy Gia Vuong, Somboon Keelawat, Radhika Srinivasan, Jen-Fan Hang, Chiung-Ru Lai
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(6): 289. CrossRef
Core Needle Biopsy in Suspicious Malignant Thyroid Nodules with Repeated Nondiagnostic Fine Needle Aspiration
Farrokh Heidari, Firouzeh Heidari, Mohammad Sadeq Najafi, Reza Ansari, Kayvan Aghazadeh, Saeed Sohrabpour, Ebrahim Karimi
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery.2022; 74(S2): 2071. CrossRef
Molecular Testing for Thyroid Nodules: The Experience at McGill University Teaching Hospitals in Canada
Mohannad Rajab, Richard J. Payne, Véronique-Isabelle Forest, Marc Pusztaszeri
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Cytologic diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma in the Asia‐Pacific region
Chih‐Yi Liu, Andrey Bychkov, Shipra Agarwal, Yun Zhu, Jen‐Fan Hang, Chiung‐Ru Lai, Hee Young Na, Weiwei Li, Zhiyan Liu, Deepali Jain, Ayana Suzuki, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Noel Chia, Min En Nga, Tikamporn Jitpasutham, Somboon Keelawat, So Yeon Park, Shinya S
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2021; 49(1): 60. CrossRef
Constitutive Cytomorphologic Features of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Using Different Staining Methods
Chih-Yi Liu, Chien-Chin Chen, Andrey Bychkov, Shipra Agarwal, Yun Zhu, Jen-Fan Hang, Chiung-Ru Lai, Hee Young Na, So Yeon Park, Weiwei Li, Zhiyan Liu, Deepali Jain, Ayana Suzuki, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Noel Chia, Min En Nga, Tikamporn Jitpasutham, Somboon K
Diagnostics.2021; 11(8): 1396. CrossRef
Molecular Correlates and Nuclear Features of Encapsulated Follicular-Patterned Thyroid Neoplasms
Chan Kwon Jung, Andrey Bychkov, Dong Eun Song, Jang-Hee Kim, Yun Zhu, Zhiyan Liu, Somboon Keelawat, Chiung-Ru Lai, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Kaori Kameyama, Kennichi Kakudo
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(1): 123. CrossRef
Clinical Outcome of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and Washout Thyroglobulin in Suspicious Lymph Nodes in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Discordant Results in Real-World Practice
Jeongmin Lee, Hye Lim Park, Kwanhoon Jo, Min-Hee Kim, Ja Seong Bae, Sohee Lee, Chan Kwon Jung, So-Lyung Jung, Dong-Jun Lim
International Journal of Thyroidology.2021; 14(1): 18. CrossRef
Fine-needle Aspiration Washout Precipitation Specimens: An Acceptable Supplement to Genetic Mutation Detection of Thyroid Nodules
Yongmei Cui, Xiangqi Huang, Jinrui Guo, Nana Zhang, Jing Liang, Yiwang Zhang, Yueting Liao, Dan He
Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Emerging Biomarkers in Thyroid Practice and Research
Shipra Agarwal, Andrey Bychkov, Chan-Kwon Jung
Cancers.2021; 14(1): 204. CrossRef
Differences in surgical resection rate and risk of malignancy in thyroid cytopathology practice between Western and Asian countries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Huy Gia Vuong, Hanh Thi Tuyet Ngo, Andrey Bychkov, Chan Kwon Jung, Trang Huyen Vu, Kim Bach Lu, Kennichi Kakudo, Tetsuo Kondo
Cancer Cytopathology.2020; 128(4): 238. CrossRef
Thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology in Taiwan: a nationwide survey and literature update
Chien-Chin Chen, Jen-Fan Hang, Chih-Yi Liu, Yeh-Han Wang, Chiung-Ru Lai
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2020; 54(5): 361. CrossRef
Pathological diagnosis of thyroid nodules based on core needle biopsies: comparative study between core needle biopsies and resected specimens in 578 cases
Yan Xiong, Limin Yan, Lin Nong, Yalin Zheng, Ting Li
Diagnostic Pathology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features in Asian Practice: Perspectives for Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology
Andrey Bychkov, Chan Kwon Jung, Zhiyan Liu, Kennichi Kakudo
Endocrine Pathology.2018; 29(3): 276. CrossRef
The History of Korean Thyroid Pathology
Soon Won Hong, Chan Kwon Jung
International Journal of Thyroidology.2018; 11(1): 15. CrossRef
The Usefulness of Immunocytochemistry of CD56 in Determining Malignancy from Indeterminate Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology
Hyunseo Cha, Ju Yeon Pyo, Soon Won Hong
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2018; 52(6): 404. CrossRef
Recent Advances in Core Needle Biopsy for Thyroid Nodules
Chan Kwon Jung, Jung Hwan Baek
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017; 32(4): 407. CrossRef

Case Studies

Thymoma and Synchronous Primary Mediastinal Seminomas with Florid Follicular Lymphoid Hyperplasia in the Anterior Mediastinum: A Case Report and Review of the Literature: Hyang-im Lee, In-seok Jang, Kyung Nyeo Jeon, Gyung Hyuck Ko, Jong Sil Lee, Dong Chul Kim, Dae Hyun Song, Jeong-Hee Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(2):165-170. Published online February 2, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.08.24

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Abstract PDF

Thymoma is the most common neoplasm of the anterior mediastinum and has malignant potential. Germ cell tumors (GCTs) found in the anterior mediastinum are usually benign, and malignant GCTs, such as seminomas, are rare. Histologically, mediastinal seminoma is indistinguishable from testicular seminoma except for site-associated morphological features such as lymphoid follicular hyperplasia. Therefore, excluding metastasis is very important. Recently, we treated a young adult patient with multiple thymic masses that occurred simultaneously. The patient underwent a thymectomy for the removal of the mediastinal masses, one of which was diagnosed as type B2 invasive thymoma, and two of which were diagnosed as primary mediastinal seminomas with massive follicular hyperplasia. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a thymoma and a mediastinal seminoma occurring simultaneously in the thymus. We present this case along with a literature review.

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Primary germ cell tumours of the mediastinum: A review with emphasis on diagnostic challenges
Alexander Fichtner, Alexander Marx, Philipp Ströbel, Felix Bremmer
Histopathology.2024; 84(1): 216. CrossRef
Combined type A thymoma and yolk sac tumour of the mediastinum
Dong Sheng, Yu-Chen Han
Pathology.2024; 56(6): 927. CrossRef
Combined Thymic Epithelial Neoplasms – a Review
Annikka Weissferdt
International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2023; 31(6): 917. CrossRef
Primary mediastinal seminoma presenting with paraneoplastic anti-Hu encephalitis: a case report and literature review
Chelsey M. Williams, Derek B. Allison, Adam B. Coleman, Roshmita Bardhan, Jordan D. Miller, Zin W. Myint
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Primary mediastinal seminoma with florid follicular lymphoid hyperplasia: a case report and review of the literature
Charlotte Holmes, Peh Sun Loo, Sion Barnard
Diagnostic Pathology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

A Pyloric Gland-Phenotype Ovarian Mucinous Tumor Resembling Lobular Endocervical Glandular Hyperplasia in a Patient with Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: Eun Na Kim, Gu-Hwan Kim, Jiyoon Kim, In Ah Park, Jin Ho Shin, Yun Chai, Kyu-Rae Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(2):159-164. Published online August 22, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.07.01

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Abstract PDF

We describe an ovarian mucinous neoplasm that histologically resembles lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) containing pyloric gland type mucin in a patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS). Although ovarian mucinous tumors rarely occur in PJS patients, their pyloric gland phenotype has not been clearly determined. The histopathologic features of the ovarian mucinous tumor were reminiscent of LEGH. The cytoplasmic mucin was stained with periodic acid-Schiff reaction after diastase treatment but was negative for Alcian blue pH 2.5, suggesting the presence of neutral mucin. Immunohistochemically, the epithelium expressed various gastric markers, including MUC6, HIK1083, and carbonic anhydrase-IX. Multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification detected a germline heterozygous deletion mutation at exons 1–7 of the STK11 gene (c.1-?_920+?del) in peripheral blood leukocytes and mosaic loss of heterozygosity in ovarian tumor tissue. Considering that LEGH and/or gastric-type cervical adenocarcinoma can be found in patients with PJS carrying germline and/or somatic STK11 mutations, our case indicates that STK11 mutations have an important role in the proliferation of pyloric-phenotype mucinous epithelium at various anatomical locations.

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Molecular evidence of a clonal relationship of synchronous/multifocal gastric‐type lesions of the female genital tract
Min Shi, Hong Yang, Fang Zhang, Ting Hou, Huageng Huang, Yi Lu, Yehan Zhou, Ting Lan, Juan Ji, Jun Hou, Chengmin Zhou, Zhou Zhang, Sheng Qin, Zongyao Huang, Yang Liu
The Journal of Pathology.2026; 268(1): 27. CrossRef
Serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11) associated adnexal tumors: from biology to therapeutic impact
Guanxiang Huang, Wenyu Lin, Tingting Jiang, Yuanjun Cai, Chengbin Lin, Pengming Sun
Human Genomics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Novel ultrasound features and diagnostic clues of gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma: a case series
Liwen Yang, Yangyang Wang, Jian Cai, Ying Xiong, Juan Li, Qi Zhou, Nan Ye, Hua Lai, Tianjiao Liu, Liuying Zhou
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Ovarian Mucinous Tumor Presenting Atypical Lobular Endocervical Glandular Hyperplasia-Like Appearance in a Patient With Germline STK11 p.F354L Variant: A Case Report
Hiroshi Yoshida, Kengo Hiranuma, Mariko Nakahara, Mayumi Kobayashi-Kato, Yasuhito Tanase, Masaya Uno, Kouya Shiraishi, Mitsuya Ishikawa, Tomoyasu Kato
International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2024; 32(2): 394. CrossRef
Preoperative multimodal ultrasonic imaging in a case of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome complicated by atypical lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia: a case report and literature review
Liwen Yang, Duan Duan, Ying Xiong, Tianjiao Liu, Lijun Zhao, Fan Lai, Dingxian Gu, Liuying Zhou
Hereditary Cancer in Clinical Practice.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Gastric‐type glandular lesions of the female genital tract excluding the cervix: emerging pathological entities
Richard W‐C Wong, Karen L Talia, W Glenn McCluggage
Histopathology.2024; 85(1): 20. CrossRef
Gastric-phenotype Mucinous Carcinoma of the Fallopian Tube with Secondary Ovarian Involvement in a Woman with Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: A Case Report
Mónica Bronte Anaut, Javier Arredondo Montero, Maria Pilar Fernández Seara, Rosa Guarch Troyas
International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2023; 31(1): 92. CrossRef
Molecular characterization of gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma using next-generation sequencing
Swati Garg, Teddy S. Nagaria, Blaise Clarke, Orit Freedman, Zanobia Khan, Joerg Schwock, Marcus Q. Bernardini, Amit M. Oza, Kathy Han, Adam C. Smith, Tracy L. Stockley, Marjan Rouzbahman
Modern Pathology.2019; 32(12): 1823. CrossRef
The developing spectrum of gastric-type cervical glandular lesions
Karen L. Talia, W. Glenn McCluggage
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Original Article

Clinical Significance of an HPV DNA Chip Test with Emphasis on HPV-16 and/or HPV-18 Detection in Korean Gynecological Patients: Min-Kyung Yeo, Ahwon Lee, Soo Young Hur, Jong Sup Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(4):294-299. Published online June 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.05.09

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Abstract PDF

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major risk factor for cervical cancer.
Methods
We evaluated the clinical significance of the HPV DNA chip genotyping assay (MyHPV chip, Mygene Co.) compared with the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) chemiluminescent nucleic acid hybridization kit (Digene Corp.) in 867 patients.
Results
The concordance rate between the MyHPV chip and HC2 was 79.4% (kappa coefficient, κ = 0.55). The sensitivity and specificity of both HPV tests were very similar (approximately 85% and 50%, respectively). The addition of HPV result (either MyHPV chip or HC2) to cytology improved the sensitivity (95%, each) but reduced the specificity (approximately 30%, each) compared with the HPV test or cytology alone. Based on the MyHPV chip results, the odds ratio (OR) for ≥ high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) was 9.9 in the HPV-16/18 (+) group and 3.7 in the non-16/18 high-risk (HR)-HPV (+) group. Based on the HC2 results, the OR for ≥ HSILs was 5.9 in the HR-HPV (+) group. When considering only patients with cytological diagnoses of “negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy” and “atypical squamous cell or atypical glandular cell,” based on the MyHPV chip results, the ORs for ≥ HSILs were 6.8 and 11.7, respectively, in the HPV-16/18 (+) group.
Conclusions
The sensitivity and specificity of the MyHPV chip test are similar to the HC2. Detecting HPV-16/18 with an HPV DNA chip test, which is commonly used in many Asian countries, is useful in assessing the risk of high-grade cervical lesions.

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Human papilloma virus identification in ocular surface squamous neoplasia by p16 immunohistochemistry and DNA chip test
Tina Shrestha, Won Choi, Ga Eon Kim, Jee Myung Yang, Kyung Chul Yoon
Medicine.2019; 98(2): e13944. CrossRef
Comparison of the PANArray HPV Genotyping Chip Test with the Cobas 4800 HPV and Hybrid Capture 2 Tests for Detection of HPV in ASCUS Women
Eun Young Ki, Yoon Kyung Lee, Ahwon Lee, Jong Sup Park
Yonsei Medical Journal.2018; 59(5): 662. CrossRef

Case Study

An Adult Case of Bartter Syndrome Type III Presenting with Proteinuria: Eun Jung Cha, Won Min Hwang, Sung-Ro Yun, Moon Hyang Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(2):160-164. Published online January 11, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.08.31

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Abstract PDF

Bartter syndrome (BS) I–IV is a rare autosomal recessive disorder affecting salt reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This report highlights clinicopathological findings and genetic studies of classic BS in a 22-year-old female patient who presented with persistent mild proteinuria for 2 years. A renal biopsy demonstrated a mild to moderate increase in the mesangial cells and matrix of most glomeruli, along with marked juxtaglomerular cell hyperplasia. These findings suggested BS associated with mild IgA nephropathy. Focal tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and lymphocytic infiltration were also observed. A genetic study of the patient and her parents revealed a mutation of the CLCNKB genes. The patient was diagnosed with BS, type III. This case represents an atypical presentation of classic BS in an adult patient. Pathologic findings of renal biopsy combined with genetic analysis and clinicolaboratory findings are important in making an accurate diagnosis.

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Hamdah Hanifa, Yumna Al-Badareen, Malak Mbarak Al-Refaai, Nafeaa M Ganama, Mohammad Sameeh Alabrash, Basil Alsaleh
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Yemei He, Yue Zhou, Weihua Wu, Yue Chen, Santao Ou
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Bartter’s syndrome: clinical findings, genetic causes and therapeutic approach
Flavia Cristina Carvalho Mrad, Sílvia Bouissou Morais Soares, Luiz Alberto Wanderley de Menezes Silva, Pedro Versiani dos Anjos Menezes, Ana Cristina Simões-e-Silva
World Journal of Pediatrics.2021; 17(1): 31. CrossRef
Association of Adult-Onset Bartter Syndrome With Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disorder
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Noreen Nasir, Deepali Mohanty, Arun Kumar Pande, Dhanita Khanna, Kavita Vishvakarma, Latika Gupta
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A novel mutation associated with Type�III Bartter syndrome: A report of five cases
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Pathophysiology of antenatal Bartterʼs syndrome
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Original Articles

Distribution of Human Papillomavirus 52 and 58 Genotypes, and Their Expression of p16 and p53 in Cervical Neoplasia: Tae Eun Kim, Hwal Woong Kim, Kyung Eun Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(1):24-29. Published online February 25, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.1.24

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Abstract PDF

Background

This study investigates the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) 52 and 58 genotypes among women residing in Busan, and the expression of p16 and p53 proteins in cervical neoplasia with HPV 52 and 58 infections.

Methods

A total of three hundred fifteen cases were analyzed using the HPV DNA chip test for HPV genotypes, and of these, we retrospectively examined p16 and p53 expression in 62 cases of cervical tissues infected with HPV 52 and 58 using immunohistochemistry.

Results

HPV 52 and 58 genotypes were identified in 62 (54.9%) out of 113 high-risk, HPV-infected cases. Of the cases examined, there were 19 single HPV 52 infections (16.8%), 23 single HPV 58 infections (20.4%), 4 multiple HPV 52 infections (3.5%), and 16 multiple HPV-58 infections (14.2%). Immunoreactivity of p16 and p53 was observed in 41 (66.1%) and 23 (37.1%) of the 62 cases of cervical neoplasia infected with HPV 52 and 58 genotypes, respectively.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a high prevalence of HPV 52 and 58 genotypes, in addition to HPV 16, among high-risk strains of cervical neoplasia in Korea. These findings suggest that development of more vaccines would be beneficial for the prevention of the various HPV genotypes.

Citations

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Screening for High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Reveals HPV52 and HPV58 among Pediatric and Adult Patient Saliva Samples
Hunter Hinton, Lorena Herrera, Sofia Valenzuela, Katherine M. Howard, Karl Kingsley
Dentistry Journal.2024; 12(3): 56. CrossRef
Usefulness Analysis of Urine Samples for Early Screening of Human Papilloma Virus Infection
Yoon Sung Choi, Hyunwoo Jin, Kyung Eun Lee
Journal of Cancer Prevention.2019; 24(4): 240. CrossRef
Relationship between Expression of P16 and Ki-67 and Persistent Infection of HPV in Cervical Carcinoma Patients
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Advances in Clinical Medicine.2018; 08(08): 776. CrossRef
Analysis of Sequence Variation and Risk Association of Human Papillomavirus 52 Variants Circulating in Korea
Youn Jin Choi, Eun Young Ki, Chuqing Zhang, Wendy C. S. Ho, Sung-Jong Lee, Min Jin Jeong, Paul K. S. Chan, Jong Sup Park, Xuefeng Liu
PLOS ONE.2016; 11(12): e0168178. CrossRef

Usual Interstitial Pneumonia with Lung Cancer: Clinicopathological Analysis of 43 Cases: Dae Hyun Song, In Ho Choi, Sang Yun Ha, Kang Min Han, Jae Jun Lee, Min Eui Hong, Kyeongman Jeon, Man Pyo Chung, Jhingook Kim, Joungho Han; Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(1):10-16. Published online February 25, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.1.10

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Abstract PDF

Background

Previous studies have suggested an association between usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and lung cancer (Ca). However, clinical and histological information is not enough to determine such an association, due to the low incidence and short survival time of patients with both conditions.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and histological records of Ca patients with UIP between January 1999 and August 2013 at the Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. We found 43 patients who had Ca with UIP (UIP-Ca). Previously reported data of eighty-four patients with UIP-only were included as a comparison group.

Results

Smoking is related to poor prognosis in patients with UIP-Ca, and the number of patients with a high smoking index of more than 30 pack-years significantly increased in UIP-Ca patients compared with UIP-only patients. There is no significant prognostic differentiation between UIP-Ca patients and UIP-only patients. Microscopically, UIP-Ca patients showed characteristically heterogeneous histological patterns and degrees of differentiation. There were many foci of squamous metaplasia or dysplasia at the peripheral area of squamous cell carcinomas.

Conclusions

We report 43 cases of UIP-Ca. Our results suggest that smoking is related to cancer occurrence in UIP patients and poor prognosis in UIP-Ca patients.

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Case Study

Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor with Osseous Component of the Small Bowel Mesentery: A Case Study: Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu, Chang Hwan Choi, Lucia Kim, Suk Jin Choi, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Kyung Rae Kim, Yoon-La Choi, Taeeun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(1):77-81. Published online February 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.1.77

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Abstract PDF

A case of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the small bowel mesentery with osseous component is reported. A 23-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of acute severe abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a large solid and cystic, oval shaped mass, measuring 11.0×6.0 cm in the pelvic cavity. Histologically the resected lesion consisted of sheets of undifferentiated small round cells forming Homer-Wright rosettes and perivascular pseudorosettes, and showed areas of osteoid and bone formation. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that tumor cells expressed positivity against CD99 (MIC2), CD57, neuron-specific enolase, and vimentin. Fluorescence in situ hybridization study revealed Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) gene rearrangement on chromosome 22q12. To the authors' knowledge this is the first documentation of a peripheral neuroectodermal tumor with osteoid and bone formation of the small bowel mesentery.

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Case Report

Castleman's Disease of the Renal Sinus Presenting as a Urothelial Malignancy: A Brief Case Report: Se Min Jang, Hulin Han, Ki-Seok Jang, Young Jin Jun, Tchun Yong Lee, Seung Sam Paik; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(5):503-506. Published online October 25, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.5.503

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Abstract PDF

Castleman's disease is a rare benign lymphoproliferative disorder that frequently affects lymph nodes of the mediastinal thorax and the neck. It very rarely affects the renal sinus. We report a case of Castleman's disease arising in the renal sinus in a 64-year-old man. The patient visited the hospital with the chief complaint of hematuria. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a homogeneous mass in the sinus of the left kidney, radiologically interpreted as a malignant urothelial tumor. Subsequently, nephroureterectomy was performed, after which microscopic examination of the specimen revealed a diffuse lymphoproliferative lesion with reactive lymphoid follicles of various sizes and prominent plasma cell infiltration of interfollicular spaces, highlighted by immunohistochemical staining for CD138. The lesion was diagnosed as Castleman's disease of the plasma cell type. Although preoperative diagnosis of Castleman's disease is difficult and the incidence is exceedingly rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of renal sinus tumors.

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Original Article

Expressions of E-cadherin, Cortactin and MMP-9 in Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Their Relationships with Clinicopathologic Factors and Prognostic Implication: Tack Kune You, Kyoung Min Kim, Sang Jae Noh, Jun Sang Bae, Kyu Yun Jang, Myoung Ja Chung, Woo Sung Moon, Myoung Jae Kang, Dong Geun Lee, Ho Sung Park; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(4):331-340. Published online August 23, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.4.331

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Abstract PDF

Background

E-cadherin, cortactin, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 have roles in tumor development or progression, but their expression has not been fully investigated in pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck.

Methods

We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin, cortactin, and MMP-9 in 29 cases of PEH and 97 cases of SCC. Additionally, we evaluated their relationship with clinicopathologic factors and prognostic implications in SCC.

Results

Thirty-five cases of SCC showed reduced expression of E-cadherin, whereas none of the PEH did. A total of 20 cases and 11 cases of SCC were immunoreactive for cortactin and MMP-9, respectively, whereas none of the PEH did. In SCC, reduced expression of E-cadherin was correlated with cortactin expression and invasion depth. Cortactin expression was correlated with differentiation, T classification, and recurrence and/or metastasis. MMP-9 expression was correlated with invasion depth. Cortactin expression was correlated with poor overall survival and relapse-free survival and it was an independent prognostic factor.

Conclusions

The reduced expression of E-cadherin and the expression of cortactin may be helpful for the differential diagnosis of PEH and SCC. Furthermore, cortactin expression in association with reduced E-cadherin expression is correlated with poor prognosis in SCC.

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Case Report

Melanotic Oncocytic Metaplasia of the Nasopharynx: A Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature: Joo Young Na, Yeong Hui Kim, Yoo Duk Choi, Ji Shin Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(2):201-204. Published online April 25, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.2.201

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Abstract PDF

Melanotic oncocytic metaplasia of the nasopharynx is a rare condition which is characterized by the presence of usually a small, brown to black colored pigmented lesion around the Eustachian tube opening. Although it is a benign lesion, it may be clinically misdiagnosed as malignant melanoma. Microscopically, melanotic oncocytic metaplasia is a combination of oncocytic metaplasia of the epithelium of the gland and melanin pigmentation in its cytoplasm. In our present study, we report three cases of melanotic oncocytic metaplasia of the nasopharynx. All the three cases occurred in men and were presented as multiple black pigmented lesions around the torus tubarius. Microscopically, mucous glands with diffuse oncocytic metaplasia and numerous black pigments were observed. No cellular atypia was observed. Immunohistochemically, the scattering of S-100 protein-positive, and human melanoma black 45-negative dendritic melanocytes was evident. This is the first report of cases of melanotic oncocytic metaplasia of the nasopharynx in Korea.

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Original Article

Difference of Genome-Wide Copy Number Alterations between High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions and Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Uterine Cervix: Bum Hee Lee, Sangyoung Roh, Yu Im Kim, Ahwon Lee, Su Young Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(2):123-130. Published online April 25, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.2.123

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Abstract PDF

Background

About 10% of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) progress to invasive carcinomas within 2-10 years. By delineating the events that occur in the early stage of the invasion, the pathogenesis of cervical cancer could be better understood. This will also propose the possible methods for inhibiting the tumor invasion and improving the survival of patients.

Methods

We compared the genomic profiles between the HSIL and the invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) using an array comparative genomic hybridization. Using recurrently altered genes, we performed a principal component analysis to see variation of samples in both groups. To find possibly affected pathways by altered genes, we analyzed genomic profiles with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database and GOEAST software.

Results

We found 11q12.3 and 2p24.1 regions have recurrent copy number gains in both groups. 16p12-13 and 20q11-13 regions showed an increased copy number only in cases of HSIL. 1q25.3 and 3q23-29 regions showed copy number gains only in cases of SCC. Altered genes in the SCC group were related to the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and the RNA transport. Altered genes in the HSIL group were related to the ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and cell adhesion molecules.

Conclusions

Our results showed not only that gains in 11q12.3 and 2p24.1 were early events occurring in the premalignant lesions and then maintained in cases of SCC but also that gains in 1q25.3 and 3q23-29 were late events occurring after invasion in those of SCC.

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Cytokeratin and protein expression patterns in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity provide evidence for two distinct pathogenetic pathways
GESCHE FROHWITTER, HORST BUERGER, PAUL J. VAN DIEST, EBERHARD KORSCHING, JOHANNES KLEINHEINZ, THOMAS FILLIES
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Case Reports

Metaplastic Thymoma: Report of 4 Cases: Guhyun Kang, Nara Yoon, Joungho Han, Young Eun Kim, Tae Sung Kim, Kwhanmien Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(1):92-95. Published online February 23, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.1.92

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Abstract PDF

Metaplastic thymoma (MT), accepted in the World Health Organization 2004 scheme, is a circumscribed tumor of the thymus exhibiting biphasic morphology. We herein describe the clinicopathologic features of four MTs and the differential diagnoses of this unusual tumor. There were three women and one man with mean age of 49.5 years. The patients were found to have mediastinal masses, and underwent surgical excision. One exhibited symptoms of myasthenia gravis, and the serum titer for anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody was positive. Grossly, the tumors were encapsulated, and showed vaguely multinodular, solid, tan-white to yellow cut surfaces. Histologically, they comprised epithelial islands intertwining with bundles of delicate spindle cells. The patients remained well after surgical excision at 5-55 months. Because of the distinctive histological appearance and benign clinical course, MT should be distinguished from other more aggressive mediastinal neoplasms displaying biphasic feature.

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Hyaline Vascular Castleman Disease Involving Renal Parenchyma and a Lymph Node: A Case Report: Ji Hyun Kwon, Soo Kee Min, Mi Kyung Shin, Yong Seong Lee, Young-Goo Lee, Young Hyeh Ko; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(1):79-82. Published online February 23, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.1.79

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Abstract PDF

Castleman disease is a rare lymphoproliferative lesion that is predominantly found in the mediastinum. Retroperitoneal and pararenal localizations are very rare. We describe a 36-year-old man with a hyaline vascular type of Castleman disease involving renal parenchyma and a paraaortic lymph node. Most reported renal Castleman disease was plasma cell type with systemic symptoms. Herein, we report the first Korean case of the hyaline vascular type of Castleman disease involving the renal parenchyma and the paraaortic lymph node simultaneously.

Citations

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Hiding in the kidney: a series of 13 lymphoid proliferations clinically mimicking renal carcinoma
Jihoon William Lee, Marie E. Perrone, Daniel E. Sabath, Daniel W. Lin, George R. Schade, Funda Vakar-Lopez, Maria Tretiakova
Virchows Archiv.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Primary hyaline vascular Castleman disease in the kidney: a report and brief literature review
Ibrahim Elsharawi, Sorin Selegean
Journal of Hematopathology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Castleman Disease of the Kidney in Computed Tomography Urography
Kai Wang, Fengjuan Xing, Heng Ma, Wenjuan Li
Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews.2022; 18(1): 74. CrossRef
Primary hyaline vascular Castleman disease of the kidney: case report and literature review
Yunzhu Li, Haixia Zhao, Bingyin Su, Chan Yang, Shurong Li, Wanlei Fu
Diagnostic Pathology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Castleman’s Disease of the Kidney Mimicking Renal Cell Carcinoma on FDG PET/CT
Yang Wang, Aisheng Dong, Bo Yang, Jianping Lu
Clinical Nuclear Medicine.2018; 43(5): e160. CrossRef
Unicentric hyaline vascular type of castleman disease of the renal hilum with diagnostic dilemma: A case report and review of literature
AmitKumar Adhya, ManasRanjan Pradhan
Oncology Journal of India.2018; 2(4): 96. CrossRef

Original Article

The Ratio of Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia Foci to Core Numbers in Needle Biopsy: A Practical Index Predicting Breast Cancer in Subsequent Excision: Jeong-Ju Lee, Hee Jin Lee, Jun Kang, Jeong-Hyeon Jo, Gyungyub Gong; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(1):15-21. Published online February 23, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.1.15

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Abstract PDF

Background

Although core needle biopsy (CNB) is considered to be the standard technique for histological diagnosis of breast lesions, it is less reliable for diagnosing atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH). We therefore assessed the characteristics of CNB-diagnosed ADH that are more likely to be associated with more advanced lesions on subsequent surgical excision.

Methods

We retrospectively examined 239 consecutive CNBs, 127 of which were diagnosed as ADH following surgical excision, performed at Asan Medical Center between 1995 and 2010. Archival slides were analyzed for the number of cores per specimen, the number of ADH foci, and the ratio of ADH foci to number of cores (FC ratio).

Results

We found that ADH foci in 3 or more cores (p=0.003) and the presence of ADH in 3 or more foci (p=0.002) were correlated with malignancy following excision lesion. Moreover, an FC>1.1 was significantly associated with malignancy in the subsequent excision (p=0.000).

Conclusions

Including the number of ADH foci, the number of cores involved according to ADH, FC ratio, and histologic type in a pathology report of CNB may help in making clinical decisions about surgical excision.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Active Surveillance for Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia and Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Rachel Miceli, Cecilia L Mercado, Osvaldo Hernandez, Chloe Chhor
Journal of Breast Imaging.2023; 5(4): 396. CrossRef

Review

CpG Island Hypermethylation in Gastric Carcinoma and Its Premalignant Lesions: Gyeong Hoon Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(1):1-9. Published online February 23, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.1.1

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Abstract PDF

Gastric cancers arise through a multistep process characterized by the progressive accumulation of molecular alterations in which genetic and epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated. Gastric cancer is one of the human malignancies in which aberrant promoter CpG island hypermethylation is frequently found. Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus, which are known carcinogens for gastric cancer, are closely associated with enhanced hypermethylation of CpG island loci in gastric non-neoplastic epithelial cells and cancer cells, respectively. Aberrant CpG island hypermethylation occurs early in the multistep cascade of gastric carcinogenesis and tends to increase with the step-wise progression of the lesion. Approximately 400 genes that are actively expressed in normal gastric epithelial cells are estimated to be inactivated in gastric cancers as a result of promoter CpG island hypermethylation. In this review, a variety of information is summarized regarding CpG island hypermethylation in gastric cancer.

Citations

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Pathogenicity of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer
Shamshul Ansari, Nada Ahmed
World Journal of Clinical Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Genome-wide characterization of extrachromosomal circular DNA in gastric cancer and its potential role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression
Xianming Jiang, Xiaoguang Pan, Wenchao Li, Peng Han, Jiaying Yu, Jing Li, Haoran Zhang, Wei Lv, Ying Zhang, Yulong He, Xi Xiang
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of DNA methylation in endometrial biopsies to predict risk of endometrial cancer
Francesco Multinu, Jun Chen, Joseph D. Madison, Michelle Torres, Jvan Casarin, Daniel Visscher, Viji Shridhar, Jamie Bakkum-Gamez, Mark Sherman, Nicolas Wentzensen, Andrea Mariani, Marina Walther-Antonio
Gynecologic Oncology.2020; 156(3): 682. CrossRef
Helicobacter pylori severely reduces expression of DNA repair proteins PMS2 and ERCC1 in gastritis and gastric cancer
Yasir Raza, Ayaz Ahmed, Adnan Khan, Arif Ali Chishti, Syed Shakeel Akhter, Muhammad Mubarak, Carol Bernstein, Beryl Zaitlin, Shahana Urooj Kazmi
DNA Repair.2020; 89: 102836. CrossRef
Genomic and Epigenomic Profiling of High-Risk Intestinal Metaplasia Reveals Molecular Determinants of Progression to Gastric Cancer
Kie Kyon Huang, Kalpana Ramnarayanan, Feng Zhu, Supriya Srivastava, Chang Xu, Angie Lay Keng Tan, Minghui Lee, Suting Tay, Kakoli Das, Manjie Xing, Aliya Fatehullah, Syed Muhammad Fahmy Alkaff, Tony Kiat Hon Lim, Jonathan Lee, Khek Yu Ho, Steven George Ro
Cancer Cell.2018; 33(1): 137. CrossRef
Decreased Methylation of IFNAR Gene Promoter from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Is Associated with Oxidative Stress in Chronic Hepatitis B
Jing-wen Wang, Jing-wei Wang, Jun Zhang, Chen-si Wu, Yu Fang, Wei-wei Su, Yu-chen Fan, Kai Wang
Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research.2018; 38(11): 480. CrossRef
Genomic landscape of gastric cancer: molecular classification and potential targets
Jiawei Guo, Weiwei Yu, Hui Su, Xiufeng Pang
Science China Life Sciences.2017; 60(2): 126. CrossRef
Hypermethylation of the galectin-3 promoter is associated with poor prognosis of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure
Jing Zhao, Yu-Chen Fan, Xin-Yuan Liu, Ze-Hua Zhao, Feng Li, Kai Wang
Digestive and Liver Disease.2017; 49(6): 664. CrossRef
Proteomics-Based Identification and Analysis of Proteins Associated with Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Cancer
Jianjiang Zhou, Wenling Wang, Yuan Xie, Yan Zhao, Xian Chen, Wenjie Xu, Yan Wang, Zhizhong Guan, Hiromu Suzuki
PLOS ONE.2016; 11(1): e0146521. CrossRef
Lack of Correlation between Aberrant p16, RAR-β2, TIMP3, ERCC1, and BRCA1 Protein Expression and Promoter Methylation in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Accompanying Candida albicans-Induced Inflammation
Yui Terayama, Tetsuro Matsuura, Kiyokazu Ozaki, Javier S Castresana
PLOS ONE.2016; 11(7): e0159090. CrossRef
Helicobacter pylori CagA induces tumor suppressor gene hypermethylation by upregulating DNMT1 via AKT-NFκB pathway in gastric cancer development
Bao-gui Zhang, Lei Hu, Ming-de Zang, He-xiao Wang, Wei Zhao, Jian-fang Li, Li-ping Su, Zhifeng Shao, Xiaodong Zhao, Zheng-gang Zhu, Min Yan, Bingya Liu
Oncotarget.2016; 7(9): 9788. CrossRef
Promoter methylation status and expression of PPAR-γ gene are associated with prognosis of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure
Ze-Hua Zhao, Yu-Chen Fan, Qi Zhao, Cheng-Yun Dou, Xiang-Fen Ji, Jing Zhao, Shuai Gao, Xin-You Li, Kai Wang
Clinical Epigenetics.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Role of Epigenetics in EBV Regulation and Pathogenesis
Hans Helmut Niller, Zsófia Tarnai, Gábor Decsi, Ádám Zsedényi, Ferenc Bánáti, Janos Minarovits
Future Microbiology.2014; 9(6): 747. CrossRef
Helicobacter pylori Induces Hypermethylation of CpG Islands Through Upregulation of DNA Methyltransferase: Possible Involvement of Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species
Hye-Kyung Na, Jeong-Hwa Woo
Journal of Cancer Prevention.2014; 19(4): 259. CrossRef
Mallory–Denk Body (MDB) formation modulates ufmylation expression epigenetically in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Hui Liu, Ming Gong, Barbara A. French, Jun Li, Brittany Tillman, Samuel W. French
Experimental and Molecular Pathology.2014; 97(3): 477. CrossRef
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Role of p16 gene promoter methylation in gastric carcinogenesis: a meta-analysis
He-Ling Wang, Ping-Yi Zhou, Peng Liu, Yu Zhang
Molecular Biology Reports.2014; 41(7): 4481. CrossRef
Exportin 4 gene expression and DNA promoter methylation status in chronic hepatitis B virus infection
F. Zhang, Y.‐C. Fan, N.‐N Mu, J. Zhao, F.‐K. Sun, Z.‐H. Zhao, S. Gao, K. Wang
Journal of Viral Hepatitis.2014; 21(4): 241. CrossRef
Microarray-based DNA methylation study of Ewing’s sarcoma of the bone
HYE-RIM PARK, WOON-WON JUNG, HYUN-SOOK KIM, YONG-KOO PARK
Oncology Letters.2014; 8(4): 1613. CrossRef
Pathologic Diagnosis of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia
Nari Shin, Do Youn Park
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2013; 13(2): 84. CrossRef

Case Reports

Extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma Accompanied by Heavy Eosinophilic Infiltration and Peripheral Blood Eosinophilia, Involving Skeletal Muscles.: Jin Ho Paik, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Heounjeong Go, Chul Woo Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45:S70-S74.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.S1.S70

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Abstract PDF

The patient was a 52-year-old female with swelling in both lower legs and peripheral blood eosinophilia. Biopsy specimen revealed the heavy infiltration of eosinophils with sparse small lymphocytes showing mild atypia. The diagnosis was Kimura disease. The symptoms including eosinophilia were relieved by steroid treatment. At 17 months from initial biopsy, the patient developed swelling of the buttock. At 25 months, fever and dyspnea with multiple lung nodules developed. Wedge resection revealed multiple aggregates of CD3(+), CD56(+), Epstein-Barr virus(+) large atypical lymphocytes with necrosis. The patient was finally diagnosed with extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (NKTL). Epstein-Barr virus in situ hybridization retrospectively performed on the previous biopsies demonstrated Epstein-Barr virus infection in small CD3(+) lymphocytes. The patient expired after 26 months despite chemotherapy. Blood eosinophilia correlated well with disease activity during the clinical course. This case shows not only unusual histologic features, which hampered the correct diagnosis, but also a unique clinical manifestation of NKTL.

Citations

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A case of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma suspected to be focal myositis of the masseter muscle
Junya YAMASHITA, Daisuke TAKEDA, Tatsuya SHIRAI, Kaito URYU, Nanae YATAGAI, Masaya AKASHI
Japanese Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.2025; 71(1): 33. CrossRef
Muscular involvement of extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma misdiagnosed as polymyositis: A case report and review of literature
Li-Hui Liu, Qing Huang, Yun-Hai Liu, Jie Yang, Han Fu, Lin Jin
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2020; 8(5): 963. CrossRef
Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma with paraneoplastic eosinophilic myositis
Jayati Mallick, Jasmine Zain, Dennis D. Weisenburger
Human Pathology: Case Reports.2020; 21: 200391. CrossRef
Extranodal NK/T-cell Lymphoma Mimicking Granulomatous Myositis
Norihiko Kawaguchi, Rumiko Izumi, Masahiro Kobayashi, Maki Tateyama, Naoki Suzuki, Fumiyoshi Fujishima, Juichi Fujimori, Masashi Aoki, Ichiro Nakashima
Internal Medicine.2019; 58(2): 277. CrossRef
Uveitis and Myositis as Immune Complications in Chemorefractory NK/T-Cell Nasal-Type Lymphoma Successfully Treated with Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplant
Maria José Gómez-Crespo, Aránzazu García-Raso, Jose Luis López-Lorenzo, Teresa Villaescusa, María Rodríguez-Pinilla, José Fortes, Cristina Serrano, Salma Machan, Pilar Llamas, Raúl Córdoba
Case Reports in Hematology.2016; 2016: 1. CrossRef
Prognostic implications of CD30 expression in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma according to treatment modalities
Wook Youn Kim, Soo Jeong Nam, Sehui Kim, Tae Min Kim, Dae Seog Heo, Chul-Woo Kim, Yoon Kyung Jeon
Leukemia & Lymphoma.2015; 56(6): 1778. CrossRef
Unusual case of metachronous EBV‐associated B‐cell and NK/T‐cell lymphoma mimicking polymyositis‐diagnostic challenges and pitfalls
Esther H.L. Chan, Suat‐Jin Lu, Fredrik Petersson, Kong‐Bing Tan, Wee‐Joo Chng, Siok‐Bian Ng
American Journal of Hematology.2014; 89(1): 110. CrossRef
CD30+ extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma mimicking phlegmonous myositis: A case report
YAN-JIA YANG, YA-XIN LI, YAN-BIN LIU, MEI YANG, KAI LIU
Oncology Letters.2014; 7(5): 1419. CrossRef

Congenital Pulmonary Lymphangiectasia, Associated with Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return.: Seong Wook Hwang, Mee Seon Kim, Po Eun Park, Tae In Park; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(6):650-653.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.6.650

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Abstract PDF: Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia (CPL) is very rare. It shows diffuse pulmonary lymphatic dilatation without lymphatic proliferation. CPL can occur as a primary disorder or arise secondarily from other diseases such as the obstruction of pulmonary veins or lymphatics. The prognosis of CPL is very poor. Approximately 50% of infants are stillborn and most others usually die within the first day of life. The present case showed diffuse lymphangiectasia in the subpleural, interlobular, and peribronchovascular areas. The flat lining cells were immunohistochemically positive for D2-40 and CD31. CPL is usually diagnosed by clinicoradiological or postmortem examinations. However, our case was diagnosed by an antemortem lung biopsy. We report a case of CPL with total anomalous pulmonary venous return.

Systemic Plasmacytosis: A Case Report with a Review of the Literature.: Sung Hak Lee, Chang Young Yoo, Ji Han Jung, Jin Young Yoo, Suk Jin Kang, Chang Suk Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(6):632-638.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.6.632

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Abstract PDF

Systemic plasmacytosis is an uncommon disorder characterized by widely disseminated macular skin eruptions composed of polyclonal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates associated with variable extracutaneous involvement. An aggressive clinical course has been observed in a small number of patients, but most cases have followed chronic and benign clinical course without spontaneous remission. Previously reported cases of this entity have been described almost exclusively in Japanese patients. We recently experienced a case of systemic plasmacytosis in a 48-year-old Korean female patient. Initial skin biopsy specimen revealed patchy perivascular and periadnexal infiltrates of mature plasma cells. Serum immunoelectrophoresis revealed polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, and polyclonal plasmacytosis was noted on the subsequent biopsy specimens of left supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes. Multiple tiny pulmonary nodules appeared six years after the initial cutaneous presentation and were found to be of the same histologic appearance. We herein report a rare case of systemic plasmacytosis with a review of the literature.

Citations

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Cutaneous plasmacytosis with mast cell infiltration
Sarina Jain, RohitV Hede, UdayS Khopkar
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology.2020; 86(1): 91. CrossRef
Plasmocitosis cutánea en un varón de raza blanca
A. López-Gómez, T. Salas-García, A. Ramírez-Andreo, E. Poblet-Martínez
Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas.2015; 106(6): 520. CrossRef
Cutaneous Plasmacytosis in a White Man
A. López-Gómez, T. Salas-García, A. Ramírez-Andreo, E. Poblet-Martínez
Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition).2015; 106(6): 520. CrossRef

Original Articles

CpG Island Methylation According to the Histologic Patterns of Early Gastric Adenocarcinoma.: Junjeong Choi, Mee Yon Cho, So Young Jung, Khalilullah Mia Jan, Hyun Soo Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(5):469-476.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.5.469

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Although the importance of aberrant DNA methylation in the development of gastric adenocarcinoma has been described, the mechanism of pathogenesis has not been revealed yet. We quantitatively analyzed methylation of four CpG islands and one repetitive DNA element, according to the histologic features of adenocarcinoma with precursor lesions.
METHODS
We divided the cases as adenocarcinoma with intestinal type precursors (type A, n=19 cases) and adenocarcinoma with diffuse type precursors (type B, n=19 cases). We micro-dissected tumor cells and matched non-neoplastic gastric mucosa from the hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides.
RESULTS
A total of 20 CpG sites of long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE1), RAR-related orphan receptor alpha (RORA), Kruppel-like factor 7 (KLF7), mutL homolog 1 (MLH1), MINT25, and CD133 were analyzed. Methylation was determined by bisulfate-pyro-sequencing, and hypomethylation of LINE1 and CD133 was noted in the tumors, compared to the levels in the non-neoplastic gastric mucosa (p=0.014 and p=0.015, respectively). A statistically different methylation pattern of CpG sites at CD133 and KLF7 was noted only in type B lesions, compared to that in matched non-neoplastic gastric mucosa (p=0.027 and p=0.043, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Given that aberrant methylation occurs in a relatively early phase of carcinogenesis, different patterns of methylation may determine the carcinoma phenotype. However, further large-scale study is required to clarify the significance of this difference.

Citations

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Molecular function of Krüppel-like factor 7 in biology
Yi Mao, Yuechan Chen, Zhiwei Zhang
Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica.2023; 55(5): 713. CrossRef
DNA methylation status of a distinctively different subset of genes is associated with each histologic Lauren classification subtype in early gastric carcinogenesis
YOSEP CHONG, KHALILULLAH MIA-JAN, HOON RYU, JAMSHID ABDUL-GHAFAR, JIJGEE MUNKHDELGER, SAYAMAA LKHAGVADORJ, SO YOUNG JUNG, MIRA LEE, SUN-YOUNG JI, EUNHEE CHOI, MEE-YON CHO
Oncology Reports.2014; 31(6): 2535. CrossRef

The Usefulness of p16INK4a Immunocytochemical Staining in ASC-H Patients.: Kwang Il Yim, Yeo Ju Kang, Tae Eun Kim, Gyeongsin Park, Eun Sun Jung, Yeong Jin Choi, Kyo Young Lee, Chang Seok Kang, Ahwon Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(3):290-295.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.3.290

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The grey zone of cervical cytology, and in particular atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude HSIL (ASC-H) causes diagnostic difficulties and increases medical expenses. We analyzed p16INK4a expression in ASC-H liquid-based cytology specimens (LBCS) to develop more effective methods for the management of ASC-H patients.
METHODS
We carried out p16INK4a immunostaining with 57 LBCS of ASC-H diagnostic categories, all of which were histologically cofirmed and 43 cases of which were compared with the results of a human papillomavirus (HPV) chip test.
RESULTS
p16INK4a immunostaining with ASC-H LBCS was positive in 20% (3/15) of cervicitis, 25.0% (3/12) of tissue-low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 75.0% (18/24) of tissue-high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and 100% (6/6) of invasive cancer cases. The positivity of p16INK4a in LBCS was correlated with higher grade of histologic diagnosis (r=0.578, p=0.000). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of p16INK4a immunostaining for the prediction of tissue-HSIL+ were 80.0%, 77.8%, 80.0%, and 77.8%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of p16INK4a immunostaining plus HPV chip test for predicting tissue-HSIL+ were 71.2%, 86.4%, 84.2%, and 79.2%.
CONCLUSIONS
p16INK4a immunostaining as well as HPV chip testing with remaining LBCS with ASC-H are useful objective markers for the prediction of tissue-HSIL+.

Citations

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Usefulness of p16INK4a Immunocytochemical staining for the Differentiation between Atrophy and ASCUS in Diagnosis of Uterine Cervical Cancer
Hye Ryoung Shin, Taekil Eom, Wan-Su Choi
Biomedical Science Letters.2023; 29(3): 144. CrossRef

Newly Formed Hepatic Masses in Children with Biliary Atresia after Kasai Hepatic Portoenterostomy.: Hye Jong Song, Yeon Lim Suh; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(2):160-169.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.2.160

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
This report describes the clinicopathologic findings of six hepatic masses that developed after Kasai hepatic portoenterostomy (HPE) in six patients with longstanding biliary atresia (BA).
METHODS
Hepatic masses were found in six of 55 pediatric patients who underwent liver transplantation for BA after Kasai HPE from 1997 to 2009. Clinicopathologic analysis was performed and immunohistochemical staining was carried out for CD34, smooth muscle actin (SMA) and cytokeratin 7.
RESULTS
Of the six hepatic masses, two were diagnosed as focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH)-like lesions, two were large regenerative nodules (LRN), one was a mesenchymal hamartoma (MH) and one was a cholangiocarcinoma. The immunohistochemical staining findings for SMA and CD34 were more prominent for the FNH-like nodules than for the cirrhotic background liver. Dysplastic biliary epithelium arising from intestinal metaplasia was found in the cholangiocarcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that FNH-like lesions, LRNs and MH are the results of vascular hemodynamic changes after Kasai HPE and that cholangiocarcinoma is due to recurrent cholangitis after BA. All the lesions in this series must be included in the differential diagnosis of a newly formed hepatic mass in patients after portoenterostomy.

Citations

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Imaging Findings and Management Strategies for Liver Masses in Children with Predisposition Disorders: A Review by the Pediatric LI-RADS Group
Amy B. Kolbe, Michael R. Acord, Geetika Khanna, Cara E. Morin, HaiThuy N. Nguyen, Mitchell A. Rees, Esther Ro, Gary R. Schooler, Judy H. Squires, Ali B. Syed, Elizabeth R. Tang, Alexander J. Towbin, Adina Alazraki
RadioGraphics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Features of Nodules in Explants of Children Undergoing Liver Transplantation for Biliary Atresia
Ana M. Calinescu, Anne-Laure Rougemont, Mehrak Anooshiravani, Nathalie M. Rock, Valerie A. McLin, Barbara E. Wildhaber
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(6): 1578. CrossRef
Biliary Atresia Patients With Successful Kasai Portoenterostomy Can Present With Features of Obliterative Portal Venopathy
Kalyani R. Patel, Sanjiv Harpavat, Zahida Khan, Sadhna Dhingra, Norma Quintanilla, Mihail Firan, John Goss
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition.2020; 71(1): 91. CrossRef

Case Report

Aspiration Cytology of the Osteoclastic Variant of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: with Special Emphasis on the Undifferentiated Mononuclear Cells.: Kang Min Han, Dong Hoon Kim, Wonae Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(6):682-686.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.6.682

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Abstract PDF

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an uncommon aggressive malignant tumor, and the osteoclastic variant of ATC is extremely rare. We report here on the fine needle aspiration cytology of the osteoclastic variant of ATC in an 83-year-old woman. The smear was composed of many oval to slightly elongated undifferentiated mononuclear cells admixed with multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells. The mononuclear tumor cells revealed inconspicuous nuclear pleomorphism and the nuclei were characterized by vesicular chromatin and an indented or lobulated nuclear membrane with conspicuous nuclear grooves. A few epithelial clusters suggestive of a papillary carcinoma component were also observed. Making the proper cytological diagnosis of the osteoclastic variant of ATC is helpful to determine the proper treatment modality for these patients.

Citations

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Anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid with giant cells –Cytodiagnosis of category VI high grade thyroid tumor
Dhiraj B Nikumbh
IP Archives of Cytology and Histopathology Research.2024; 9(4): 176. CrossRef
A case of osteoclastic variant of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: Diagnostic and prognostic marker studies by cytology
Surekha Bantumilli, Lee‐Ching Zhu, Muthukumar Sakthivel, Leslie Dodd
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Cytodiagnosis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells − A case report with a review of the literature
Padmanaban Krishnan Govindaraman, Selvaraj Balakumar, Anthuvan Jeyarani Lawrence
Thyroid Research and Practice.2021; 18(1): 40. CrossRef
Role of cytology in differentiating anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with osteoclast like giant cells from giant cell variant of medullary thyroid carcinoma
GP S Gahlot, Tathagata Chatterjee, Rohit Tewari, Vijendra Singh, Ankur Ahuja, Kanwaljeet Singh, Beenu Singh
Journal of Marine Medical Society.2020; 22(2): 255. CrossRef
Osteoclastic variant of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
Divya Shelly, Divya Gupta, Shashank Mishra, Reena Bharadwaj
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.2019; 15(3): 704. CrossRef

Original Article

Evaluation of Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions, Cannot Exclude High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions on Cervical Smear.: Sung Ran Hong, Bock Man Kim, Hye Sun Kim, Yi Kyeong Chun, Hy Sook Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(5):528-535.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.5.528

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
We examined cervicovaginal smears that contained definite low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cells and rare atypical cells suggestive of high-grade SIL (HSIL) (ASC-H) or contained borderline dysplastic cells between LSIL and HSIL. Such lesions were classified as LSIL-H. This study aimed to investigate the cytologic and histologic characteristics of LSIL-H category and we evaluated the associated clinical risk.
METHODS
The histologic outcomes of LSIL-H were compared with those of LSIL and ASC-H. Both the cytologic and histologic findings of LSIL-H that were confirmed as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (CIN2) or greater (CIN2+) were investigated.
RESULTS
LSIL-H accounted for 0.09% of the Pap tests. On the follow-up histology, the most frequent outcome was CIN2, and the risk of CIN2+ was higher than that for ASC-H. In the cases of LSIL-H that was histologically confirmed as CIN2+, most of the atypical cells suggestive of HSIL were cytologically similar to those of CIN2, and the corresponding cervical tissues were characterized by small CIN2+ lesions in a large background of flat condyloma/CIN1. The LSIL-H cases not confirmed on initial colposcopically-directed biopsy required further follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
LSIL-H may be a valid diagnostic category with distinctive features that are different from LSIL or ASC-H. LSIL-H needs further follow-up for the proper management.

Citations

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The Clinical Significance of “Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion of Indeterminate Grade” as a Distinct Cytologic Category
Dorothy Wong, Crystal Teschendorf, Grace Y. Lin, Farnaz Hasteh
American Journal of Clinical Pathology.2012; 137(5): 753. CrossRef

Case Reports

Exuberant Smooth Muscle Cells in Fibroadenoma of the Breast: A Case Report.: Ga Eon Kim, Young Kim, Eun Hui Jeong, Jo Heon Kim, Min Ho Park, Ji Shin Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(4):431-434.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.4.431

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Abstract PDF

Smooth muscle cell metaplasia is an extremely rare form of stromal differentiation in fibroadenomas. We describe a case of fibroadenoma with exuberant smooth muscle cells in a 72-year-old woman. The mass was located in the upper central portion of the left breast. It was well circumscribed and its greatest dimension was 3 cm. Histologically, the glandular elements resembled the appearance of fibroadenoma, but the stromal elements were composed of spindle cell bundles with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and elongated cigar-shaped nuclei. Neither mitotic activity nor cellular atypia was seen. The stromal cells were immunohistochemically positive for smooth muscle actin, calponin, desmin, and estrogen receptor-beta, but negative for CD34, S-100 protein, p63, CD10, estrogen receptor-alpha, progesterone receptor and cytokeratin. These results proved that the stromal cells showed features of smooth muscle cells.

Citations

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Whole slide phase imaging by space-time digital holography for stain-free characterization of breast cancer and fibroadenoma in histological tissues
Zhe Wang, Vittorio Bianco, Lisa Miccio, Valentina Brancato, Giovanni Smaldone, Massimiliano D’ Aiuto, Gennaro Mossetti, Pier Luca Maffettone, Marco Salvatore, Pietro Ferraro
Journal of Physics: Photonics.2026; 8(1): 015074. CrossRef
Fibroadenomatoid Hyperplasia of the Breast with Prominent Smooth Muscle Component: An Uncommon Histopathological Encounter
Seetu Palo, Divya Donepudi, Shrinivas Bheemrao Somalwar
Journal of Mid-life Health.2025; 16(2): 226. CrossRef
Unusual Myoid Differentiation in a Canine Benign Mixed Mammary Tumour
Barbara Brunetti, Luisa Vera Muscatello, Louis J. DeTolla, Giancarlo Avallone, Isabel Pires
Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef

Smooth Muscle Hyperplasia of the Epididymis: Report of A Case and Review of the Literature.: Hyun Soo Kim, Ji Youn Sung, Gou Young Kim, Sung Jig Lim, Hyun Cheol Kim, Hyung Lae Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(2):177-181.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.2.177

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A 66-year-old man underwent surgery to remove an incidentally discovered non-tender intrascrotal mass. Ultrasonography revealed an irregular-margined, heterogeneous mass-like lesion in the epididymal tail. The mass was relatively well circumscribed but unencapsulated, irregular and firm; it consisted of expansile, increased smooth muscle fascicles originating from the epididymal muscular coat. Its cellular growth pattern lacked the cohesive, well-circumscribed proliferation pattern typical of a leiomyoma. A diagnosis of smooth muscle hyperplasia of the epididymis was made. Although ultrasonography is the imaging modality of choice for evaluating suspected intrascrotal masses, there are times when it cannot reliably identify the character of the masses and distinguish malignant from benign lesions. Ill-defined, solid extratesticular masses, that are ultrasonographically ambiguous, should be excised and confirmed histopathologically and smooth muscle hyperplasia of the epididymis should be included in the differential diagnosis of solid extratesticular masses.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Smooth muscle hyperplasia of the testicular adnexa: a clinicopathologic study of 12 cases
Fatimah Alruwaii, David J. Grignon, Muhammad T. Idrees
Human Pathology.2020; 99: 27. CrossRef
Hiperplasia muscular paratesticular (epididimaria) pseudotumoral. Descripción de 2 casos
Inmaculada Ruiz Molina, Vicente Cívico Amat, Beatriz Santiago Agredano
Medicina Clínica.2019; 152(5): e25. CrossRef
Pseudotumoral paratesticular (epididymal) muscle hyperplasia. Two case reports
InmaculadaRuiz Ruiz Molina, Vicente Cívico Amat, Beatriz Santiago Agredano
Medicina Clínica (English Edition).2019; 152(5): e25. CrossRef
Smooth muscle hyperplasia of the epididymis
O Blach, AM Pollock, D Douglas
Journal of Surgical Case Reports.2011; 2011(10): 10. CrossRef

Original Articles

Adenocarcinoma Arising in Adenomyosis.: Young Il Yang, In Sook Lim, Jong Eun Joo; Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(2):272-274.

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Abstract PDF: Adenocarcinoma in adenomyosis is unusual and it is mostly associated with adenocarcinoma in the endometrial mucosa. In contrast, adenocarcinoma arising in adenomyosis without endometrial adenocarcinoma is extremely rare and it suggests that it arises de novo from adenomyosis. We report a case of adenocarcinoma arising in adenomyosis in 44-year-old woman. The endometrial cavity contained a polypoid lesion with atypical hyperplasia, but no evidence of adenocarcinoma in the endometrial mucosa. Simple, complex and atypical hyperplasia associated with well differentiated adenocarcinoma was also noted in the areas of adenomyosis.

Expressions of MIB-1, p53 and CEA in Endocervical Glandular Lesions.: Mi Jin Kim, Young Gi Lee, Dong Sug Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(1):41-47.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Endocervical glandular lesions include glandular atypia (GA), endocervical glandular dysplasia (EGD), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and invasive adenocarcinoma (IA). The diagnosis of malignant glandular lesions is occasionally difficult to distinguish from benign mimickers, and the morphologic features of EGD remain unsettled.
METHODS
Immunohistochemical stains for MIB-1, p53 and CEA were performed on 81 cases of paraffin-embedded endocervical glandular lesions including 22 IA, 15 AIS, 15 EGD, 13 GA, 8 microglandular hyperplasia (MGH) and 8 tubal metaplasia (TM).
RESULTS
The MIB-1 labelling index of IA was 59.68%, 69.53% for AIS, 26.60% for EGD, 16.03% for benign. p53 overexpression was noted in 4 (18%) cases of IA, 3 (20%) of AIS, but none of EGD and benign lesions. It was Interesting to note that one case of MGH showed p53 staining in low intensity. Diffuse strong cytoplasmic CEA positivity was present in all of IA and AIS, whereas seven (47%) of 15 EGD and 12 (41%) of 29 benign lesions showed focal cytoplasmic CEA positivity. There were significant differences in MIB-1 and CEA immunostainings among the adenocarcinoma, EGD, and benign glandular lesions. Adenocarcinoma was closely related to p53 overexpression, although occurring in a low percentage of the cases.
CONCLUSION
MIB-1 immunostaining can be useful in differentiating among endocervical adenocarcinoma, endocervical glandular dysplasia and benign glandular lesions. p53 overexpression might be helpful in the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma.

Human Papillomavirus Infection and Its Relationship to Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: An immunohistochemical, histopathological and Cytological Study.: Mi Jin Kim, Won Hee Choi, Tae Sook Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1989;23(2):240-253.

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Abstract PDF: It has suggested that a significant proportion of intraepithelial lesion of the cervix may be related to the influence of human papillomaviurs (HPV). Its etiological relation with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma has recently been proposed. The 131 cases of CIN and 6 condyloma acuminata were stained by immunoperoxidase technique for HPV anigen. The results are as follows: The 18 cases (13.1%) exhibited positive staining, localized in nuclei of koilocytotic cells confined to superficial and intermediate layer of epithelium. HPV antigen was found in 1 case (16.7) of 6 condyloma acuminata, 4 cases (12.5%) of 32 mild dysplasia, 3 cases (13.6%) of 22 moderate dysplasia, 2 cases (14.3%) of 14 severe dysplasia and 8 cases (12.7%) of 63 carcinoma in situ. In the positive cases of mild and moderate dysplasia, HPV antigen was localized directly within the lesion, while those cases of severe dysplaia and carcinoma in situ contained positive cells in areas of mild or moderate dysplasia adjacent to the lesion. Of three distinct morphologic patterns, flat type was most common and papillary type was least. Histologically condylomatous lesions were present in 67 cases (51.1%) out of 131 cases of CIN. The histological and cytological feature encountered most frequently was koilocytotic arypia. Other main histological features are bi- or multinucleation, exocytosis of inflammatory cells, acanthosis, mitotic figures, dyskeratosis and epithelial pearl. On the cervical smear, the evidence of condyloma was proved in 50.0%. Cytologically in the condyloma with high degree of CIN, the nuclear atypia was so prominent that the differentiation from dysplasia or carcinoma in situ was very difficult, although the chromatin appeared somewhat smudged. The mean age of 18 cases was 42.4 years which is older than previous study. The results of this study provide common association with HPV and CIN and add great weight to the suggestion that the infection with HPV plays an important part in genesis of cervical cancer.

Relationship of Gastric Metaplasia of the Duodenum with Age, Duodenal Ulcer and Helicobacter pylori Infection.: Dae Hyun Song, Dong Chul Kim, Jong Sil Lee, Jeong Hee Lee, Hyun Jin Kim, Hee Shang Youn, Gyung Hyuck Ko; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(4):217-223.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Gastric metaplasia of the duodenum is thought to be associated with the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer. We investigated the pathological features of gastric metaplasia and their relation to age, gender, duodenal ulcer and H. pylori infection.
METHODS
We reviewed the duodenal endoscopic findings of 535 patients (age range: 0 to 87) and the microscopic slides of the duodenal biopsy specimens.
RESULTS
Gastric metaplasia was first noted at the age of 4 and the prevalence increased thereafter until the patients' mean age reached about 30. The prevalence of gastric metaplasia was 53.7% after 30 years of age. As the metaplasia became severer, it became more polypoid in appearance and it more often contained parietal cells. Gastric metaplasia was more frequently observed or severe in duodenal ulcer patients, in males and in the first portion of the duodenum than in patients without duodenal ulcer, in females and in the second portion, respectively. There was a lack of correlation between gastric metaplasia and H. pylori infection.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence and/or severity of gastric metaplasia of the duodenum increases with age, and it is thought that most duodenal ulcers develop in the areas of gastric metaplasia.

Congenital Cystic Disease of the Kidney overview and a classification.: Mee Joo, Yeon Mee Kim, Chong Jai Kim, Yeon Lim Suh, Jeong Wook Seo, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(3):233-243.

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Abstract PDF: The congenital renal cystic disease encompasses a complex group of pathologic and clinical entities. We retrospectively reviewed 42 cases of congenital renal cystic lesions classified into four Potter types in a series of 2,063 consecutive autopsies from 1981 to 1996. According to our study based on morphologic, clinical, genetic features and associated anomalies, type I and III are relatively compatible with Potter's original definition. However, it was reasonable that type II and IV are classified to the same group because of: 1) very similar histologic findings representing dysplastic kidney, 2) many associated anomalies, 3) no evidence of inheritance, and 4) presence of a combined type. Syndrome associated cysts, such as Meckel-Gruber syndrome, were also separately classified. If the dysplastic evidence was insufficient for diagnosis to the dysplastic kidney in type II and IV, then these cases would be better classified into a cystic disease associated with congenital hydronephrosis. We propose a classification of the congenital cystic disease of the kidney to be: 1) dysplastic kidney, 2) cystic disease associated with congenital hydronephrosis, 3) polycystic kidney, and 4) syndromic cystic disease.

Case Reports

An Unusual Stroma-Rich Variant of Castleman's Disease of the Hyaline-Vascular Type: A Case Report.: Ji Han Jung, Gyeongsin Park, Hyun Joo Choi, Jinyoung Yoo, Seok Jin Kang, Kyo Young Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(4):266-270.

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Abstract PDF: The stroma-rich variant of Castleman's disease of the hyaline-vascular type (CDHV) is a rare entity that shows overgrowth of a variety of stromal cells in the widened interfollicular (IF) area. We report here on a case of a stroma-rich variant of CDHV in an 18-year-old man who presented with an asymptomatic solitary neck mass he'd had for 1 year. Histologically, an enlarged lymph node fulfilled the criteria of CDHV, along with vague nodularity of a widened IF area. The nodular lesion consisted of numerous vessels and a proliferation of spindle cells. Immunohistochemically, the spindle cells were positive for vimentin and smooth muscle actin, they were negative for desmin, CD21, CD34, CD68, ALK-1, and S-100 protein. This stromal lesion is typically hyperplastic and clinically benign, and it must be distinguished from neoplastic stromal proliferation associated with Castleman's disease because of its potential for recurrence and metastasis.

Three Cases of Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia in Unusual Location.: Hye Kyung An, Ill Hyang Ko; Korean J Pathol. 1989;23(3):365-370.

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Abstract PDF: Giant lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease) was first described by Castleman and associates. In the first accounts of giant lymph node hyperplasia, the lesions were described as solitary and localized to the mediastinum. Recently, we have experienced three cases of Castleman's disease, first of which is a 54 year old male with plasma cell type in the mesentery, second is 27 year old femal with hyaline vascular type in the inguinal region and third is a 29 year old female with hyaline vascular tye in neck.

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