Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Mee Young Sol

24 Articles

Molecular Biological Characteristics of Differentiated Early Gastric Cancer on the Basis of Mucin Expression.: Nari Shin, Hye Yeon Kim, Woo Kyung Kim, Min Gyung Park, Kyung Bin Kim, Dong Hoon Shin, Kyung Un Choi, Jee Yeon Kim, Chang Hun Lee, Gi Young Huh, Mee Young Sol, Do Youn Park; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(1):69-78.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.1.69

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BACKGROUND
It is clear that the biologic characteristics of gastric cancer are different on the basis of mucin phenotypes. However, there are unabated controversies on the exact biologic differences of mucin expression in gastric cancer.
METHODS
We analyzed various protein expressions and microsatellite instability (MSI) status based on mucin expression in 130 differentiated early gastric adenocarcinoma cases. Furthermore, we evaluated the genomic alternation in 10 selected differentiated early gastric adenocarcinoma cases using array based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH).
RESULTS
Intestinal mucin predominant subtype showed significantly elevated p53 protein and caudal-related homeobox 2 expression, and delocalization of beta catenin expressions compared to the gastric mucin predominant subtype. On MSI status, the gastric mucin predominant subtype more frequently showed unstable status than the intestinal mucin predominant subtype. CGH study showed more frequent chromosomal gain and loss in the intestinal mucin predominant subtype than the gastric mucin predominant subtype, albeit without statistical significance. Interestingly, there were significant differences in chromosomal alternation between four mucin phenotypes.
CONCLUSIONS
Study results suggest possible different points of biologic behaviors in early differentiated gastric adenocarcinomas by mucin expression type.

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Mucin Expression in Gastric Cancer: Reappraisal of Its Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Significance
Dae Hwan Kim, Nari Shin, Gwang Ha Kim, Geum Am Song, Tae-Yong Jeon, Dong-Heon Kim, Gregory Y. Lauwers, Do Youn Park
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine.2013; 137(8): 1047. CrossRef
Microsatellite Instability Status in Gastric Cancer: A Reappraisal of Its Clinical Significance and Relationship with Mucin Phenotypes
Joo-Yeun Kim, Na Ri Shin, Ahrong Kim, Hyun-Jeong Lee, Won-young Park, Jee-Yeon Kim, Chang-Hun Lee, Gi-Young Huh, Do Youn Park
Korean Journal of Pathology.2013; 47(1): 28. CrossRef

Expression of p63 and its Isoform, deltaNp63, in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma.: Ick Doo Kim, Dong Hoon Shin, Kyung Un Choi, Do Youn Park, Gi Yeong Huh, Mee Young Sol, Min Ki Lee, Young Dae Kim, Chang Hun Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(4):321-328.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.4.321

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Several studies have been conducted on the role of the p63 gene family in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Nevertheless, the role of these genes in the development and progression of NSCLC remains controversial. This study was designed to examine the expression and clinicopathologic significance of the p63 family in NSCLC.
METHODS
Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 92 cases of NSCLC (47 squamous cell carcinomas [SqCCs] and 45 adenocarcinomas [ACs]) using tissue microarray blocks. The results were analyzed and correlated with clinicopathologic data. RESULTS: The expression of delta Np63 (Delta Np63) was elevated in SqCC (39/47), but not in AC (2/45; p<0.01). Both p63 and Delta Np63 had high expression in 39 SqCCs; p63 and Delta Np63 also had a similar geomorphologic distribution in most positive tumors. The expression of Delta Np63 was correlated with histologic type, gender, pT stage, p53 expression, and p63 expression. pT and pN stages were independent factors in survival (p<0.05, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
The major p63 isoform in NSCLC, Delta Np63, had a strong correlation with p53 and p63, and was exclusively expressed in SqCC. However, our findings suggest that Delta Np63 was not an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC.

Analysis of Microsatellite Instability in Ovarian Epithelial Cancer.: Mee Young Sol, Kyung Un Choi, Jee Yeon Kim, Hyun Jeong Kang, Dong Hoon Shin, Ik Doo Kim, Hyo Seon Choi, Soon Jung Seo; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(6):380-386.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to clarify the incidence and role of microsatellite instability (MSI) in sporadic ovarian epithelial cancers (OEC). We investigated the MSI status and mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression in OEC.
METHODS
MSI was examined by fluorescence- based polymerase chain reaction using five NCI panel markers (BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346 and D17S250) in 46 cases of OEC. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for hMLH1 and hMSH2 was performed.
RESULTS
Seven cases (15.2%) exhibited high-frequency MSI (MSIH), one exhibited low-frequency MSI (MSI-L), and the remaining 38 demonstrated microsatellite stability (MSS). MSI-H in OEC was not associated with histologic grade, FIGO stage, tumor size, mitoses or histologic type. Loss of expression of either hMLH1 or hMSH2 was observed in 4 of the 7 (59.3%) MSI-H cases, whereas 4 of the 39 (10.3%) MSI-L or MSS tumors revealed loss of expression of MMR proteins. The sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemistry for hMLH1 and hMSH2 were 57.1% and 89.7%.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that a genetic defect in the MMR system might play a role in the carcinogenesis of a minor subset of sporadic OEC however, immunohistochemical testing for hMLH1 and hMSH2 cannot accurately determine microsatellite instability status in OEC.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Palpable Lymph Nodes: A Single Institutional Experience of 1,346 Cases.: Dong Hoon Shin, Kyung Un Choi, Jee Yeon Kim, Hyun Jeong Kang, Ick Doo Kim, Mee Young Sol; Korean J Cytopathol. 2007;18(2):126-132.

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Abstract PDF: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for the assessment of palpable enlarged lymph nodes. The authors reviewed the results of 1,346 FNACs of palpable enlarged lymph nodes performed at Pusan National University Hospital from 1998 to 2004. Of the 1,346 cases, 1,265 (94.0%) were satisfactory and 81 (6.0%) unsatisfactory. Cytologic diagnoses were judged in 488 cases, based on subsequent histologic diagnoses, clinical follow up, or both. Global results for all malignancies (lymphoid and non-lymphoid neoplasms) based on cases with final diagnoses, showed a sensitivity of 87.4% and a specificity of 98.7%. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 93.2%, and the false negative rate reduced from 12.6% to 7.3% when lymphomatous cases were excluded. The annual data for this period showed that the number of diagnostic lymph node biopsies and the rate of inadequately sampled material markedly decreased. Gene rearrangement studies for IgH and TCR gamma were helful in 30 cases. FNAC is a useful initial diagnostic procedure for the evaluation of palpable enlarged lymph nodes. However, the technique should be assisted by the appropriate ancillary studies and by proper interpretation by a cytopathologist.

Invasine Ductal Carcinoma with Osteoclast-Like Giant Cell in a Young Woman.: Hyun Jeong Kang, Jee Yeon Kim, Kyung Un Choi, Hee Suk Kwak, Mee Young Sol; Korean J Cytopathol. 2007;18(1):69-73.

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Abstract PDF: Mammary carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells is an unusual neoplasm characterized by giant cells, mononuclear stromal cells, and hemorrhage accompanying a low grade carcinoma. We present the cytological findings in a case of invasive ductal carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells that was initially confused with a fibroadenoma, due to its well-demarcated and soft mass and the young age of the patient. A 28-year-old female presented with a 4.5 cm, well demarcated, soft and nontender mass in the right breast. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) showed a combination of low grade malignant epithelial cell clusters and osteoclast-like giant cells. The atypical epithelial cells were present in cohesive sheets and clusters. Osteoclast-like giant cells and bland-looking mononuclear cells were scattered. An histological examination revealed the presence of an invasive ductal carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells. We report here the cytological findings of this rare carcinoma in a very young woman. The minimal atypia of the epithelial cells and its soft consistency may lead to a false negative diagnosis in a young woman. The recognition that osteoclastlike giant cells are rarely present in a low grade carcinoma, but not in benign lesion, can assist the physician in making a correct diagnosis.

Assessment of Apoptosis by M30 Immunoreactivity and the Relationship with the MSI status and the Clinicopathological Characteristics of Colorectal Carcinomas.: Hyun Jeong Kang, Mee Young Sol, Do Youn Park, Soo Han Lee, Dong Hun Shin, Jee Yeon Kim, Kyung Un Choi, Hwal Woong Kim, Chang Hun Lee, Gi Young Huh; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(5):319-325.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The monoclonal antibody M30 recognizes a neoepitope of cytokeratin 18 that's produced during the process of apoptosis, and it is reactive in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. The detailed nature of apoptosis in colorectal cancer is unclear, especially in regard to the MSI status and the clinicopathologic factors. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the apoptosis assessed by M30 immunoreactivity in colorectal cancer and its relationship with the MSI status and the various clinicopathologic factors of colorectal cancers.
METHODS
101 colorectal cancers were classified according to levels of MSI as 12 MSI-H, 4 MSI-L and 85 MSS. Apoptosis was quantified by immunohistochemistry with using M30 CytoDEATH anti-body.
RESULTS
The apoptotic index assessed by M30 was significantly increased in the MSI-H and MSI-L colorectal cancer compared to that in the MSS colorectal cancer. Right sided colon cancer showed a significant higher apoptotic index than did the left sided colon cancer. There was also a tendency for decreased apoptosis in metastatic colorectal cancers (Duke's stage D). There was somewhat of an increase of apoptosis in colorectal cancers with mucinous carcinoma and medullary carcinoma, and also in the colorectal cancers with an increased TIL count, but this was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
M30 immunoreactivity is a valuable method to detect apoptosis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and it might explain that MSI-H colorectal cancer shows better clinical behavior than MSS colorectal cancer in regard to the increased apoptosis.

Significance of Galectin-3 Expression in Pulmonary Non-Small Cell Carcinoma.: Dong Hoon Shin, Chang Hun Lee, Hyun Jung Kang, Mee Young Sol, Min Ki Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(5):326-332.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Non-small cell carcinoma (NSCC) has become the leading cause of cancer related death around the world. However, its prognostic factors remain poorly defined. Galectin-3 is an apoptosis related protein and its relationship with various cancers is presently the subject of research. This study was performed to investigate galectin-3 expression in NSCC and its value as a prognostic factor. METHODS: We examined the expression of galectin-3 and bcl-2 in surgically resected, lung NSCC, including 61 squamous cell carcinomas and 41 adenocarcinomas. PCNA staining was also performed. RESULTS: Each type of carcinoma showed cytoplasmic positivity in 18 (30.0%) and 25 (61.0%) cases, respectively. Squamous cell carcinoma showed increased galectin-3 expression in better differentiated tumors, whereas adenocarcinoma didn't show any relationship with the degree of differentiation. The cytoplasmic positivity of galectin-3 in both types of carcinoma was associated with poor prognosis. Bcl-2 expression didn't show any significant relationship with overall survival. Galectin-3 and bcl-2 expressions were positively correlated. However, co-expression of both proteins was not related to prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that galectin-3 expression in NSCC warrants attention as a possible prognostic factor.

Alteration of G1/S Cell Cycle Regulatory Proteins in Ovarian Epithelial Tumors.: Jee Yeon Kim, Hwal Woong Kim, Kyung Un Choi, Chang Hun Lee, Mee Young Sol, Hyun Jeong Kang, Dong Hoon Shin; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(4):274-281.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Disturbances of the cell cycle regulatory proteins are key events underlying the development and/or progression of human malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of G1/S cell cycle regulatory proteins in ovarian epithelial tumor.
METHODS
We simultaneously evaluated the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK4, CDK2, p16, Rb, E2F1, p53 and the Ki67 labelling index (LI) by immunohistochemical methods in 148 cases of ovarian epithelial tumor of the benign (n=47), borderline (n=29), and malignant type (n=72).
RESULTS
The expression of cyclin E, CDK2, p16, Rb, E2F1, p53 and the Ki67 LI gradually increased from the benign type, through the borderline type, to the malignant tumors. Between the borderline and malignant tumors, the increased expression of cyclin E, E2F1, and p53, and the decreased expression of Rb were significantly associated with malignancy. The reduced Rb expression and the increased E2F1 expression were correlated with the FIGO stage and the histologic grade in the malignant ovarian epithelial tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclin E, E2F1, and p53 overexpressions and the loss of Rb are the important components during carcinogenesis of ovarian epithelial tumors. Our results suggest that in- creased expression of E2F1 should be considered as a new parameter for the prognosis of patients with malignant ovarian epithelial tumors.

Altered Expression of DNA Topoisomerase IIalpha, Ki-67, p53 and p27 in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.: Kyeong Min Lee, Mee Young Sol, Hyun Jeong Kang, Dong Hoon Shin, Kyung Un Choi, Hwal Woong Kim, Jee Yeon Kim, Do Youn Park, Chang Hun Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(5):332-337.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Topoisomerase II (TOPO II) is an enzyme that separates intertwined chromosomes during DNA synthesis by transiently breaking and joining DNA strands. The level of TOP II is one of the determinants of cellular sensitivity to anti-tumor drugs in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. The alpha form of TOPO II has been recently used as a marker of cellular proliferation. High levels of TOPO IIalpha are expressed in aggressive and proliferative tumors.
METHODS
This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between TOPO IIalpha expression and clinicopathological parameters including age, gender, the serum LDH level, the serum beta2-microglobulin level and stage, or expressions, of Ki-67, p53 and p27, in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We analyzed forty-one biopsied tissue specimens from patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
RESULTS
The expression of TOPO IIalpha increased with the clinical stage and it was correlated with Ki-67 and p53 expressions. However, TOPO IIalpha expression did not have any significant correlation with age, gender, the serum LDH level, the serum 2-microglobulin level and the p27 expression.
CONCLUSIONS
TOPO IIalpha expression is a useful marker of cellular proliferation and it may serve as a prognostic factor of a tumor's progression and aggressiveness in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

Cytologic Features of Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia of the Breast: A Case Report with Review of Literature.: Jin Sook Lee, Jee Yeon Kim, Dong Hoon Shin, Do Youn Park, Kyung Un Choi, Chang Hoon Lee, Mee Young Sol; Korean J Cytopathol. 2005;16(1):25-30.

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Abstract PDF: Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia(PASH) was initially described by Vuitch et al. as a benign breast lesion, consisting of mammary stromal proliferations which simulate vascular lesions, and which might be mistaken for a low-grade angiosarcoma. This condition occasionally presents as a palpable mass in postmenopausal women, but is more frequently encountered as an incidental component in premenopausal women. Clinical, radiological, and fine-needle aspiration(FNA) findings associated with this condition can mimic those observed in conjunction with a phyllodes tumor or a fibroadenoma. The cytological features of PASH are generally nonspecific, and its diagnosis by FNA cytology is fairly difficult. In this study, we report a case of PASH, manifesting as a palpable mass

Overexpression of Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 in Colorectal Carcinoma Identified by cDNA Microarray and Immunohistochemical Analysis.: Kyung Un Choi, Do Youn Park, Jee Yeon Kim, Jin Sook Lee, Mee Young Sol; Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(3):166-173.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), a member of six proteins with a high affinity for insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), seems to modulate the effects of IGFs on cells and to regulate cell proliferation through the IGF-independent pathway. We assessed the role of IGFBP3 in the colorectal carcinoma detected by cDNA microarray.
METHODS
To identify molecular alterations in the colorectal carcinoma, we analyzed gene expression profiles of the colorectal adenocarcinoma by means of a cDNA microarray representing 7,500 genes. Of the differentially expressed genes, the author assessed the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) gene at the protein level using immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS
The expressions of 21 and 16 genes were noted to have more than fivefold increases or decreases in the colonic adenocarcinoma tissue compared with the noncancerous colonic mucosal tissue. The differentially expressed genes include those associated with cell proliferation/apoptosis, signal transduction/transcription, metabolizing enzymes, cytoskeleton, angiogenesis, ion channel, extracellular matrix and others. Of the total 68 cases of colorectal adenocarcinomas observed, 34 cases (50%) showed positive immunohistochemical stainings for IGFBP3.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, it is suggested that IGFBP3 plays a role in colorectal carcinogenesis. And combining an immunohistochemistry with a cDNA microarray can facillitate the rapid characterization of a candidate novel molecular target.

Expression of Fas/Fas Ligand and Its Relationship with Apoptosis in Chemically Induced Preneoplastic Lesions in Rat Liver.: Hye Jin Lee, Do Youn Park, Kyung Un Choi, Jee Yeon Kim, Chang Hun Lee, Mee Young Sol, Kang Suek Suh; Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(5):383-390.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Apoptosis of hepatocytes plays a major role in experimental hepatocarcinogenesis of rats. But sequential change and localization of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) in preneoplastic lesions and the relationship with apoptosis are not clearly elucidated.
METHODS
We investigated sequential change and localization of Fas/FasL and its relationship to apoptosis in preneoplastic lesions of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in rats using northern blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase end labeling (TUNEL) assay.
RESULTS
We found that mRNA of Fas and Fas ligand increased for up to 42 days and 14 days after partial hepatectomy, respectively, and thereafter decreased with time. Fas protein was localized on the cytoplasm of hepatocytes of preneoplastic lesions, as well as on the cytoplasmic membrane of the adjacent liver parenchyme. Fas negative preneoplastic lesions were evident at 42 days after partial hepatectomy. FasL protein was found only in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes of preneoplastic lesions, instead of in the adjacent liver parenchyme. FasL-positive hepatocytes increased with time for up to 14 days after partial hepatectomy and therafter decreased. Also, TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells increased with time and were more numerous in the adjacent liver parenchyme than in the preneoplastic lesions.
CONCLUSIONS
It was suggested that Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis might be one of the major mechanisms for controlling apoptotic cell death in the promotion stage of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis.

Primary Extragastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (EGIST) of the Greater Omentum.: Kyung Un Choi, Jee Yeun Kim, Do Youn Park, Chang Hun Lee, Mee Young Sol, Kang Suek Suh, Jun Woo Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(4):347-350.

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Abstract PDF: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) were recently defined as spindle cell, epithelioid, or occasionally, pleomorphic mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract that express the CD117 (proto-oncogene c-kit protein, stem cell factor receptor), as detected using immunohistochemistry. And they show a new tendency to include the CD117-positive mesenchymal spindle cell or epithelioid neoplasms primary in the omentum and mesentery, and is so termed extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs). Omental EGISTs are very rare and similar to their gastrointestinal counterpart. We present a case of primary EGIST of the greater omentum in a 58-year-old man. The resected tumor mass measured 20X15X5 cm and weighed 1,150 g. The cut surface displayed a central cystic change and partial mural nodules. Microscopically, most parts of the tumor were composed of round or polygonal cells, with many of them containing perinuclear vacuoles. The mitotic count was less than one per 50 high-power-fields. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were diffusely positive for CD117 and vimentin, and focally for smooth muscle actin and CD34. Ultrastructurally, partially smooth muscle differentiation was confirmed in this case.

Expression of Met Protein in Colorectal Carcinoma.: Kyung Un Choi, Jin Sook Lee, Chang Hun Lee, Mee Young Sol, Kang Suk Suh; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(7):501-508.

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Abstract PDF: Met protein is a transmembrane 190 kD heterodimer with tyrosine kinase activity, encoded by c-Met oncogene. It serves as a high affinity receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/scatter factor (SF), a cytokine which stimulates cell proliferation, motility, and invasion. In this study, we immunohistochemically evaluated the expression of Met/hepatocyte growth factor receptor in colorectal cancers. Met protein was expressed in 31 of 72 patients (43.1%). The staining pattern was cytoplasmic in nature, present throughout the tumor, and showed variable intensity from case to case. The relationship between the expression rate and intensity, and age and sex of patients, tumor size (p=0.645), tumor site (p=0.902) and tumor differentiation (p=0.844) was not statistically significant. The expression rate and intensity were significantly correlated with lymphovascular invasion (p=0.001), lymph node metastasis (p=0.010), depth of invasion (0.019), and stage (p=0.023). Cytoplasmic accumulation of Met protein was not associated with enhanced PCNA index of tumor cells (p=0.052). These results suggest that Met protein may play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells.

Microvessel Density and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Invasive Breast Carcinomas.: Mi Yeong Jeon, Mee Young Sol, Kyung Sun Park, Hye Kyoung Yoon; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(2):138-144.

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Abstract PDF: Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis, however, the prognostic value of neovascularization is undetermined. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic significance of microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in breast carcinomas. An immunohistochemical stains for CD 31 (DAKO) to estimate MVD and VEGF (Santa Cruz) were done on 40 cases of invasive breast carcinoma. MVD was calculated as an average count of vessels per 200 power field in the most vascularized areas. VEGF expression was interpreted according to staining intensity and number of positive cells. Mean MVD was 35, and MVD was not correlated with lymph node metastasis or histologic grade, but high MVD (mean MVD>35) showed an increasing tendency in cases with larger size, negative ER/PR, and positive cathepsin D. All of the cases showed VEGF expression, but VEGF expression was not correlated with tumor size, histologic grade, lymph node metastasis, ER/PR status, and cathepsin D expression. These results suggest that MVD and VEGF expressions are not reliable prognostic factors.

Expressions of p53 and MIB-1 in Glandular Lesions of the Uterine Cervix.: Seo Young Park, Mee Young Sol, Hye Kyoung Yoon; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(8):589-595.

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Abstract PDF: The glandular lesions of the uterine cervix can be classified into endocervical glandular dysplasia (EGD), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and adenocarcinoma, but the diagnostic criteria and the continuity of endocervical glandular lesions are still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of immunohistochemical findings of p53 and MIB-1 in the discrimination and the continuity of EGD, AIS and adenocarcinoma. The materials for the study included 11 cases of adenocarcinoma, 7 cases of AIS, 12 cases of high grade EGD, and 19 cases of low grade EGD. Also included were eleven benign glandular lesions (5 cases of tuboendometrial metaplasia, 3 cases of mesonephric remnant, 3 cases of microglandular hyperplasia). A strong reaction of more than 5% of the glandular epithelial nuclei was interpreted as positive for p53 protein. MIB-1 expression was analyzed semiquantitatively as negative, 1 , 2 , 3 , depending on the percentage of positive nuclei (less than 1%, 1~9%, 10~39%, > or = 40%, respectively). p53 protein expression was found in 3 (27.3%) out of 11 cases of adenocarcinoma, and 2 (28.6%) out of 7 cases of AIS. But all of high and low grade EGD cases were negative. High MIB-1 labelling index (> or =10%) was found in all adenocarcinoma cases and in 3 (42.9%) out of 7 cases of AIS. But only 2 (17.7%) out of 12 cases of high grade EGD showed high MIB-1 labelling index, and all of low grade EGD and benign lesions showed negligible MIB-1 positivities. In summary, MIB-1 labelling index might be valuable in the discrimination of malignant glandular lesions and endocervical glandular dysplasia from benign lesions, but p53 expression could be a useful parameter in the discrimination of malignant glandular lesions from endocervical glandular dysplasia and benign lesions.

Primary MALT(mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) Type Lymphoma of the Liver.: Do Youn Park, Jee Yeon Kim, Hyo Jeong Chae, Jin Sook Lee, Chang Hun Lee, Mee Young Sol, Kang Suek Suh, Sun Kyung Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(12):1317-1319.

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Abstract PDF: Primary non-Hodgkin' lymphomas of the liver, an organ normally devoid of a native lymphoid tissue, are very rare. We recently experienced a case of a primary low-grade hepatic B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type in a 36-year-old woman. The ultrasonography revealed a 5 cm sized mass in the right lobe of the liver. A right segmentectomy of the liver was done and showed a relatively well-circumscribed brownish yellow lobulated homogenous mass, measuring 5.5x4.5 cm in size. Histologic sections of liver mass revealed large lymphoid follicles with reactive germinal centers, follicular colonization by centrocyte-like cells (CCL cells), and lymphoepithelial lesions. The CCL cells were positive for B-cell (CD20), LCA (CD45RA), Bcl-2 oncoprotein, and lambda light chain.

Immunohistochemical Study of E-cadherin Expression in Gastric Adenocarcinomas.: Jee Yeon Kim, Mee Young Sol, Sun Kyung Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(8):745-753.

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Abstract PDF: E-cadherin (ECD) is a Ca++ -dependent adhesion molecule which plays a major role in the maintenance of intercellular adhesion in epithelial tissues. The expression pattern of ECD in 77 surgically resected gastric adenocarcinomas was examined by immunohistochemistry, using a rat monoclonal antibody raised against murine E-cadherin (DECAM-1). ECD was strongly expressed uniformly at cell to cell borders in normal gastric epithelium without exception. But, various staining patterns were observed in the cancer tissues. The frequency of tumors with preserved ECD expression (Pre-type) and reduced ECD expression (Rd-type) was 44% and 56%, respectively. Using Lauren's classification, the high frequency of the Pre-type expression in adenocarcinoma of the intestinal type was significantly higher than that in adenocarcinoma of the diffuse type (p<0.05). But, no significant correlation between the ECD expression and the gross type, invasion depth, growth pattern or metastasis was observed. These results suggest that ECD might play a key role in the morphogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma.

E-Cadherin Expression and DNA Ploidy Analysis in Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix Comparison with those of CIN.: Yoo Jin Kim, Mee Young Sol, Man Ha Huh, Sun Kyung Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(6):557-565.

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Abstract PDF: Epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) is a Ca2+ -dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule that connects cells via homotypic interactions. Its function is critical in the induction and maintenance of cell polarity and differentiation, and its loss is associated with an invasive and poorly differentiated phenotype in a wide range of tumors. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 36 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 14 cervical squamous cell carcinomas were investigated for the expression of E-cadherin immunohistochemically. While E-cadherin expression was usually restricted on the cell membrane of basal and parabasal cells in normal cervix, the presence of cytoplasmic E-cadherin was found to be associated with its grade in CIN lesions. Also, marked cytoplasmic staining was commonly revealed in poorly differentiated ones than well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. More intense reactivity of cytoplasmic E-cadherin was frequently seen in the foci of invasion than adjacent carcinoma in situ, and in its periphery than the center of tumor islands. In addition, DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction of squamous cell carcinomas were analyzed and compared with those of CIN lesion. We found that invasive squamous cell carcinomas more frequently disclosed DNA aneuploidy than CIN lesions, and there was correlation between cytoplasmic E-cadherin expression and DNA aneuploidy. Also, cytoplasmic E-cadherin-reactive cervical neoplasms had a higher rate of cell proliferation than that of membranous E-cadherin-reactive cases. These data suggest that the increased cytoplasmic E-cadherin expression may represent one of the abnormalities underlying the loss of polarity and invasiveness of cancer cells, and the abnormal E-cadherin expression combined with/without DNA ploidy or S-phase fraction may serve as a prognostic indicator.

Recurred Angiomyofibroblastoma of the Vulva: Report of a case.: Do Youn Park, Ji Yeon Kim, OK Hyeon Kim, Hwa Sun Lee, Mee Young Sol, Kang Suek Suh, Sun Kyung Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(10):947-950.

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Abstract PDF: Angiomyofibroblastoma is a rare, benign mesenchymal tumor of the vulva. Since it was described in 1992 by Fletcher, 15 cases have been reported in literature. We recently experienced a recurred angiomyofibroblastoma of the vulva. A 45-year-old woman was presented initially in 1991 with a mass of labium major and local excision of tumor mass had been performed. A histologic diagnosis was made of angiomyxoma, but this diagnosis was revised to angiomyofibroblastoma by the authors. The recurred mass was well circumscribed, measuring 2.5x1.6x1.5cm in dimensions. Microscopically the tumor was characterized by high cellularity, numerous blood vessels(which lack prominent hyalinization), and plump stromal cells. Immunohistochemically, the stromal cells were reactive for vimentin and desmin, but not alpha-smooth muscle actin, or S-100 protein. We thought that this case was a recurred angiomyofibrblastoma of the vulva due to incomplete surgical excision.

The Effects of Immunosuppressant and Immunostimulant on the Splenic Cell Subset of Rats Having Undergone Experimentally Induced Septal Fibrosis of Liver.: Mee Young Sol, Joon Yeon Kim, Sun Kyoung Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(5):572-583.

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Abstract: Although there have been many reports about the importance of the spleen's role in hepatic fibrogenesis, the exact mechanism is still uncertain. The author designed this study to evaluate splenic function on hepatic fibrogenesis. The degree of hepatic fibrosis and the population of splenocyte subsets were studied in the experimental animal model with fibrosis produced by injecting normal swine serum intra-peritoneally into Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were divided into three groups; group A was subjected to injection of swine serum only, group B swine serum and complete Freund's adjuvant and group C swine serum and cyclosporin A. The experimental hepatic fibrogenesis by swine serum was augumented by coinjection with the adjuvant and inhibited by cyclosporin A. The study of the splenocyte subset revealed increased percentages of spienic B cell and CD4+ cell and a decreased percentage of CD8+ cell, and these changes of splenocyte subset were also augumented by the adjuvant and inhibited by cyclosporin A. The percent of monocytes was not significantly altered, although a tendancy of early decrease by the adjuvant was noted.

Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome: Report of a case.: Hae Ryoun Park, Young Im Han, Mee Young Sol, Sun Kyung Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(2):263-267.

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Abstract PDF: Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCC syndrome) is a very rare autosomal dominant dermatopathy characterized by a primary triad with variable secondary anomalies. The chief features include nevoid basal cell carcinomas, one or more skeletal anomalies, and multiple odontogenic keratocysts of the jaw. We report a case of NBCC syndrome in a 43-year old male who had multiple nevoid basal cell carcinomas on the retroauricular area, face, chest wall, and back, which have been present since childhood. Skull x-rays revealed relatively well-circumscribed cystic, radiolucent lesions on bilateral rami of both upper and lower jaws, calcification of the falx cerebri, agenesis of the right coronoid process, and a bifid chin. The cystic lesions were histologically confirmed as keratocysts.

Verrucous Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix: A case report.: Mee Young Sol, Sook Tae Ha, Kang Suek Suh, Sun Kyung Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1985;19(4):427-430.

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Abstract PDF: Verrucous carcinoma is a highly differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma and is very rare in the uterine cervix. It infiltrates locally but practically never metastasizes. Authors present a case of verrucous carcinoma arising in the uterine cervix of a 48 year-old Korean female and review literatures about the verrucous carcinoma reported.

A Study on Serum Total Bile Acid in Patients with Various Liver Diseases.: Mee Young Sol, Jun Yeon Kim, Eun Yup Lee, Soon Ho Kim; Korean J Cytopathol. 1985;19(1):37-44.

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Abstract PDF: For the purpose to define the clinical usefulness of fasting serum total bile acid, the authors carried out to measure the serum total bile acid in 18 cases of acute hepatitis, 10 cases of chronic active hepatitis, 21 cases of liver cirrhosis, 7 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 35 cases of adult healthy control. Diagnosis were confirmed histopathologically in all the patients. Blood samples were obtained usually in the morning before meals from th anterior cubital vein of all the patients and adult healthy control in Pusan National University Hospital during the periods from January to August, 1984. Total bile acid was measured fluorome cally by means of an enzymatic technique. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The mean value of serum total bile acid in adult healthy subject in fasting was 2.6+/-2.3 umol/L. 2) The mean values of serum total bile acid were significantly higher in the patients with various liver diseases, as compared with those in adult healthy subjects. 3) In acute hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis, the percentages of abnormal values were significantly higher or tended to be higher in total bile acid, as compared with those in total bilirubin, ALP, LDH and GGT activity and tended to be lower in total bile acid, as compared with those in AST and ALT activity. 4) In liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, the percentages of abnormal values of total bile acid were significantly higher in the patients with above 100IU/L of AST activity, compared with those in the patients with 50~100IU/L of AST activity. 5) Total bile acid showed a significant correlation with total bilirubin and ALP in acute hepatitis, with total bilirubin in chronic active hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and with ALP in liver cirrhosis. On the basis of the results obtained, it was suggested the measurement of serum total bile acid is clinically a highly sensitive, useful test in diagnosis of various liver diseases.

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