Garud et al. (2017) [46] |
Breast cancer |
FNA cytology/175 (images) |
Decision Benign/cancer |
CNN |
None |
Image level decision acc. 89.7% |
Li and Ping (2018) [47] |
Lymph node metastasis |
CAMELYON16/400 (WSIs) |
Decision Yes/no |
CNN + CRF |
Color jitter, rotation, etc. |
Patch level decision acc. 93.8% |
Rannen Triki et al. (2018) [48] |
Breast cancer |
Frozen section OCT/4,921 (frames) |
Decision Benign/cancer |
CNN |
None |
Patch level decision acc. 94.96% |
Ehteshami Bejnordi et al. (2018) [49] |
Breast cancer |
BREAST Stamp/2,387 (WSIs) |
Decision Benign/cancer |
CNN + CNN |
None |
WSI level decision AUC 0.962 |
Litjens et al. (2016) [50] |
Lymph node metastasis |
Lymph node specimen/271 (samples) |
Decision Yes/no |
CNN |
None |
Sample level decision AUC 0.90 |
Cires¸ an et al. (2013) [51] |
Breast cancer |
MITOS/300 mitosis in 50 images |
Mitosis detection |
CNN |
Rotation, flip, etc. |
Detection F1-score 0.782 |
Teramoto et al. (2017) [52] |
Lung cancer |
FNA cytology/298 (images) |
Classification |
CNN |
Rotation, flip, etc. |
Overall classification acc. 71.1% |
Adeno-Squamous cell |
Small cell |
Yu et al. (2016) [53] |
Lung cancer |
TCGA-LUAD/1,074 |
Decision Benign/cancer |
SVM |
None |
Patch level decision AUC 0.85 |
TCGA-LUSC/1,111 |
Survival analysis |
Stanford TMA/294 (samples) |
Coudray et al. (2018) [54] |
Lung cancer |
TCGA lung cancer/1,635 (samples) |
Classification |
CNN |
None |
Overall classification AUC 0.97 |
Adeno-Squamous cell |
STK11 mutation decision AUC 0.85 |
Benign |
Multi-task decision |
Gene mutation |
Campanella et al. (2018) [55] |
Prostate cancer |
Needle biopsy/12,160 (samples) |
Decision Benign/cancer |
CNN (MIL) |
None |
Sample level decision AUC 0.979 |
Arvaniti et al. (2018) [56] |
Prostate cancer |
TMA/886 (samples) |
Classification Gleason score |
CNN +scoring rule |
Rotation, flip, color jitter |
Model-pathologist Cohen’s kappa 0.71 |
Zhou et al. (2017) [57] |
Prostate cancer |
TCGA-PRAD/368 (cases) |
Decision 3 + 4/4 + 3 |
CNN |
None |
Sample level decision acc. 75% |
Nagpal et al. (2018) [58] |
Prostate cancer |
TCGA-PRAD + others/train 1,226, test 331 (slides) |
Classification Gleason group |
CNN + k-NN |
None |
Overall classification acc. 70% |
|
|
|
Survival analysis |
|
|
C-index 0.697 |
Litjens et al. (2016) [50] |
Prostate cancer |
Needle biopsy / 225 (WSIs) |
Decision Benign/cancer |
CNN |
None |
Slide level decision AUC 0.99 |
Ertosun and Rubin (2015) [59] |
Brain cancer |
TCGA-GBM & LGG (unknown size) |
Classification |
CNN + CNN |
Color transform to H&E |
GBM/LGG decision acc. 96% |
GBM |
LGG grade decision acc. 71% |
LGG grade 2 |
LGG grade 3 |
Mobadersany et al. (2018) [60] |
Brain cancer |
TCGA-GBM & LGG/1,061 (samples) |
Survival analysis |
CNN |
Rotation, normalization |
C-index 0.754 |
Wu et al. (2018) [61] |
Ovarian cancer |
Biopsy/7,392 (images) |
Classification Subtypes |
CNN |
Rotation, image enhancement |
Overall classification acc. 78.2% |
Zhang et al. (2017) [62] |
Cervix cancer |
HEMLBC/1,978 Herlev/917 (images) |
Decision Benign/cancer |
CNN |
Rotation, translation, |
Image level decision AUC 0.99 |
Xu et al. (2017) [63] |
Sickle cell disease |
Red-blood cell/7,206 (patches) |
Classification Cell types |
CNN |
Rotation, flip, translation, etc. |
Cell level classification acc. 87.5% |
Meier et al. (2018) [64] |
Gastric cancer |
TMA/469 (samples) CD8/Ki67 IHC |
Survival analysis |
CNN |
None |
Stratification by risk successful (p < .01) |
Xie et al. (2016) [65] |
- |
Synthetic fluorescence microscopy cell/200 (images) |
Cell counting |
CNN |
None |
Mean absolute error < 2% |
Tuominen et al. (2010) [66] |
- |
IHC stained breast cancer slides/100 |
Cell counting |
Comp. vision |
None |
Correlation coefficient 0.98 |