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Molecular biomarker testing for non–small cell lung cancer: consensus statement of the Korean Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group
Sunhee Chang, Hyo Sup Shim, Tae Jung Kim, Yoon-La Choi, Wan Seop Kim, Dong Hoon Shin, Lucia Kim, Heae Surng Park, Geon Kook Lee, Chang Hun Lee
J Pathol Transl Med. 2021;55(3):181-191.   Published online May 11, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.03.23
  • 12,597 View
  • 347 Download
  • 17 Web of Science
  • 15 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Molecular biomarker testing is the standard of care for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In 2017, the Korean Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group and the Korean Molecular Pathology Study Group co-published a molecular testing guideline which contained almost all known genetic changes that aid in treatment decisions or predict prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Since then there have been significant changes in targeted therapies as well as molecular testing including newly approved targeted drugs and liquid biopsy. In order to reflect these changes, the Korean Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group developed a consensus statement on molecular biomarker testing. This consensus statement was crafted to provide guidance on what genes should be tested, as well as methodology, samples, patient selection, reporting and quality control.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Discovery of mutations predictive of survival benefit from immunotherapy in first-line NSCLC: A retrospective machine learning study of IMpower150 liquid biopsy data
    Min Yuan, Wei Feng, Haolun Ding, Yaning Yang, Xu Steven Xu
    Computers in Biology and Medicine.2025; 189: 109964.     CrossRef
  • Clinical utility of the Oncomine Dx Target Testmulti‐CDxsystem and the possibility of utilizing those original sequence data
    Ayaka Saito, Hideki Terai, Tae‐Jung Kim, Katsura Emoto, Ryutaro Kawano, Kohei Nakamura, Hideyuki Hayashi, Hatsuyo Takaoka, Akihiko Ogata, Katsuhito Kinoshita, Fumimaro Ito, Lisa Shigematsu, Masahiko Okada, Takahiro Fukushima, Akifumi Mitsuishi, Taro Shino
    Cancer Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clinicopathologic and Molecular Characteristics of HER2 (ERBB2)-Altered Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Implications for Precision Medicine
    Yurimi Lee, Boram Lee, Yoon-La Choi, Dong-Wook Kang, Joungho Han
    Modern Pathology.2024; 37(6): 100490.     CrossRef
  • Pleural effusion supernatant: a reliable resource for cell-free DNA in molecular testing of lung cancer
    Shilpi Thakur, Amber Rathor, Surabhi Jain, Aruna Nambirajan, Sachin Khurana, Prabhat Singh Malik, Deepali Jain
    Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology.2024; 13(4): 291.     CrossRef
  • A Novel Dual-labeled Peptide for Multimodal Imaging of EGFR with L858R Mutation
    Myoung Hyoun Kim, Seul-Gi Kim, Dae-Weung Kim
    Current Radiopharmaceuticals.2024; 17(2): 174.     CrossRef
  • The Advantage of Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing over qPCR in Testing for Druggable EGFR Variants in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
    Adam Szpechcinski, Joanna Moes-Sosnowska, Paulina Skronska, Urszula Lechowicz, Magdalena Pelc, Malgorzata Szolkowska, Piotr Rudzinski, Emil Wojda, Krystyna Maszkowska-Kopij, Renata Langfort, Tadeusz Orlowski, Pawel Sliwinski, Mateusz Polaczek, Joanna Chor
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(14): 7908.     CrossRef
  • Cost-effectiveness of next-generation sequencing for advanced EGFR/ALK-negative non-small cell lung cancer
    Dong-Won Kang, Sun-Kyeong Park, Sokbom Kang, Eui-Kyung Lee
    Lung Cancer.2024; 197: 107970.     CrossRef
  • FACILITATE: A real-world, multicenter, prospective study investigating the utility of a rapid, fully automated real-time PCR assay versus local reference methods for detecting epidermal growth factor receptor variants in NSCLC
    Anke Behnke, Anne Cayre, Giovanna De Maglio, Giuseppe Giannini, Lionel Habran, Marina Tarsitano, Massimiliano Chetta, David Cappellen, Alexandra Lespagnol, Cecile Le Naoures, Gabriella Massazza, Annarita Destro, Irina Bonzheim, Achim Rau, Achim Battmann,
    Pathology and Oncology Research.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Problems in the Pathologic Diagnosis of Suspected Lung Cancer
    Soo Han Kim, Mi-Hyun Kim, Min Ki Lee, Jung Seop Eom
    Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2023; 86(3): 176.     CrossRef
  • Mesonephric-like Adenocarcinoma of the Ovary: Clinicopathological and Molecular Characteristics
    Hyun Hee Koh, Eunhyang Park, Hyun-Soo Kim
    Diagnostics.2022; 12(2): 326.     CrossRef
  • Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma of the Uterus: Clinicopathological and Molecular Characteristics
    Yurimi Lee, Kiyong Na, Ha Young Woo, Hyun-Soo Kim
    Diagnostics.2022; 12(5): 1102.     CrossRef
  • Landscape of EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma: a single institute experience with comparison of PANAMutyper testing and targeted next-generation sequencing
    Jeonghyo Lee, Yeon Bi Han, Hyun Jung Kwon, Song Kook Lee, Hyojin Kim, Jin-Haeng Chung
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2022; 56(5): 249.     CrossRef
  • Biomarker testing of cytology specimens in personalized medicine for lung cancer patients
    Hyojin Kim, Jin-Haeng Chung
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2022; 56(6): 326.     CrossRef
  • Usefulness of BRAF VE1 immunohistochemistry in non–small cell lung cancers: a multi-institutional study by 15 pathologists in Korea
    Sunhee Chang, Yoon-La Choi, Hyo Sup Shim, Geon Kook Lee, Seung Yeon Ha
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2022; 56(6): 334.     CrossRef
  • Lung Cancer in Korea
    Sehhoon Park, Chang-Min Choi, Seung-Sik Hwang, Yoon-La Choi, Hyae Young Kim, Young-Chul Kim, Young Tae Kim, Ho Yun Lee, Si Yeol Song, Myung-Ju Ahn
    Journal of Thoracic Oncology.2021; 16(12): 1988.     CrossRef
Provisional Guideline Recommendation for EGFR Gene Mutation Testing in Liquid Samples of Lung Cancer Patients: A Proposal by the Korean Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group
Dong Hoon Shin, Hyo Sup Shim, Tae Jung Kim, Heae Surng Park, Yun La Choi, Wan Seop Kim, Lucia Kim, Sun Hee Chang, Joon Seon Song, Hyo jin Kim, Jung Ho Han, Chang Hun Lee, Geon Kook Lee, Se Jin Jang
J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(3):153-158.   Published online February 28, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.02.22
  • 10,552 View
  • 265 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Liquid biopsy for detection of mutation from circulating tumor DNA is a new technology which is attractive in that it is non-invasive. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is an effective first line drug for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients who harbor activating EGFR mutation. During the course of treatment, resistance against TKI arises which can be contributed to EGFR T790M mutation in about 50–60% of patients. Third generation TKI may overcome the resistance. In patients who cannot undergo tissue biopsy due to variable reasons, liquid biopsy is an excellent alternative for the detection of EGFR T790M mutation. However, this relatively novel method requires standardization and vigorous quality insurance. Thus, a standard set of guideline recommendations for liquid biopsy for EGFR mutation testing suitable for the Korean medical community is necessary. In this article, we propose a set of provisional guideline recommendations that was discussed and approved by the Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Comparison of tissue-based and plasma-based testing for EGFR mutation in non–small cell lung cancer patients
    Yoon Kyung Kang, Dong Hoon Shin, Joon Young Park, Chung Su Hwang, Hyun Jung Lee, Jung Hee Lee, Jee Yeon Kim, JooYoung Na
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2025; 59(1): 60.     CrossRef
  • Improving non-small-cell lung cancer survival through molecular characterization: Perspective of a multidisciplinary expert panel
    M.G.O. Fernandes, A.S. Vilariça, B. Fernandes, C. Camacho, C. Saraiva, F. Estevinho, H. Novais e Bastos, J.M. Lopes, P. Fidalgo, P. Garrido, S. Alves, S. Silva, T. Sequeira, F. Barata
    Pulmonology.2024; 30(1): 4.     CrossRef
  • Unlocking the future of cancer diagnosis – promises and challenges of ctDNA-based liquid biopsies in non-small cell lung cancer
    Chiara Reina, Berina Šabanović, Chiara Lazzari, Vanesa Gregorc, Christopher Heeschen
    Translational Research.2024; 272: 41.     CrossRef
  • Exosomes in Lung Cancer: Actors and Heralds of Tumor Development
    Amaia Sandúa, Estibaliz Alegre, Álvaro González
    Cancers.2021; 13(17): 4330.     CrossRef
  • Molecular biomarker testing for non–small cell lung cancer: consensus statement of the Korean Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group
    Sunhee Chang, Hyo Sup Shim, Tae Jung Kim, Yoon-La Choi, Wan Seop Kim, Dong Hoon Shin, Lucia Kim, Heae Surng Park, Geon Kook Lee, Chang Hun Lee
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2021; 55(3): 181.     CrossRef
  • Current status and future perspectives of liquid biopsy in non-small cell lung cancer
    Sunhee Chang, Jae Young Hur, Yoon-La Choi, Chang Hun Lee, Wan Seop Kim
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2020; 54(3): 204.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of T790M mutation among TKI-therapy resistant Lebanese lung cancer patients based on liquid biopsy analysis: a first report from a major tertiary care center
    Hazem Assi, Arafat Tfayli, Nada Assaf, Sarah Abou Daya, Aram H. Bidikian, Dima Kawsarani, Puzant Fermanian, Ghazi Zaatari, Rami Mahfouz
    Molecular Biology Reports.2019; 46(4): 3671.     CrossRef
Original Article
WITHDRAWN:A Clinicopathologic Study of 220 Cases of Pulmonary Sclerosing Pneumocytoma in Korea: A Nationwide Survey
Myunghee Kang, Seung Yeon Ha, Joung Ho Han, Mee Sook Roh, Se Jin Jang, Hee Jin Lee, Heae Surng Park, Geon Kook Lee, Kyo Young Lee, Jin-Haeng Chung, Yoo Duk Choi, Chang Hun Lee, Lucia Kim, Myoung Ja Chung, Soon Hee Jung, Gou Young Kim, Wan-Seop Kim
Received April 4, 2018  Accepted July 9, 2018  Published online July 16, 2018  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.07.10    [Accepted]
  • 5,658 View
  • 63 Download
Review
Molecular Testing of Lung Cancers
Hyo Sup Shim, Yoon-La Choi, Lucia Kim, Sunhee Chang, Wan-Seop Kim, Mee Sook Roh, Tae-Jung Kim, Seung Yeon Ha, Jin-Haeng Chung, Se Jin Jang, Geon Kook Lee
J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(3):242-254.   Published online April 21, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.04.10
  • 17,988 View
  • 616 Download
  • 28 Web of Science
  • 28 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Targeted therapies guided by molecular diagnostics have become a standard treatment of lung cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements are currently used as the best predictive biomarkers for EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and ALK inhibitors, respectively. Besides EGFR and ALK, the list of druggable genetic alterations has been growing, including ROS1 rearrangements, RET rearrangements, and MET alterations. In this situation, pathologists should carefully manage clinical samples for molecular testing and should do their best to quickly and accurately identify patients who will benefit from precision therapeutics. Here, we grouped molecular biomarkers of lung cancers into three categories—mutations, gene rearrangements, and amplifications—and propose expanded guidelines on molecular testing of lung cancers.

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    Lung Cancer.2024; 197: 107970.     CrossRef
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    Jeonghyo Lee, Yeon Bi Han, Hyun Jung Kwon, Song Kook Lee, Hyojin Kim, Jin-Haeng Chung
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2022; 56(5): 249.     CrossRef
  • Molecular biomarker testing for non–small cell lung cancer: consensus statement of the Korean Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group
    Sunhee Chang, Hyo Sup Shim, Tae Jung Kim, Yoon-La Choi, Wan Seop Kim, Dong Hoon Shin, Lucia Kim, Heae Surng Park, Geon Kook Lee, Chang Hun Lee
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2021; 55(3): 181.     CrossRef
  • TM4SF4 and LRRK2 Are Potential Therapeutic Targets in Lung and Breast Cancers through Outlier Analysis
    Kyungsoo Jung, Joon-Seok Choi, Beom-Mo Koo, Yu Jin Kim, Ji-Young Song, Minjung Sung, Eun Sol Chang, Ka-Won Noh, Sungbin An, Mi-Sook Lee, Kyoung Song, Hannah Lee, Ryong Nam Kim, Young Kee Shin, Doo-Yi Oh, Yoon-La Choi
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Original Articles
Prognostic Implication of Semi-quantitative Immunohistochemical Assessment of CD20 Expression in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Chang Hwan Choi, Young Hoon Park, Joo Han Lim, Suk Jin Choi, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu
J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(2):96-103.   Published online February 15, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.01.12
  • 11,536 View
  • 135 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
  • 12 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Immunohistochemical demonstration of CD20 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is prerequisite not only for the diagnosis but also for assigning patients to rituximab-containing chemotherapy. However, little is known about the impact of abundance of CD20 expression assessed by immunohistochemistry on the clinical outcome of DLBCL. We performed a semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of CD20 expression in DLBCL to examine the prognostic implication of the level of CD20 expression. Methods: Pre-treatment diagnostic tissue samples from 48 DLBCL patients who were treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) regimen were represented in a tissue microarray and immunostained for CD20. The relative abundance of CD20 expression was semi-quantitatively scored using a web-based ImmunoMembrane plug-in. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine a prognostically relevant cut-off score in order to dichotomize the patients into CD20-high versus CD20-low groups. Results: The levels of CD20 expression were heterogeneous among the patients, with a wide and linear distribution of scores. Patients in CD20-low group showed significantly poor clinical outcome. Conclusions: The levels of CD20 expression in DLBCL are heterogeneous among the patients with DLBCL. A subgroup of the patients with CD20 expression levels below the cut-off score showed poor clinical outcome.

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Analysis of Mutations in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene in Korean Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Summary of a Nationwide Survey
Sang Hwa Lee, Wan Seop Kim, Yoo Duk Choi, Jeong Wook Seo, Joung Ho Han, Mi Jin Kim, Lucia Kim, Geon Kook Lee, Chang Hun Lee, Mee Hye Oh, Gou Young Kim, Sun Hee Sung, Kyo Young Lee, Sun Hee Chang, Mee Sook Rho, Han Kyeom Kim, Soon Hee Jung, Se Jin Jang, The Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group of Korean Society of Pathologists
J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(6):481-488.   Published online October 13, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.09.14
  • 12,724 View
  • 108 Download
  • 22 Web of Science
  • 25 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Analysis of mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) is important for predicting response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The overall rate of EGFR mutations in Korean patients is variable. To obtain comprehensive data on the status of EGFR mutations in Korean patients with lung cancer, the Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists initiated a nationwide survey. Methods: We obtained 1,753 reports on EGFR mutations in patients with lung cancer from 15 hospitals between January and December 2009. We compared EGFR mutations with patient age, sex, history of smoking, histologic diagnosis, specimen type, procurement site, tumor cell dissection, and laboratory status. Results: The overall EGFR mutation rate was 34.3% in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 43.3% in patients with adenocarcinoma. EGFR mutation rate was significantly higher in women, never smokers, patients with adenocarcinoma, and patients who had undergone excisional biopsy. EGFR mutation rates did not differ with respect to patient age or procurement site among patients with NSCLC. Conclusions: EGFR mutation rates and statuses were similar to those in published data from other East Asian countries.

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Brief Case Report
Myoepithelial Carcinoma of Soft Tissue: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Chang Hwan Choi, Young Chae Chu, Lucia Kim, Suk Jin Choi, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim
Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(6):413-417.   Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.6.413
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PDF

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Original Articles
Preparation of Compact Agarose Cell Blocks from the Residues of Liquid-Based Cytology Samples
Suk Jin Choi, Yeon Il Choi, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu
Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(5):351-360.   Published online October 27, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.5.351
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background: Inevitable loss of diagnostic material should be minimized during cell block preparation. We introduce a modified agarose cell block technique that enables the synthesis of compact cell blocks by using the entirety of a cell pellet without the loss of diagnostic material during cell block preparations. The feasibility of this technique is illustrated by high-throughput immunocytochemistry using high-density cell block microarray (CMA). Methods: The cell pellets of Sure- Path residues were pre-embedded in ultra-low gelling temperature agarose gel and re-embedded in standard agarose gel. They were fixed, processed, and embedded in paraffin using the same method as tissue sample processing. The resulting agarose cell blocks were trimmed and represented on a CMA for high-throughput analysis using immunocytochemical staining. Results: The SurePath residues were effectively and entirely incorporated into compact agarose cell buttons and embedded in paraffin. Sections of the agarose cell blocks revealed cellularities that correlated well with corresponding SurePath smears and had immunocytochemical features that were sufficient for diagnosis of difficult cases. Conclusions: This agarose-based compact cell block technique enables preparation of high-quality cell blocks by using up the residual SurePath samples without loss of diagnostic material during cell block preparation.

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The Clinicopathological Significance of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Associated Protein Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Kyu Ho Kim, Lucia Kim, Suk Jin Choi, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu, Young-Mo Kim, In Suh Park, Joo Han Lim
Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(4):263-269.   Published online August 26, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.4.263
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) has an important role in invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the roles of EMT-associated proteins on progression and metastasis as a prognostic/predictive factor in curatively-resected (R0) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods

A total of 118 patients who received curative surgery for HNSCC at Inha University Hospital between January 1996 and December 2011 were included. We used protein immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of E-cadherin, vimentin, and EZH2 on tissue microarrays. Also, we reviewed all medical records and analyzed the relationship between the expression of EMT-associated proteins and prognosis.

Results

The E-cadherin-negative group showed more moderate/poor differentiation of cancer cell type than the higher E-cadherin-expressing group (p=.016) and high EZH2 expression was significantly correlated with nodal metastasis (p=.012). Our results demonstrate a significant association between high expression of EZH2 and vimentin and presence of distant progression (p=.026). However, expression of E-cadherin, vimentin, and EZH2 was not significantly associated with overall survival.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that an EMT-associated protein expression profile is correlated with aggressiveness of disease and prognosis, and could be a useful marker for determination of additional treatment in curatively-resected HNSCC patients.

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Review
Guideline Recommendations for Testing of ALK Gene Rearrangement in Lung Cancer: A Proposal of the Korean Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group
Hyojin Kim, Hyo Sup Shim, Lucia Kim, Tae-Jung Kim, Kun Young Kwon, Geon Kook Lee, Jin-Haeng Chung
Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(1):1-9.   Published online February 25, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.1.1
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AbstractAbstract PDF

Rearrangement of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene is the best predictor of response to crizotinib, an ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor. However, the prevalence of the ALK fusion is low, so accurate patient identification is crucial for successful treatment using ALK inhibitors. Furthermore, most patients with lung cancer present with advanced-stage disease at the time of diagnosis, so it is important for pathologists to detect ALK-rearranged patients while effectively maximizing small biopsy or cytology specimens. In this review, we propose a guideline recommendation for ALK testing approved by the Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists.

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    Mee Sook Roh
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Original Articles
Cytological Findings of the Micropapillary Variant of Urothelial Carcinoma: A Comparison with Typical High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma
Kyu-Ho Kim, Chang-Hwan Choi, Jee-Young Han, Lucia Kim, Suk-Jin Choi, In-Suh Park, Joon-Mee Kim, Young-Chae Chu
Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(4):365-371.   Published online August 26, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.4.365
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Micropapillary variant of urothelial carcinoma (MPUC) showed distinct pathologic features and aggressive behavior. The cytologic findings of MPUC are still indistinct. In this study, we evaluated the cytological findings of MPUC compared with those of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC).

Methods

The voided urine cytology of 8 cases of MPUC and 8 cases of HGUC was reviewed. Following cytological parameters were evaluated: cellularity, background, number of small, tight papillary clusters, small acinar structure, scattered single cells, cytoplasmic features, nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear pleomorphism, nuclear membrane irregularity, hyperchromasia, chromatin pattern and nucleoli.

Results

Compared to that of HGUC, cytology of MPUC showed large numbers of small, tight papillary clusters, small acinar structure, few numbers of single cells, and hyperchromatic nuclei. Other parameters were similar between the two groups; both groups showed similar cellularity, dense or vacuolated cytoplasm, moderate to severe nuclear pleomorphism, irregular nuclear membrane, coarse granular chromatin, and small and prominent nucleoli.

Conclusions

The urine cytology of MPUCs showed smaller and tighter papillary cell clusters, more small acinar structures, fewer numbers of scattered single cells, and more hyperchromatic nuclei than that of HGUC. These features can help to distinguish MPUC and HGUC and offer an early cytological diagnosis of MPUC.

Citations

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  • Cytologic features of micropapillary variant urothelial carcinoma in urinary tract cytology: Case series and review of literature
    Nancy Y. Greenland, Yue Peng, Poonam Vohra, Z. Laura Tabatabai
    Diagnostic Cytopathology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cyto-histo correlations of plasmacytoid and micropapillary variants of high-grade urothelial carcinoma: do they fit well in The Paris System for reporting urinary cytology?
    Liye Suo, Ivonne Vega, Michael Thrall
    Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology.2021; 10(1): 20.     CrossRef
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    Sanghui Park, Min‐Sun Cho, Kwang Hyun Kim
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  • Two cases with the micropapillary variant of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder
    Akiko KAGOTANI, Mitsuaki ISHIDA, Muneo IWAI, Nozomi IWAMOTO, Nozomi KASUGA, Yuji HAYASHI, Yoshimitsu MIYAHIRA, Ryoji KUSHIMA
    The Journal of the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology.2016; 55(3): 165.     CrossRef
In-house Manual Construction of High-Density and High-Quality Tissue Microarrays by Using Homemade Recipient Agarose-Paraffin Blocks
Kyu Ho Kim, Suk Jin Choi, Yeon Il Choi, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu
Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(3):238-244.   Published online June 25, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.3.238
  • 11,617 View
  • 94 Download
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Self-made tissue punches can be effectively used to punch holes in blank recipient paraffin blocks and extract tissue cores from the donor paraffin blocks for the low-cost construction of tissue microarrays (TMAs). However, variable degrees of section distortion and loss of the tissue cores can occurs during cutting of the TMAs, posing technical problems for in-house manual construction of high-density TMAs. We aimed to update the method for in-house manual TMA construction to improve the quality of high-density TMAs.

Methods

Blocks of agarose gel were subjected to the standard tissue processing and embedding procedure to prepare recipient agarose-paraffin blocks. The self-made tissue punches and recipient agarose-paraffin blocks were used to construct TMAs, which were completely melted and re-embedded in paraffin to make finished TMA blocks.

Results

The donor tissue cores were completely integrated into the surrounding paraffin of the recipient blocks. This method enabled us to construct high-density TMAs with significantly less section distortion or loss of tissue cores during microtomy.

Conclusions

Simple and inexpensive construction of high-density and high-quality TMAs can be warranted by using paraffinized agarose gels as recipient blocks.

Citations

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  • Using Quality Function Deployment to Design an Image-Guided, Multibiopsy Tool for Neurosurgical Applications
    Kaytlin Andrews, Hunter Dejean, Cameron MacLeod, Kate Prieditis, Heidi-Lynn Ploeg, James Purzner, Teresa Purzner
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No Detection of Simian Virus 40 in Malignant Mesothelioma in Korea
Minseob Eom, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Sun-Mi Park, Joung Ho Han, Soon Won Hong, Kun Young Kwon, Eun Suk Ko, Lucia Kim, Wan Seop Kim, Seung Yeon Ha, Kyo Young Lee, Chang Hun Lee, Hye Kyoung Yoon, Yoo Duk Choi, Myoung Ja Chung, Soon-Hee Jung
Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(2):124-129.   Published online April 24, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.2.124
  • 10,360 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Simian virus 40 (SV40), a polyomavirus, was discovered as a contaminant of a human polio vaccine in the 1960s. It is known that malignant mesothelioma (MM) is associated with SV40, and that the virus works as a cofactor to the carcinogenetic effects of asbestos. However, the reports about the correlation between SV40 and MM have not been consistent. The purpose of this study is to identify SV40 in MM tissue in Korea through detection of SV40 protein and DNA.

Methods

We analyzed 62 cases of available paraffin-blocks enrolled through the Korean Malignant Mesothelioma Surveillance System and performed immunohistochemistry for SV40 protein and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SV40 DNA.

Results

Of 62 total cases, 40 had disease involving the pleura (64.5%), and 29 (46.8%) were found to be of the epithelioid subtype. Immunostaining demonstrated that all examined tissues were negative for SV40 protein. Sufficient DNA was extracted for real-time PCR analysis from 36 cases. Quantitative PCR of these samples showed no increase in SV40 transcript compared to the negative controls.

Conclusions

SV40 is not associated with the development of MM in Korea.

Citations

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    Ru-ai Liu, Bo-yong Wang, Xin Chen, Yuan-qian Pu, Jia-ji Zi, Wen Mei, Ye-pin Zhang, Lu Qiu, Wei Xiong
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Review & Perspective
Guideline Recommendations for EGFR Mutation Testing in Lung Cancer: Proposal of the Korean Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group
Hyo Sup Shim, Jin-Haeng Chung, Lucia Kim, Sunhee Chang, Wan-Seop Kim, Geon Kook Lee, Soon-Hee Jung, Se Jin Jang
Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(2):100-106.   Published online April 24, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.2.100
  • 12,497 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF

Mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are the strongest predictive factor for response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as gefitinib and erlotinib. EGFR TKIs are approved in Korea as a first-line treatment for lung cancer patients with mutated EGFR. Rapid and accurate EGFR mutation testing is essential for patient selection and establishing targeted therapies with EGFR TKIs. Thus, a standard set of guideline recommendations for EGFR mutation testing suitable for the Korean medical community is necessary. In this article, we propose a set of guideline recommendations for EGFR mutation testing that was discussed and approved by the Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists.

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Case Study
Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor with Osseous Component of the Small Bowel Mesentery: A Case Study
Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu, Chang Hwan Choi, Lucia Kim, Suk Jin Choi, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Kyung Rae Kim, Yoon-La Choi, Taeeun Kim
Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(1):77-81.   Published online February 25, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.1.77
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AbstractAbstract PDF

A case of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the small bowel mesentery with osseous component is reported. A 23-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of acute severe abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a large solid and cystic, oval shaped mass, measuring 11.0×6.0 cm in the pelvic cavity. Histologically the resected lesion consisted of sheets of undifferentiated small round cells forming Homer-Wright rosettes and perivascular pseudorosettes, and showed areas of osteoid and bone formation. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that tumor cells expressed positivity against CD99 (MIC2), CD57, neuron-specific enolase, and vimentin. Fluorescence in situ hybridization study revealed Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) gene rearrangement on chromosome 22q12. To the authors' knowledge this is the first documentation of a peripheral neuroectodermal tumor with osteoid and bone formation of the small bowel mesentery.

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Original Article
Construction of High-Density Tissue Microarrays at Low Cost by Using Self-Made Manual Microarray Kits and Recipient Paraffin Blocks
Chang Hwan Choi, Kyu Ho Kim, Ju Young Song, Suk Jin Choi, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu
Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(6):562-568.   Published online December 26, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.6.562
  • 12,031 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Advances of tissue microarray (TMA) technology have enabled simultaneous in situ analysis of biomarker expression in a large number of archived pathology specimens. However, the relatively high cost of TMA construction may hamper many researchers from using this essential tool of modern pathology research. We discuss methods for making TMA kits and recipient blocks for manual construction of high-density TMAs at low cost.

Methods

Ordinary cannula piercing needles, hypodermic needles, bone marrow biopsy needles, metallic ink cartridges of ballpoint pens, and disposable skin biopsy punches were used to construct self-made manual TMA kits. The recipient blocks were manufactured by boring holes in the conventional bare paraffin blocks. A mini electric hand drill and a microcompound table assembled on a drill stand were used to maximize the capacity of the recipient blocks.

Results

By using TMA kits made from cannula piercing needles (16- and 18-gauge), it was possible to construct TMAs with 1 mm×140 cores, 0.6 mm×320 cores, 2 mm×70 cores, 3 mm×35 cores, and 5 mm×12 cores. The capacity of the recipient blocks could be dramatically increased by drilling holes.

Conclusions

Construction of TMAs using self-made TMA kits is an inexpensive alternative to construction of TMAs using commercial devices.

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    Kathleen Barrette, Joost J. van den Oord, Marjan Garmyn
    Journal of Investigative Dermatology.2014; 134(9): 1.     CrossRef
  • Altered Expression of PTEN and Its Major Regulator MicroRNA-21 in Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors
    Hyoun Wook Lee, Seung Yeon Ha, Mee Sook Roh
    Korean Journal of Pathology.2014; 48(1): 17.     CrossRef
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    Hua Chang, Diane Peluso, Sadiq Hussain, Michail Shipitsin, Peter Blume-Jensen
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    Kyu Ho Kim, Suk Jin Choi, Yeon Il Choi, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu
    Korean Journal of Pathology.2013; 47(3): 238.     CrossRef
Case Reports
Granular Cell Astrocytoma: Report of a Case
Kyu Ho Kim, Ju Young Song, Chang Hwan Choi, Lucia Kim, Suk Jin Choi, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu, In Suh Park
Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(4):370-372.   Published online August 23, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.4.370
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AbstractAbstract PDF

We report here a rare case of granular cell astrocytoma. A 75-year-old man was admitted to Inha University Hospital with a three-month history of language deterioration. In a magnetic resonance imaging, a 6.5 cm-sized heterogeneous enhancing mass was seen in both the frontal lobes and the anterior genu of the corpus callosum. A stereotactic biopsy was performed. The tumor was composed of large and small round cells with abundant intracytoplasmic granules. The nuclei were bland, round to oval, and often eccentrically located. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells was positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and S-100 protein.

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    Hemlata Jangir, Charli Roy, Amandeep Kumar, Ajay Garg, Mehar Chand Sharma, Vaishali Suri
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    Alan A George, Gregory N Fuller, Lauren A Langford, Clayton D Simon, Amy A Zingalis, Derek A Mathis
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Cytologic Findings of Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Urethra: A Case Report
Jee-Young Han, Kyu-Ho Kim, Lucia Kim, Suk-Jin Choi, In-Suh Park, Joon-Mee Kim, Young-Chae Chu, Sang-Min Yoon
Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(2):210-214.   Published online April 25, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.2.210
  • 9,801 View
  • 59 Download
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AbstractAbstract PDF

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra is a rare disease entity with an uncertain histogenesis. Here, we present a case of primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the female urethra with its cytological findings. A 54-year-old woman presented with a painless gross hematuria lasting 3 months. On vaginal sonography, there was a sausage-like, elongated mass in the urethra, measuring 3.8×4.3 cm. The voided urine cytology revealed small clusters of rounded or papillary cells. The necrotic debris and inflammatory cells were present within some clusters of tumor cells. These tumor cells were enlarged and had abundant clear or granular cytoplasm with cytoplasmic vacuoles. The nucleus was granular and contained vesicular chromatin with prominent nucleoli. The hobnail cells and hyaline globules were also present as in a histologic section. The histologic findings were compatible with clear cell adenocarcinoma. The tumor showed distinctive cytological features. Cytologically, however, it is necessary to make a differential diagnosis from other adenocarcinoma or high-grade urothelial carcinoma.

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  • Cytological and histological findings of upper tract mucinous urothelial carcinoma with clear cell component: A case report and review of literature
    Go Kobayashi, Naohiro Uraoka, Kazuhiro Sentani, Jun Shibata, Ryosuke Nobuhiro, Yoichi Saito, Daiki Taniyama, Masanori Hanamoto, Hiroyuki Nose, Naohide Oue
    Diagnostic Cytopathology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Presentación de reporte de caso: adenocarcinoma de célula clara de uretra
    Nataly González, Yuly Ramirez, Jose Szelezsán, Daniel Rojas
    Revista Urología Colombiana / Colombian Urology Journal.2018; 27(02): 191.     CrossRef
  • Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Urethra: Review of the Literature
    Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo
    International Journal of Surgical Oncology.2015; 2015: 1.     CrossRef
Adenocarcinoma with Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm Arising in Jejunal Heterotopic Pancreas
Ju Young Song, Jee Young Han, Sun Keun Choi, Lucia Kim, Suk Jin Choi, In Suh Park, Young Chae Chu, Kyu Ho Kim, Joon Mee Kim
Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(1):96-100.   Published online February 23, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.1.96
  • 10,461 View
  • 65 Download
  • 17 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF

A 74-year-old man suffered from jejunal perforation and adhesion to sigmoid colon due to adenocarcinoma associated with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) arising in a jejunal heterotopic pancreas. The jejunal lesion showed direct extension to the sigmoid colon, which was mistaken as sigmoid colon cancer by surgeons. Malignant transformation is a rare complication of a heterotopic pancreas. About half of malignancies in reported cases were ductal adenocarcinoma arising in the stomach, and the jejunal location is extremely rare. Furthermore, IPMN is also uncommon finding in a heterotopic pancreas.

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  • A case of jejunal cancer arising from ectopic pancreas
    Makoto Eizuka, Yosuke Toya, Ryo Sugimoto, Mizuki Komai, Ako Yamada, Taku Kimura, Shunichi Yanai, Naoki Yanagawa, Akira Sasaki, Takayuki Matsumoto
    Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology.2025; 18(4): 610.     CrossRef
  • Primary adenocarcinoma from a gastric heterotopic pancreas: A case report
    Ya-Xin Wang, Jing Wang, Shi-Xiu Liang, Qi Wu
    World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm Arising Within Heterotopic Pancreas Tissue of the Stomach
    Rinrada Worapongpaiboon, Kasenee Tiankanon, Benjamin L. Mazer, Saowanee Ngamruengphong
    ACG Case Reports Journal.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm Arising from Heterotopic Pancreas in Stomach: A Case Report and Review of Literature
    Yu Pang, Yuyu Liu, Qinqin Liu, Gang Hou
    International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2023; 31(5): 708.     CrossRef
  • Clinicopathological features of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm derived from ectopic pancreas: A systematic review
    Jiro Kimura, Takehiro Okabayashi, Kenta Sui, Takahiro Murokawa, Motoyasu Tabuchi, Masaki Aida, Jun Iwata, Yasuhiro Hata
    Surgery Open Science.2022; 8: 62.     CrossRef
  • Clinicopathological Features of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm Derived from Ectopic Pancreas: A Systematic Review
    Jiro Kimura, Takehiro Okabayashi, Kenta Sui, Takahiro Murokawa, Motoyasu Tabuchi, Masaki Aida, Jun Iwata, Yasuhiro Hata
    SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Irina M. Cazacu, Adriana Alexandra Luzuriaga Chavez, Graciela M. Nogueras Gonzalez, Adrian Saftoiu, Manoop S. Bhutani
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    Eiji Noda, Kenji Kuroda, Tomohisa Sera, Takuya Mori, Haruhito Kinoshita, Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, Hitoshi Teraoka, Takaaki Chikugo
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    Sun-Young Jun, Dahye Son, Mi-Ju Kim, Sung Joo Kim, Soyeon An, Young Soo Park, Sook Ryun Park, Kee Don Choi, Hwoon-Yong Jung, Song Cheol Kim, Jeong Hwan Yook, Byung-Sik Kim, Seung-Mo Hong
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    Payal Saxena, Deborah Belchis, Anne Marie Lennon
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    Yusuke Yamaoka, Tomohiro Yamaguchi, Yusuke Kinugasa, Akio Shiomi, Hiroyasu Kagawa, Yushi Yamakawa, Masakatsu Numata, Shinya Sugimoto, Kenichiro Imai, Kinichi Hotta, Keiko Sasaki
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Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic Findings of Angiosarcoma: Report of Two Cases.
Jin Xian Ji, Young Chae Chu, Lucia Kim, Suk Jin Choi, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Kyu Ho Kim, Ju Young Song
Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(2):217-222.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.2.217
  • 4,985 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant vascular neoplasm which can arise in any part of the body. Specific recognition of this neoplasm in cytological specimens is difficult in the absence of an ancillary method. Herein, we present the cytologic findings of two cases of angiosarcomas diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology. One case is a recurred angiosarcoma in the left chest wall and the other case is a lymphedema-associated angiosarcoma in the left lower leg. The cytologic findings of both cases are similar. Cytologic features that identified this neoplasm as an angiosarcoma included arborizing microtissue fragments, irregular anastomosing vascular spaces lined by atypical cells, microacini, intracytoplasmic lumen, and intracellular red blood cells, marked cell discohesiveness, spindle to ovoid, irregular, hyperchromatic nuclei, and elongated cytoplasmic processes with indistinct borders. This report emphasizes that when aspiration smears show vasoformative features in a bloody background, angiosarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis.

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  • A Case Series and Literature Review of Angiosarcoma With Malignant Effusion—A Challenging Cytologic Diagnosis With Dire Prognostic Implications
    Jamie C. Y. Lam, Iris Y. H. Liu, Joanna K. M. Ng, Joshua J. X. Li
    Diagnostic Cytopathology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Four newly reported ophichthid leptocephali species revealed by mitochondrial 12S rDNA, with implications of their occurrence in Korea
    Hwan Sung Ji, Hae Won Lee, Byung Kyu Hong, Jin Koo Kim
    Animal Cells and Systems.2012; 16(5): 415.     CrossRef
Original Article
Cytologic Features of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma in Urine: Comparison with Urothelial Carcinoma.
Lucia Kim, Joo Young Song, Suk Jin Choi, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu
Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(1):79-86.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.1.79
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  • 74 Download
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Prostate adenocarcinoma (PACa) cells are rarely identified in urine cytology specimens and might be easily overlooked or misdiagnosed as urothelial neoplasm when clinically unsuspected.
METHODS
We reviewed 19 urine cytology specimens obtained from 13 patients with PACa and evaluated the characteristic features discriminating PACa from urothelial carcinoma (UCa). For comparison, 27 cases of high-grade UCa (HGUCa) and 10 cases of urothelial carcinoma in situ (UCis) were also evaluated.
RESULTS
The urine cytologic evaluation of PACa revealed clustered cells forming 3-dimensional syncytial fragments with occasional microacinar grouping in a clean background. Most tumor cells were small and uniform with a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio and indistinct cell borders. The nuclei were round-to-oval and the cytoplasm was scanty and thin. One or more centrally-located prominent nucleoli were characteristically noted in one half of the cases. The nucleoli had a well-defined, large, round and eosinophilic appearance. In four high-grade cases, large tumor cells were encountered and had relatively monotonous cells with smooth-outlined cell clusters, well-defined and thin cytoplasm, and round nuclei with characteristic prominent nucleoli.
CONCLUSIONS
Combining the information of prostate cancer and the recognition of cytomorphologic features of PACa will help differentiate PACa from HGUCa and UCis.

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  • Cas no 8. Infiltration de la paroi vésicale par un adénocarcinome prostatique
    Monique Courtade-Saïdi
    Annales de Pathologie.2025; 45(2): 147.     CrossRef
  • Bladder Washing Cytology in the Detection of High-Grade Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report
    Gabriel Pastrana, Camille L Santiago Negron, Suheidy Cardona, Juan C Santa Rosario, María D Rivera Rolón
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  • The diagnostic challenge of suspicious or positive malignant urine cytology findings when cystoscopy findings are normal: an outpatient blue-light flexible cystoscopy may solve the problem
    Marie Andersson, Marthe Berger, Karsten Zieger, Per-Uno Malmström, Mats Bläckberg
    Scandinavian Journal of Urology.2021; 55(4): 263.     CrossRef
  • Sensitive Time-Gated Immunoluminescence Detection of Prostate Cancer Cells Using a TEGylated Europium Ligand
    Nima Sayyadi, Irene Justiniano, Russell E. Connally, Run Zhang, Bingyang Shi, Liisa Kautto, Arun V. Everest-Dass, Jingli Yuan, Bradley J. Walsh, Dayong Jin, Robert D. Willows, James A. Piper, Nicolle H. Packer
    Analytical Chemistry.2016; 88(19): 9564.     CrossRef
Case Reports
Aspiration Cytology of Cervical Thymoma: A Case Report.
Xian Ji Jin, Ju Young Song, Suk Jin Choi, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu
Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(4):444-447.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.4.444
  • 4,376 View
  • 25 Download
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
An ectopic cervical thymoma is an uncommon tumor of the neck displaying the same histologic features as a mediastinal thymoma. Because of its unusual location, this mass is often confused as originating from the thyroid. In this report we describe a case of cervical type AB thymoma. Aspiration cytologic smears were highly cellular and revealed irregular tissue fragments, cohesive sheets, and clusters of crowded epithelial cells intermingled with many small lymphocytes. The epithelial cells had oval and spindle shaped bland-looking nuclei and scant cytoplasm with indistinct cell borders. Mitosis, nuclear atypia, and necrosis were not observed. The cells were focally arranged in a nesting pattern. Many small lymphocytes, a few activated lymphocytes, and lymphoid tangles were seen in the background. A cytologic misdiagnosis of "possible carcinoma" was rendered. Therefore, ectopic thymoma should also be considered in fine needle aspiration cytology of a neck mass when the smear shows epithelial and lymphoid components.

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  • Aspiration cytology of an ectopic cervical thymoma misinterpreted as a lymphoproliferative lesion of the thyroid: A case report
    YI-YING LEE, WEN-CHING WANG, CHIEN-FENG LI
    Oncology Letters.2015; 10(3): 1255.     CrossRef
Cytology of Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma on Intraoperative Touch Imprint Smears: A Case Report.
Ju Young Song, Xian Ji Jin, Jee Young Han, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu, Suk Jin Choi
Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(6):589-593.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.6.589
  • 4,221 View
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  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcoma is a neoplastic proliferation of FDCs. Because its cytologic findings can vary widely, both the cytomorphology and histopathology of FDC sarcoma can impose a significant diagnostic dilemma. We present cytologic features of FDC sarcoma assessed by intraoperative touch imprint. Intra-abdominal lymphadenopathies were noted in 54-year-old male with hepatitis B-virus associated liver cirrhosis. In contrast to cytologic features of classical FDC sarcoma, the tumor cells featured a large epithelioid or Reed-Sternberg cell-like shape scattered in a background with abundant inflammatory cells, which led to a mistaken diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. However, in accordance with cytologic features previously described in the literature, the tumor cells were characterized by a fragile cytoplasm with cytoplasmic processes in dendritic or reticulated patterns reminiscent of the ultrastructural features of FDC. Cytoplasmic features rendering nuclei with a tendency to form clusters or syncytial aggregates associated with reactive lymphocytes appear to be the most valuable finding in diagnosis of FDC sarcoma.

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  • Cytomorphology of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: a report of 7 cases with an emphasis on the diagnostic challenges
    Cody Weimholt, Jalal B. Jalaly, Cedric Bailey
    Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology.2023; 12(3): 229.     CrossRef
  • A Cytological Review of Follicular Dendritic Cell-Derived Tumors with Emphasis on Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma and Unicentric Castleman Disease
    José A. Jiménez-Heffernan, Cristina Díaz del Arco, Magdalena Adrados
    Diagnostics.2022; 12(2): 406.     CrossRef
  • Cytological diagnosis of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: A case report and review of literature
    A. Dutta, P. Arun, P. Roy, I. Arun
    Cytopathology.2018; 29(5): 461.     CrossRef
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Stomach: A Case Report.
Lucia Kim, Hyung Gil Kim, Young Chae Chu, In Suh Park, Suk Jin Choi, Jee Young Han, Sun Hee Kim, Don Haeng Lee, Joon Mee Kim
J Pathol Transl Med. 2008;19(2):178-182.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3338/kjc.2008.19.2.178
  • 2,674 View
  • 23 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
We report here a case of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in the stomach that was diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (EUS-FNA). A 67 year old male patient underwent regular check-ups for five years due to the presence of a submucosal tumor that was found in the fundus of the stomach incidentally. EUS-FNA was performed to evaluate the tumor, which had increased in size from 1cm to 2.8cm. A cytologic smear revealed cohesive sheets or clusters of spindle cells with elongated nuclei. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a strong positive reaction for c-kit and CD34, without any reaction for smooth muscle actin and Ki-67. Therefore, a diagnosis of GIST was made.
Original Article
Prognostic Significance of Thymosin- 4 in Gastric Adenocarcinoma Patients.
Lucia Kim, Ye Ji Kim, Suk Jin Choi, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Young Chae Chu, Joon Mee Kim
Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(3):176-182.
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  • 23 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
: Thymosin- 4 is an actin-sequestering protein that regulates actin polymerization. It is known to be associated with cell migration, angiogenesis and wound healing, as well as with tumor metastasis.
Methods
: We immunohistochemically evaluated the thymosin- 4 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma specimens, the relationship between this protein and the pathologic features and other tumor-related proteins, and its influence on the patient outcome.
Results
: We demonstrated that 40 specimens (26.3%) of 152 gastric adenocarcinomas showed positivity for thymosin- 4. The thymosin- 4 expression was statistically associated with advanced tumor stage (p=0.010), the nodal stage (p=0.029), the TNM stage (p=0.008), and the presence of lymphovascular invasion (p=0.009). The thymosin- 4 protein expression was closely related to the positivity for VEGF (p=0.000), c-Myc (p=0.007), and cyclin D1 (p=0.005), but it was not associated with the E-cadherin (p=0.861) or -catenin (p=0.640) expressions. The median survival and disease relapse time of patients showing thymosin-4 immunoreactivity were statistically shorter than those of patients without expression. Multivariate analysis showed that the tumor stage (p=0.003), nodal stage (p=0.005), thymosin- 4 expression (p=0.019) and Lauren's classification (p=0.037) were statistically important prognostic factors for gastric adenocarcinomas.
Conclusions
: The thymosin- 4 expression might be associated with disease progression of gastric adenocarcinomas and it should be regarded as an important prognostic factor for estimating patient survival.
Case Reports
Emphysematous Pyelonephritis in Diabetic Nephropathy A report of two cases.
Jae Ho Han, Lucia Kim, Sung Eun Kim, Soon Won Hong, Hyeon Joo Jeong
Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(5):367-370.
  • 2,541 View
  • 15 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by one or a combination of the following lesions: (1) glomerular involvement with three distinctive patterns: diffuse glomerulosclerosis, nodular glomerulosclerosis, and exudative lesions; (2) arteriolo sclerosis; (3) urinary tract bacterial infection with pyelonephritis and sometimes emphysematous pyelonephritis. Emphysematous pyelonephritis is an uncommon life-threatening and acute suppurative infection of the kidney, and usually occurs in diabetic female patients. It is characterized by the production of intraparenchymal gas. Glucose fermentation has been considered the main cause of the gas formation. We presented two illustrative nephrectomy cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis in addition to the typical pathologic features of diabetic nephropathy.
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic Findings of Fibromatosis Colli: A Report of Three Cases.
In Suh Park, Lucia Kim, Suk Jin Choi, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu, Sun Geun Choi
J Pathol Transl Med. 2005;16(1):61-65.
  • 2,203 View
  • 22 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Fibromatosis colli is a benign fibrous tissue proliferation of sternocleidomastoid muscle, which is usually observed during the first month of life, often associated with congenital torticollis. It should be differentiated from other neck masses in infants because the usual initial treatment of fibromatosis colli is conservative management and invasive therapy should be avoided. Fine needle aspiration cytology provides an excellent minimally invasive diagnostic way for evaluation of infantile neck masses. We describe three cases of fibromatosis colli diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. All of them were younger than one month and presented as a neck mass. Clinical impressions were malignant tumors in two cases and fibromatosis colli in one case. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed benign and mature fibroblasts and atrophic striated muscle fibers. The cytologic diagnosis was fibromatosis colli or benign fibous lesion.
Original Article
Gangliocytic Paraganglioma.
Joon Mee Kim, Suk Jin Choi, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Young Chae Chu, Hyung Gil Kim, Sun Geun Choi
Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(6):428-432.
  • 2,914 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Gangliocytic paraganglioma (GP) is a rare benign tumor that is usually seen in the duodenum. It shows unique histologic features that are composed of a carcinoid or paraganglioma-like appearance, ganglion cells, and Schwann cells. The common presenting symptoms are abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding and obstruction. The lesion can sometimes be asymptomatic and they are discovered incidentally. We experienced a case of incidentally found GP in a 73 year-old-man who had a colon cancer with liver metastasis. During the preoperative workup, a submucosal tumor was found in the duodenal papilla. The frozen diagnosis of the duodenal mass was GP, which was confirmed by the permanent sections and immunohistochemical staining. Pathologists should be alert to recognize and diagnose this rare, but benign disease, especially in the patient suffering with gastrointestinal cancer.
Case Report
Touch Imprint Cytology of Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report.
Suk Jin Choi, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Che Chu
J Pathol Transl Med. 2005;16(2):93-97.
  • 1,917 View
  • 12 Download
PDF
Original Articles
Pathologic Findings of Mitochondrial Myopathy.
Lucia Kim, Tai Seung Kim
Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(1):77-84.
  • 3,972 View
  • 162 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Mitochondrial myopathy (MM) has been applied to muscle disease in which mitochondria have abnormal structure, function or both. To characterize the pathologic findings of MM, we examined the ultrastructural and histochemical findings of 24 cases of MM. The ultrastructures of the MM were characterized by abnormal mitochondria in number (pleoconia) and size (megaconia), and showed predominant accumulation of mitochondria in the subsarcolemmal space of myofibers in all cases. Mitochondria contained abnormally shaped cristae (concentric form and gyriform) in 79% of cases. Paracrystalline inclusion which was known to be a characteristics of MM were seen only in 7 cases (29%). Electron dense deposits were more frequently found (77%) in abnormal mitochondria of chronic progressive external opthalmoplegia and Kearn-Sayre syndrome. But, other findings were not specific for the specific clinical entities. On succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) stain, ragged red fibers (RRF) showed more intense positivity than modified Gomori-trichrome stain and definite strong reactive products were present along the periphery of myofibers which showed normal findings on modified Gomori-trichrome stain. In conclusion, ultrastructural findings such as mitochondria showing pleoconia with megaconia, and bizarre shaped cristae may be helpful for the diagnosis of MM and SDH stain is more useful for identification of RRF than modified Gomori-trichrome stains.
Histological and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Keratoacanthoma and Well Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Lucia Kim, Seung Kyung Hann, Kwang Gil Lee
Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(2):145-153.
  • 2,551 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a rapidly growing cutaneous tumor and is difficult to distinguish from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on histomorphology alone. In the present study, we compared the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical findings using antibodies for p21 (WAF-1/CIP1), p53, laminin, and Ki-67 proteins in 27 cases of KA and 31 cases of well differentiated SCC. KA was characterized by occurrence in sun-exposed skin, shorter duration, and smaller size. Expression of p21 protein was increased according to the maturation and involution of KA, but there was no statistical significance. Expression of Ki-67 was decreased in the involutional stage of KA than in SCC (p<0.05). But p53 protein and Ki-67 were expressed in the cells at the periphery of both KA and SCC. The immunoexpression pattern of p53 and Ki-67 suggests that proliferative activities of the two lesions are similar. Laminin was present in the infiltrative cell nests of fully developed and involutional stages of KA, and it may be related to the healing process of KA. In conclusion, it is suggested that the degree of proliferative activity in the proliferative and fully developed stages of KA is similar to that of SCC and that p21 gene expression represents the differentiation property of KA and may be associated with its regression.
Case Reports
Composite Hemangioendothelioma: A Case Report.
Young Chae Chu, Suk Jin Choi, In Suh Park, Lucia Kim, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim
Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(2):142-147.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Composite hemangioendothelioma (CHE) is a recently described vascular tumor of low-grade malignancy. We report a case of CHE in an 18-year-old woman who presented with a 2-month history of an enlarging palpable mass in the left axilla. Grossly, the excised tumor was relatively circumscribed, nodular, firm, and soft. It measured 6.0 x 4.5 x 4.0 cm. The cut surface revealed a whitish gray solid area and a dark red to tan cystic area containing necrotic material. Histologically, the tumor demonstrated variably intermixed benign and malignant vascular components. The benign components showed features of an arteriovenous malformation, capillary hemangioma, spindle cell hemangioma and cavernous hemangioma. The malignant components were composed of areas resembling retiform hemangioendothelioma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, and angiosarcoma. The angiosarcoma component showed a mixed epithelioid and spindle shaped cell morphology with moderate differentiation. A nearly imperceptible transition between the benign and malignant components was noted.
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Stomach: A Case Report.
Joon Mee Kim, In Suh Park, Lucia Kim, Suk Jin Choi, Jee young Han, Young Chae Chu, Kyoung Rae Kim
Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(2):148-150.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the stomach is a rare tumor-like, benign disease with an uncertain pathogenesis. A 15-year-old male presented with epigastric pain. Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a 2.3 cm sized ovoid intramuscular mass in the lower body of the stomach at the lesser curvature. Histologically, the tumor was composed of smooth muscle actin positive- and vimentin positive spindle cells and there were a large number of lymphocytes, plasma cells and histiocytes in the fibrotic background. The spindle cells were also positive for ALK1, but negative for EBV in situ hybridization.
Original Article
Cytologic Evaluation of Adenocarcinoma and its Mimics in Sputum and Bronchial Washings.
Young Chae Chu, In Suh Park, Suk Jin Choi, Lucia Kim, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Jung Ae Park
J Pathol Transl Med. 2007;18(1):36-45.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE: To identify key cytologic features for diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and morphologic differentiation from reactive/reparative respiratory epithelium. STUDY DESIGN: The cytomorphologic features of 145 pulmonary cytology specimens (sputum and bronchial washing), which included 117 histologically proven adenocarcinomas and 28 non-neoplastic lesions, cytologically diagnosed as atypia and suspicious for malignancy (adenocarcinoma) were reviewed retrospectively. We analyzed 11 morphologic criteria in pulmonary cytologic specimens.
RESULTS
Over 110 of 117 cases of adenocarcinomas revealed nuclear membrane irregularities, non-cohesive cells, single atypical cells, moderate to markedly enlarged nuclei and an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio. Chromatin clearing, chromatin heterogeneity and hyperchromasia were seen in 102, 99 and 97 cases, respectively. All 28 cases involving non-neoplastic lesions revealed hyperplastic reactive pneumocytes, hyperplastic reactive bronchial epithelium, or degenerating macrophages. The non-neoplastic lesions revealed a small number of atypical cell clusters and paucity or absence of atypical single cells.
CONCLUSION
The most important morphologic features for diagnosis of adenocarcinoma are nuclear membrane irregularities, non-cohesive cells, single atypical cell, moderate to markedly enlarged nuclei and increased N/C ratio. Chromatin clearing, chromatin heterogeneity and hyperchromasia were also helpful features, while pleomorphism and prominent nucleoli were less valuable.
Case Reports
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Parathyroid Neoplasms: A Review of Three Cases.
Lucia Kim, Jee Young Han, In Suh Park, Suk Jin Choi, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu
J Pathol Transl Med. 2007;18(1):74-80.
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Parathyroid tumors may be difficult to distinguish from thyroid follicular lesions, especially when a tumor is nonfunctioning. We report here two cases of asymptomatic parathyroid carcinoma preoperatively misdiagnosed as thyroid follicular lesions, and one case of parathyroid adenoma showing hyperparathyroidism, and review the cytologic features favoring the diagnosis of parathyroid neoplasm. The cytologic findings that are characterized by clean background, monomorphic small cells, cohesive three-dimensional papillary clusters, small tight clusters with scattered naked nuclei, and well-defined clear cytoplasm favor a diagnosis for the parathyroid lesions. Cytologic findings such as macrofollicular structure, presence of colloid and macrophages, and presence of perivacuolar cytoplasmic granules on May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain support a diagnosis of a thyroid follicular lesion. The cytomorphology of parathyroid tumors is so variable that the distinction from a thyroid lesion cannot be based on the presence or absence of a single feature only but on the cytologic features as a whole.
Cerebellar Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma: A Case Report.
Seung Baik Han, Suk Jin Choi, Lucia Kim, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu, In Suh Park
Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(3):231-234.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Cerebellar pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare tumor. The most common manifestation of PXA is a seizure, as opposed to the headache and dizziness that were present in our reported case; these atypical symptoms were related to the development of tumor in cerebellum. We describe here a case of PXA in the cerebellum of a 49-year-old female and we discuss the radiological, histological and immunohistochemical findings of PXA that occurred in the cerebellum.
Original Article
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Midkine Expression in Preinvasive and Invasive Squamous Cell Neoplasia of the Uterine Cervix.
Suk Jin Choi, Eun Seop Song, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu
Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(2):79-86.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Midkine (MK) is a member of the heparin-binding growth factor family. Overexpression of MK is observed not only in cancerous tissue but also in precancerous lesions of the colon and the prostate. Using immunohistochemical methods, we investigated MK expression in preinvasive and invasive neoplasia of the uterine cervix.
METHODS
We performed immunohistochemical analysis of archived cone biopsy and hysterectomy specimens from 161 squamous cell lesions of the uterine cervix (29 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN1), 35 CIN2, 49 CIN3, 30 microinvasive squamous cell carcinomas (MIC), and 18 invasive squamous cell carcinoma). In addition, we examined if there is a correlation between MK expression and status of human papilloma virus infection determined by a commercially available DNA chip.
RESULTS
None of the normal cervical mucosa showed MK immunostaining. The level of MK expression gradually increased according to the histologic grade. Moderate and strong expressions were most frequently observed in cervical tissue with CIN3 and MIC. MK immunostaining was more accentuated in the invasive border of MIC.
CONCLUSION
MK may play a functional role in the disease progression of cervical squamous cell neoplasia.

J Pathol Transl Med : Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine
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