Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Articles

P2X₇ Receptor Expression in Coexistence of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Ji Hyun Kwon, Eun Sook Nam, Hyung Sik Shin, Seong Jin Cho, Hye Rim Park, Mi Jung Kwon; Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(1):30-35. Published online February 25, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.1.30

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Background

This study was aimed at investigating the relation of P2X₇ receptor (P2X₇R) expression with the clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) coexisting with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).

Methods

We examined 170 patients (84, PTC with HT; 86, PTC without HT). P2X₇R expression was examined by immunohistochemical methods. The staining intensity and patterns were evaluated and scored using a semi-quantitative method.

Results

The PTC with HT group was more likely to contain women and had less extrathyroid extension, lymph node (LN) metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, and recurrence than the PTC without HT group. Patients positive for P2X₇R had significantly higher frequencies of lymphovascular invasion, extrathyroid extension, LN metastasis, and absence of HT. As shown by multivariate analysis, the expression of P2X₇R was significantly higher if HT was absent and extrathyroid extension was present. In the PTC with HT group, the expression of P2X₇R was significantly higher in patients with tumor multifocality, lymphovascular invasion, and extrathyroid extension. In the PTC without HT group, the expression of P2X₇R was significantly higher in women and those having tumor multifocality.

Conclusions

Coexistence of PTC with HT is associated with good prognostic factors, and P2X₇R expression in PTC was correlated with poor prognostic factors and the absence of HT.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Research Progress in the Relationship Between P2X7R and Cervical Cancer
Yiqing Tang, Cuicui Qiao, Qianqian Li, Xiaodi Zhu, Ronglan Zhao, Xiaoxiang Peng
Reproductive Sciences.2023; 30(3): 823. CrossRef
Warthin-like papillary thyroid carcinoma: a case report and comprehensive review of the literature
Abdel Mouhaymen Missaoui, Fatma Hamza, Wafa Belabed, Manel Mellouli, Mohamed Maaloul, Slim Charfi, Issam Jardak, Tahya Sellami-Boudawara, Nabila Rekik, Mohamed Abid
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Mapping the path towards novel treatment strategies: a bibliometric analysis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis research from 1990 to 2023
Manping Guo, Qingna Li, Xingfang Liu, Yiming Wang, Qiaoning Yang, Rui Li, Yang Zhao, Chenfei Li, Song Sheng, Hangkun Ma, Zhenghong Li, Rui Gao
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between Hashimoto thyroiditis and clinical outcomes of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A meta-analysis
Qizhi Tang, Weiyu Pan, Liangyue Peng, Francis Moore
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(6): e0269995. CrossRef
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Minimizes Lymph Node Metastasis in BRAF Mutant Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas
Peter P. Issa, Mahmoud Omar, Yusef Buti, Chad P. Issa, Bert Chabot, Christopher J. Carnabatu, Ruhul Munshi, Mohammad Hussein, Mohamed Aboueisha, Mohamed Shama, Ralph L. Corsetti, Eman Toraih, Emad Kandil
Biomedicines.2022; 10(8): 2051. CrossRef
Overexpression of PD-L1 in Papillary Carcinoma and Its Association with Clinicopathological Variables
Servet KOCAÖZ, Gülay TURAN
Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2021; 23(3): 252. CrossRef
Effect of P2X7 receptor on tumorigenesis and its pharmacological properties
Wen-jun Zhang, Ce-gui Hu, Zheng-ming Zhu, Hong-liang Luo
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2020; 125: 109844. CrossRef
P2X7 in Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutics
Romain Lara, Elena Adinolfi, Catherine A. Harwood, Mike Philpott, Julian A. Barden, Francesco Di Virgilio, Shaun McNulty
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The P2X7 Receptor in Inflammatory Diseases: Angel or Demon?
Luiz E. B. Savio, Paola de Andrade Mello, Cleide Gonçalves da Silva, Robson Coutinho-Silva
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Patients with Oncocytic Variant Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Have a Similar Prognosis to Matched Classical Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Controls
Azadeh A. Carr, Tina W.F. Yen, Diana I. Ortiz, Bryan C. Hunt, Gilbert Fareau, Becky L. Massey, Bruce H. Campbell, Kara L. Doffek, Douglas B. Evans, Tracy S. Wang
Thyroid.2018; 28(11): 1462. CrossRef
Extracellular purines, purinergic receptors and tumor growth
F Di Virgilio, E Adinolfi
Oncogene.2017; 36(3): 293. CrossRef
Multifaceted Effects of Extracellular Adenosine Triphosphate and Adenosine in the Tumor–Host Interaction and Therapeutic Perspectives
Paola de Andrade Mello, Robson Coutinho-Silva, Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
Frontiers in Immunology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Potential role of P2X7R in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma proliferation
André A Santos, Angélica R Cappellari, Fernanda O de Marchi, Marina P Gehring, Aline Zaparte, Caroline A Brandão, Tiago Giuliani Lopes, Vinicius D da Silva, Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto, Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio, Aline Cristina Abreu Moreira-Souza, Robson C
Purinergic Signalling.2017; 13(3): 279. CrossRef
Potential relationship between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and BRAFV600E mutation status in papillary thyroid cancer
Rui‐chao Zeng, Lang‐ping Jin, En‐dong Chen, Si‐yang Dong, Ye‐feng Cai, Guan‐li Huang, Quan Li, Chun Jin, Xiao‐hua Zhang, Ou‐chen Wang
Head & Neck.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Papillary thyroid carcinoma in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis as an incidental finding
Al Mogrampi Saad, A. Krexi, N. Papoulidis, M. Verroiotou, D. Michalakis, I. Fardellas
Hellenic Journal of Surgery.2016; 88(1): 47. CrossRef
Association of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and thyroid cancer
Salem I. Noureldine, Ralph P. Tufano
Current Opinion in Oncology.2015; 27(1): 21. CrossRef
Cribriform-morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a study of 3 cases featuring the PIK3CA mutation
Mi Jung Kwon, Young-Soo Rho, Jin Cheol Jeong, Hyung Sik Shin, Jong Seok Lee, Seong Jin Cho, Eun Sook Nam
Human Pathology.2015; 46(8): 1180. CrossRef
Understanding the roles of the P2X7 receptor in solid tumour progression and therapeutic perspectives
Sébastien Roger, Bilel Jelassi, Isabelle Couillin, Pablo Pelegrin, Pierre Besson, Lin-Hua Jiang
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes.2015; 1848(10): 2584. CrossRef
Purinergic signaling pathways in endocrine system
Ivana Bjelobaba, Marija M. Janjic, Stanko S. Stojilkovic
Autonomic Neuroscience.2015; 191: 102. CrossRef
P2X7 receptor stimulates breast cancer cell invasion and migration via the AKT pathway
JIYI XIA, XIAOLAN YU, LI TANG, GANG LI, TAO HE
Oncology Reports.2015; 34(1): 103. CrossRef
Regulation of the P2X7R by microRNA-216b in human breast cancer
Luming Zheng, Xukui Zhang, Feng Yang, Jian Zhu, Peng Zhou, Fang Yu, Lei Hou, Lei Xiao, Qingqing He, Baocheng Wang
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.2014; 452(1): 197. CrossRef

Application of Immunohistochemical Technique in the Cytologic Diagnosis of herpes Simplex Virus Infection.: Hye Rim Park, Kap No Lee, Seung Young Paik; J Pathol Transl Med. 1990;1(1):74-84.

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Abstract PDF: Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2(HSV-1, HSV-2) are the ubiquitous human pathogens responsible for a variety of afflictions, HSV-2 is one of the viruses that were suspected of promoting carcinogenesis in the uterine cervix. Certainly, there is a need for the more sensitive and accurate laboratory techniques for HSV detection. We examined total 80 cases of smears including 17 Tzanck smears of skin and 63 cases of Papanicolaou smears from total 77 patients with clinical impression of herpetic infections, from September, 1985 through August, 1989. Immunohistochemical typings for HSV-1 and HSV-2 were performed together with routine cytologic findings and compared The results are as follows : 1) patients were 9 males and 33 females, and age distribution was between 5 and 71 years 2) Subjective symptoms such as ulceration, vesicle, vaginal discharge, pruritus, and pain were complained in 36 patients and 38 cases were genital herpes. Recurrence was noted in 11 cases. 3) Positive results were obtained in 42 among 80 cases. 4) Both routine cytology and imunohistochemical staining were positive in 13 cases and in 24 cases only immunohistochemical staining were positive. 5 cases were positive only in routine cytologic smears. 5) The cases that immunocytochemical stain had been performed were 37 cases, which were all positive in type 2, Among the above 37 cases, type 1 also were positive in 5 cases. The results show that the immunoperoxidase technique is one of the rapid and reliable method to confirm the herpetic infection when suspected and that it is particularly useful when the Papanicolaou smear findings are equivocal

Composite Tumor of Adenocarcinoma and Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: A Case Report.: Hye Rim Park, Yong Woo Lee, Young Euy Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 1990;1(1):111-120.

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Abstract PDF: Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a distinct subtype of cervical cancer that appears analogous to oat cell carcinoma and carcinoid tumors of the lung. It has been assumed to be derived from the neural crest via argyrophilic cells in the normal endocervix. We have recently encountered a case of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix coexisting with adenocarcinoma which was argyrophil negative. A 66-year-old multiparous woman was admitted because of vaginal bleeding for 2 months. Cervicovaginal smear revealed several scattered clusters and sheets of monotonous small cells with some peripheral palisading in the background of hemorrhage and necrosis. Radical hysterectomy specimen revealed and ulcerofungating tumor on endocervical canal which was composed of two components. Major component of the tumor was made up of monomorphic population of small oval-shaped tumor cells arranged in sheets and partly in acinar structeres or trabecular fashion. Other component was adenocarcinoma, endocervical well-differentiated type. Argyropilia was present on the Grimelius stain and immunohistochemical studies revealed diffuse positivity to neuron-specific enolase and carcinoembryonic antigen. Electron microscopic examination showed clusters of small round to oval cells, which had a few well-formed desmosomes and several membrane-bound, dense-core neurosectetory granules.

Type and Incidence of Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Korea: 2001-2007.: Kyung Un Choi, Hae Youn Kang, Heasoo Koo, Mi Seon Kwon, Dong Hoon Kim, Mi Jung Kim, Su Jin Kim, Young Sill Kim, Chul Hwan Kim, Yong Koo Park, Hye Rim Park, Seung Sam Paik, Jin Young Yoo, Anhi Lee, Jae Hyuk Lee, Hyekyung Lee, Kyu Yun Jang, Young Chae Chu, Joon Hyuk Choi; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(6):557-563.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.6.557

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The Korean Bone and Soft Tissue Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists conducted a nationwide retrospective analysis of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) to provide the clinicopathologic characteristics of STS within the population of the Republic of Korea.
METHODS
The cases of STS were collected during a 7-year period (2001-2007) from 19 institutes in Korea. All cases were classified according to the histologic criteria proposed by the World Health Organization. Clinicopathologic data were reviewed.
RESULTS
Data from 722 patients (median age, 50 years) were collected. Data showed a slight male predominance. The most frequent types of STS in decreasing order were liposarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, leiomyosarcoma, and synovial sarcoma. STS occurred throughout the body, although approximately half (47.8%) were located in the extremities. The majority of STS was histologically classified as high grade with a large tumor size (>5 cm). The overall survival rate for the patients was 76.3% (median follow-up time, 26 months; range, 1 to 89 months). Histologic grade, tumor size, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, tumor site, and resection status were prognostic. Significant independent adverse prognostic factors were large tumor size (>5 cm) and tumor site other than extremities.
CONCLUSIONS
We reported the distribution and characteristics of STS in the Republic of Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Distribution and survival of primary sarcoma in Korea: A single center analysis of 2017 cases
Sung Jun Jo, Kyeong Sik Kim, Kyo Won Lee, Jae Berm Park, Yoon-La Choi, Jeong Il Yu, Su Jin Lee, Dong Il Choi, Sung Joo Kim
Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology.2018; 14(1): 30. CrossRef

The Analysis of Indeterminate Category in Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration.: Soo Kee Min, Jinwon Seo, Sun Young Jun, Kwangseon Min, Hye Rim Park; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(6):657-661.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.6.657

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Descriptive diagnosis reports have been causing some problems in communication. Our institution decided to use the category diagnosis system since June, 2008. So we evaluated the effectiveness of this change.
METHODS
The category system is composed of unsatisfactory, suboptimal for diagnosis but suggestive of, most probably benign, indeterminate, suspicious for malignancy and malignancy. We evaluated 1,525 cases from June, 2008 to September, 2009. We analyzed 159 cases of the indeterminate category.
RESULTS
Among the 159 cases, 21 were re-aspirated and 63 underwent an operation. The diagnoses of the re-aspirated cases were 2 positive for malignancy, 5 indeterminate, 13 most probably benign, and 1 unsatisfactory. The surgical diagnoses were 39 malignancies, 2 follicular adenomas and 1 Hurthle cell adenoma, and 21 benign lesions. Re-aspiration for the indeterminate cases could help decide whether the lesions need to be operated or not at above 70%. The indeterminate category could predict the surgical diagnosis of the thyroid nodule with statistical significance when the subcategories were indicated (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The category diagnosis is replacing the descriptive diagnosis for the thyroid fine needle aspiration. The indeterminate category is useful and effective for making the decision to operate and especially when the indeterminate subcategories are used.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Correlation of Bethesda Categories in Thyroid Lesions With Histopathology: A Single Tertiary Care Center Experience
Sreenidhi Sreeram, Leena Dennis Joseph, Subalakshmi Balasubramanian
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Thyroid Follicular Neoplasm: Cytohistologic Correlation and Accuracy
Changyoung Yoo, Hyun Joo Choi, Soyoung Im, Ji Han Jung, Kiouk Min, Chang Suk Kang, Young-Jin Suh
Korean Journal of Pathology.2013; 47(1): 61. CrossRef

Expression of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Correlates with Histologic Grade and Metastasis in Osteosarcoma.: Hye Rim Park, Jinwon Seo, Patrizia Bacchini, Franco Bertoni, Yong Koo Park; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(4):384-389.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.4.384

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) is reportedly overexpressed in several types of carcinomas, but little is known about the expression pattern of CA9 in osteosarcoma. We aimed to assess the prevalence of CA9 expression and its prognostic implications in osteosarcoma patients.
METHODS
We compared immunohistochemical expression of CA9 between conventional, high-grade and low-grade, central osteosarcomas. Specimens were obtained before chemotherapy and stained with anti-human CA9 antibody. We also evaluated the histologic grade, presence of metastasis, and patient prognosis.
RESULTS
Among 38 samples of conventional high-grade osteosarcoma, 22 (57.9%) tumors displayed CA9 overexpression. Twenty-five cases of low-grade central osteosarcomas were all negative (p < 0.0001). CA9 expression was significantly associated with the presence of metastasis (p = 0.0010). The overall survival rate was significantly reduced with increased CA9 expression (p = 0.0012), higher histologic grade (p < 0.0001), and younger age (p = 0.0140). However, the overall survival rate was not significantly correlated with gender, tumor size, or American Joint Committee on Cancer stage.
CONCLUSIONS
CA9 expression is a frequent and tumor-specific event in osteosarcoma. CA9 expression is associated with higher grade tumors, metastasis and poor prognosis for the osteosarcoma patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The reducing effect of TNF-α on carbonic anhydrase III gene expression in colon carcinoma and osteosarcoma cells
Sümeyye Aydoğan Türkoğlu, Derya Okuyan, Feray Köçkar
Cytotechnology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

The Expressions of E2F1 and p53 in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors and Their Prognostic Significance.: Mi Jung Kwon, Eun Sook Nam, Seong Jin Cho, Hye Rim Park, Hyung Sik Shin, Jong Seok Lee, Chan Heun Park, Woon Geon Shin; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(3):212-220.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.3.212

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
E2F1 plays a critical role in the G1-to-S phase transition by inducing various genes that encode S phase-activating proteins and that modulate such diverse cellular functions as DNA synthesis, mitosis and apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the E2F1 expression in relation to the clinicopathologic parameters and other tumor markers in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
METHODS
Immunohistochemical stainings for obtaining the E2F1, p53, and Ki-67 labeling indices were performed on a tissue microarray of 72 gastrointestinal stromal tumor specimens. The clinicopathologic parameters that were analyzed including the risk grade system by Miettinen et al. and the disease-free survival (DFS) rate.
RESULTS
1) An E2F1 expression was correlated with a larger tumor size, a p53 expression and a shorter period of DFS (p=0.014, p=0.007, and p=0.039). 2) A p53 expression was significantly associated with a high risk grade, a larger tumor size, high mitotic counts and a shorter period of DFS (p=0.003, p=0.044, p<0.001, and p<0.0001). 3) A high-risk grade and the epithelioid type were significantly associated with a shorter period of DFS (p=0.0006 and p=0.0008).
CONCLUSIONS
E2F1, as well as p53, may be a potentially novel independent prognostic factor for predicting a worse outcome for those patients suffering with Gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comparison of tissue microarray and full section in immunohistochemistry of gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Mi Jung Kwon, Eun Sook Nam, Seong Jin Cho, Hye Rim Park, Hyung Sik Shin, Jun Ho Park, Chan Heun Park, Won Jae Lee
Pathology International.2009; 59(12): 851. CrossRef

Case Reports

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma with Osteoclast-like Giant cells: A Case Report .: Eun Ha Jung, Hye Rim Park, Jin Hee Sohn; J Pathol Transl Med. 1998;9(2):221-226.

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Abstract PDF: Malignant tumors of the breast with stromal multinucleated giant cells are rare entity of uncertain clinical significance. There have been few reports on the fine needle aspiration cytologic(FNAC) findings about these rare tumors. We report a FNAC case of invasive mammary carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells not only for its rare occurrence but in particular for its distinctive cytologic picture on aspirated material. The patient was a 40-year-old woman who presented with a right breast mass for one month. Mammography showed a well-demarcated rounded mass density without calcification. The aspirates of FNAC were highly cellular and two main cell types were seen; malignant epithelial cells and osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells. The carcinoma cells occurred singly or arranged in loose clusters with ill-defined cytoplasm, oval nuclei, coarse chromatin and small but distinct nucleoli. The multinucleated giant cells showed variable number of nuclei with prominent nucleoli and abundant dense oxyphilic cytoplasm. The immunocytochemical studies suggested that osteoclast-like giant cells were not of epithelial origin, but rather of histiocytic origin.

Cytologic Findings of Infectious Mononucleosis Lymphadenitis: A Report of Four Cases .: Jin Hee Sohn, Eun Ha Jung, Hye Rim Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 1998;9(2):227-232.

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Abstract PDF: Infectious mononucleosis(IM) is an acute self-limiting lymphoproliferative disorder associated with infection by the Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV), with the characteristic triad of fever, sore throat, and cervical or generalized lymphadenopathy. And also there are atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Cytological findings of IM lymphadenitis are characterized by a florid immunoblastic and atypical lymphoid cell proliferation. However, the small number of cases were studied by fineneedle aspiration cytology(FNAC) even though there was a complexity of lymph node pathology. It is important to recognize the reactive pattern of IM that would initiate EBV study and to avoid unnecessary biopsy. We studied findings of lymph node FNAC from 4 patients with EBV infection confirmed by EBV-specific serologic studies. All of the cases were positive for viral capsid antigen(VCA) and one case was positive for anti-EBV nuclear antigen(EBNA). Cytologically, all of the cases exhibited high cellularity and atypia with great numbers of large immunoblastic lymphocytes.

Original Articles

Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Lesions of Central Nervous System: An Experience on the Accuracy of Cytologic Diagnosis.: Hye Rim Park, Yang Seok Chae, Kap No Lee, Seung Yong Paik, Hung Seob Chung, Ki Chan Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1989;23(3):342-349.

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Abstract PDF: The cyto-histologic correlation and cytologic accuracy are reported in thirty cases of consecutive aspirated cells and their biopsied tissues of patients with clinical and neuroradiologic evidences of central nervous system tumors and other lesions investigated at the Pathology and Neurosurgery Department, Korea University Hospital, from Apr. 1987 to Apr. 1988. The series comprised of 17 benign and 12 malignant histopathologically verified brain neoplasms and 1 infectious lesion. In 78% of the cases, the cytologic diagnosis was concordant with the histologic diagnosis provided adequate sample was obtained. In 17 benign tumors, the diagnostic rate was 87% ; the diagnostic accuracy for 12 malignant CNS tumors was 63% cytologically. In almost all cases, differentiation of non-neoplastic lesion from neoplastic one and that of benign tumors from malignant ones were possible. Most discordance stemmed from failure to distinguish different types of malignant tumors. In meningioma, neurilemmoma, pituitary adenoma, and medulloblastoma, cytologic diagnostic accuracy was high, but germinoma, malignant ependymoma, and hemangioblastoma were difficult to diagnose by cytology alone.

An Immunohistochemical Study of CA 125, CA 19-9, and CA 15-3 in Ovarian Epithelial Tumors.: Hye Rim Park, Hye Kyung Ahn, Young Euy Park, Joo Hyun Nam; Korean J Pathol. 1993;27(2):134-142.

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Abstract PDF: To evaluate the relationship between the expression of CA 125, CA 19-9, and CA 15-3 and ovarian epithelial tumors, immunohistochemical stainings were performed and analyzed to the types of tumor, and the degree o malignancy and differentiation in the total 42 cases. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The expression of CA 19-9 and CA 15-3 was demonstrated in most cases of benign, borderline and malignant mucinous tumors. All types tumors were negative for CA 125. 2) All types of serous tumors including benign, borderline and malignant revealed strong positive reaction for CA 125 and CA 15-3 in contrast to some weak positivity for CA 19-9. Expression of CA 125 was significantly increased in high grade serous adenocarcinomas compared with low of grade. 3) Endometrioid carcinomas revealed strong positive reaction for CA 15-3 in contrast to some positivity for CA 125 and CA 19-9. One case of Brenner tumor expressed CA 19-9 and CA 15-3 without expression of CA 125. 4) Serum CA 125 levels were elevated in 80% and CA 15-3 levels in 100% of ovarian epithelial malignancy. The correlation between serum levels and staining intensities was moderate.

Case Report

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Breast: A case report.: Eun Ha Jung, Hye Rim Park, Jin Hee Sohn; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(4):299-302.

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Abstract PDF: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is an uncommon carcinoma accounting for less than 1% of the breast carcinoma. This type of carcinoma has a distinctive histology, such as cylindromatous, cribriform, glandlike space and solid pattern in the variable proportion. Prognosis is favorable with rare recurrence or metastasis and the guideline for therapy is not well established. We experienced a case of ACC of right breast in the 48 year-old woman. Cytologically, it showed numerous three-dimensional, well outlined cell clusters with central core of homogeneous, eosinophilic material. The mass was well demarcated, firm and measured 2.5 2.5 2 cm. Cut surface was yellowish white and granular with focal necrosis. Histologically, the tumor was composed of cylindromatous, adenoid and solid area with marked cellular atypia. Focal invasion was identified in the adipose tissue around the tumor. Histologic and nuclear grade was III by Kleer's grade. Nodal metastasis was not found.

Original Article

A Study on the Expression of p53 and nm23 Protein in the Colorectal Adenoma and Carcinoma.: Jin Hee Sohn, Eun Ha Jung, Hye Rim Park, Young Eui Park; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(6):508-516.

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Abstract PDF: The expression of the nuclear phosphoprotein p53, a product of tumor suppressor gene, has been noted in a number of human tumors as a tumor suppressor. nm23 is a gene associated with low tumor metastatic potential and has been proposed to be a metastasis suppressor gene. To assess the role of p53 and nm23 expression in colorectal tumorigenesis and the association with clinicopathological parameters, an immunohistochemical study for mutant p53 and nm23 was done using mouse monoclonal antibodies in 43 colorectal carcinomas, 55 tubular adenomas and corresponding normal mucosa. In the tubular adenomas, p53 expression was significantly correlated with the degree of atypism(p<0.05) but not with other variables as well as with nm23. In the colorectal carcinoma, there were evidence of some correlation between metastasis, laterality and p53; laterality, depth of invasion and nm23 expression, but without statistical significance. Other clinicopathologic features were not significantly correlated. In the aspect of 'adenoma-carcinoma sequence', normal mucosa was totally negative for both p53 and nm23, and they were increasingly expressed through tubular adenoma to carcinoma with statistical significance(p<0.05). Therefore, it is suggested that both p53 and nm23 expressions occur in and around the time of transition to carcinoma from adenoma but are not significantly associated with the infiltrative behavior and metastasis.

Case Reports

Spindle Cell Carcinoma in Larynx: A case showing bone formation.: Hye Kyung Ahn, Hye Rim Park, Young Euy Park; Korean J Pathol. 1993;27(3):293-295.

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Abstract PDF: Spindle cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract mucosa was usually presented as polypoid mass and shows squamous cell carcinoma or dysplasia in the surface and underlying spindle cell proliferation. The spindle cell area discloses a variable pattern of sarcoma including rare osteosarcoma of 0~20% incidence. The histogenetic origin of the spindle cell component is now considered a metaplasia of squamous cell carcinoma. We experienced a case of spindle cell carcinoma of larynx showing massive underlying bone formation with proliferation of osteoclast-like cells in 75 year-old man. The immunohistochemical study demonstrates positive reaction with cytokeratin in area of squamous cells and with vimentin in area of spindle cells and osteoclasts. There are very focal reactivity for high molecular weight cytokeratin in spindle cell area.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Metastatic Seminoma in Cervical Lymph Node: A Case Report .: Kee Taek Jang, Hye Rim Park, Jin Seok Ahn; J Pathol Transl Med. 2001;12(1):57-60.

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Abstract PDF: Fine needle aspiration cytology of the cervical lymph node was performed in a 63-year-old man who had had an orchiectomy for seminoma one year ago. The tumor cells were arranged in loose clusters, occasional sheets, or single cells. The nuclei were round to ovoid with fine or reticular chromatin, and had one or more prominent nucleoli. These cells were intermingled with lymphocytes in a characteristic foamy, lacelike background. Documented reports of the cytologic appearance of the seminoma are rare, especially in the metastatic lesion. The diagnosis of primary gonadal seminoma by fine needle aspiration cytology is probably not indicated since the treatment of primary gonadal tumor requires surgical resection. Because of the characteristic cytologic features, fine needle aspiration cytology may be helpful in evaluation of the extent of tumor spread in the patients with testicular tumors.

Original Articles

A case of ovarian cystadenocarcinoma diagnosed by cervicovaginal smear.: Hye Rim Park, Joo Hyun Nam, Young Euy Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 1992;3(2):104-110.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

The Expressions of Tyrosine Kinase Receptors, EphA2, c-met and c-erbB-2 in the Human Breast.: Soo Kee Min, Hyun Deuk Cho, Seong Jin Cho, Hye Rim Park, Hyung Sik Shin, Young Euy Park, Bom Woo Yeom; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(1):15-22.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Tyrosine kinase receptor (TKR) is an important protein for normal-development, growth and tumorigenesis in human tissues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of TKR in the progression of breast cancer.
METHODS
The expressions of EphA2, c-met and c-erbB-2 were examined, by using immunohistochemical methods and RT-PCR, in samples of breast tissue that included 111 samples of normal epithelium, 34 samples of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and 109 samples of invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC). The results were compared with the prognostic parameters of breast cancer including the tumor grade, growth pattern, lymph node metastasis and the expressions of ER, PR, p53 and Ki-67.
RESULTS
The protein expressions of the three TKRs were higher in DCIS and IDC than in normal epithelium. The protein expression of EphA2 was correlated with a tumor grade, a labeling index of Ki-67, and the protein expression of c-met. Overexpression of c-erbB-2 was correlated with lymph node metastasis. The mRNA levels of the three TKRs were correlated with each other in normal tissue and IDC. The level of c-met mRNA was higher in the low grade tumors.
CONCLUSIONS
The three TKRs may play roles in the tumorigenesis of human breast cancer. The overexpressions of EphA2 and c-erbB-2 may be a poor prognostic parameter in breast cancers.

Cytolgic features of placental site trophoblastic tumor-a case report of cervico-vaginal smear-.: Hye Rim Park, Yong Woo Lee, Young Euy Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 1993;4(2):150-155.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Case Reports

Endometrial Carcinoma Associated with Stein-Leventhal Syndrome: Two cases report.: Hye Yeon Kim, Insun Kim, Hye Rim Park, Kap No Lee, Seung Yong Paik; Korean J Pathol. 1986;20(3):374-377.

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Abstract: Stein-Leventhal syndrome is a clinicopathological entity characterized by chronic anovulation and sclerotic ovaries. Clinically, the affected patients typically present their third decade with a history of premenarchal obesity and postmenarchal onset of oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, infertility, and clinical evidence of increased androgen production. In some patients, there are estrogenic phenomena such as menometrorrhagia with or without endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma. Several studies have indicated that there may be an increased incidence of ovarian neoplasia in polycystic ovaries. Recently, we experienced two cases of polycystic ovaries assotiated with endometrial carcinoma in premenopausal women, who had clinical characteristics of Stein-Leventhal syndrome; one of the cases had additional serous cystandenofibroma.

Alpha-Fetoprotein Producing Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor of the Ovary: A Case Report.: Kee Taek Jang, Hye Rim Park, Duck Hwan Kim, Chang Mo Kim, Woo Seok Sohn, Hyung Sik Shin; Korean J Pathol. 2002;36(2):128-131.

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Abstract PDF: A 26-year-old woman had an ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (SLCT) associated with an elevated level of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The tumor had a heterologous element of intestinal-type mucinous epithelium, retiform and intermediately differentiated tubules of the Sertoli cells, and AFP-producing Leydig cells. AFP was demonstrated within the Leydig cells by an immunohistochemical technique. After surgery, the serum AFP level of the patient fell to the normal range. The present case is the first documented case of AFP producing a SLCT of the ovary reported in Korea.

Progression of Dermatofibrosarcoma Proruberans to Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma: Report of a case.: Hye Rim Park, Eun Ha Jung, Jin Hee Sohn; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(12):1324-1327.

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Abstract PDF: A 52-year-old woman was admitted with a palpable mass on the abdominal wall. This tumor had developed at the same site of a previously resected dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. The biopsy specimen from the recurrent tumor revealed malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Immunohistochemistry with anti-CD34 antibody revealed diffuse linear positivity on the tumor cells of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and negativity on malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Anti CD34 antibody was valuable for a differential diagnosis of these two lesions.

A Case Report of Pleuropulmonary Blastoma in Childhood.: Hye Rim Park, Jin Hee Sohn, Ki Woo Hong; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(4):351-354.

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Abstract PDF: Classic pulmonary blastoma is a variant of carcinosarcoma which is seen almost exclusively in adults. By contrast, most cases of pulmonary blastoma in children have been described as having an exclusive mesenchymal composition, which was proposed as pleuropulmonary blastoma. Recently we experienced a case of pleuropulmonary blastoma, type 1. This 27-month-old male baby was transferred to our hospital due to the left tension pneumothorax. Chest CT revealed a subpleural pulmonary cystic lesion on the left upper lung and an open cystectomy was performed. Histologically the lesion was composed of variable-sized cystic structures lined with a single layer of respiratory-type epithelium. the underlying stroma was composed of sheets of small, round to oval, primitive tumor cells. Some of them had eccentric, eosinophilic cytoplasm, suggestive of rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. These rhabdomyoblastic cells were fuchsinophilic and positive with desmin and vimentin on immunohistochemistry.

A Case of Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Urinary Biadder.: Hye Rim Park, Min Chul Lee, Nack Kyu Choi, Young Euy Park; Korean J Pathol. 1991;25(3):256-262.

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Abstract PDF: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the urinary bladder is a proliferative spindle cell lesion that microscopically may suggest a sarcoma but that are benign without a recent history of an operation. The first such case was reported by Roth, in 1980, and thereafter about seven more cases were reported in medical literatures. We reported a case of inflammatory pseudotumor of the urinary bladder mimicking leiomyosarcoma. Patient was a 36-year-old woman with complaint of painless total and gross hematuria for 3 weeks. Partial cystectomy specimen showed a well-demarcated nodular mass of yellow white color, involving the submucosal and muscular layers. Microscopic examination revealed proliferating bundles of spindle cells interspersed with infiltration of many inflammatory cells including eosinophils. Spindle cells were positive for vimentin on immunohistochemistry and corresponding to myofibroblasts on the electron microscopic examination.

Original Articles

Cutaneous Infection of Larval strongyloides stercoralis Manifesting Pseudolymphomatous Reactions.: Jin Hee Sohn, Hye Rim Park, Kye Yong Song, Seung Yull Cho; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(5):466-469.

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Abstract PDF: Larval nematodes belonging to genera Ancylostoma, Strongyloides, Rhabditis, Gnathostoma or microfilariae (Onchocerca volvulus)/adult filaria (Loa loa) can invade human skin, each making different lesion. In a 71-year old immunocompetent Koreanman with 23% eosinophilia and elevated serum IgG (2530 mg/dl), a skin biopsy was undertaken for a nodular lesion at abdominal wall. A longitudinal section of a larval nematode was recognized in mid-dermal tunnel surrounded by pseudolymphomatous diffuse lymphoreticular cell infiltration. The larval nematode, 15 um in maximum diameter, had outermost cuticular layer and pale intestinal cells. The nematode section was identified as a filariform larva of Strongyloides stercoralis mainly based on its maximum diameter. In Korea, this is the first description of a cutaneous larval nematode infection. This case did not show quick migration of lesion which is a typical manifestation of classical cutaneous larva migrans.

Morphometry of Nuclei in Adenocarcinoma of Prostate.: Hye Rim Park, Seung Wan Char, Jin Hee Sohn, Young Euy Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 1995;6(2):99-105.

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Abstract PDF: Morphometry of nuclei of the benign and malignant prostatic lesions was performed to study the relationship between nuclear size and shape and the prognosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Fifty one cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma and 13 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia were included to evaluate area, perimeter, Dmax, Dmin, and 5 form factors of the nuclei by image analyzer(Zeiss Ibas 2000) using hematoxylineosin stained slides. All analytic factors of nuclear size and shape were significantly different between benign lesions and adenocarcinomas. Increased nuclear size was associated with nuclear irregularity, presence of metastasis, advanced clinical stage, and high Gleason's grade and score of prostatic adenocarcinoma. On Kaplan-Meier method, survival was decreased with older age, no hormonal treatment, stage D, high Gleason}s grade and stage as well as with larger size and irregular shape of the nuclei. In conclusion, morphometry of nuclei of the prostate can be a helpful tool to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. Nuclear morphology is thought to be associated with prognosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Transforming Growth Factor-beta Expression in Gastric Adenocarcinoma.: Young Hee Choi, Seoung Wan Chae, Min Chul Lee, Jung Weon Shim, Hye Kyung Ahn, Hye Rim Park, Gu Kang, Hyung Sik Shin, Young Euy Park; Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(3):272-281.

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Abstract: Thirty cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were examined immunohistochemically for expression of transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-beta) in order to analyze significant correlation with clinical stage and pathologic grade of gastric adenocarcinoma. Specific immunostaining was clearly detected in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells. The TGF-,6 expression in the gastric adenocarcinoma is closely related to the depth of invasion, the degree of invasiveness and the presence of metastasis. Thus, we observed the stronger immunohistochemical. expression of TGF-beta in the deeper portion of invasion and in the invasive gastric adenocarcinomas with the lymph nodal metastasis than in the superficial portion of invasion and in those without the lymph nodal metastasis. There results suggest that the transforming growth factors expression in carcinoma cells may play an important role in the carcinomatous invasion resulting in metastasis.

Cavernous Hemangioma of the Ovary.: Jin Hee Sohn, Hye Rim Park, Young Euy Park, Young Woo Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(6):554-556.

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Abstract PDF: Hemangioma of the ovary is a very rare lesion, although the ovary itself is a highly vascularized organ. In the literature review, about 40 cases were reported all of which were small in size and they were usually identified incidentally. The age range spanned from 4 months to 81 years. Cavernous hemangioma was the most common histologic type. We experienced a case of cavernous hemangioma of the left ovary in a 26 year-old pregnant woman. The lesion was 8x6x2cm in size with well demarcated margin. The cut surface was purple to bluish red in color and had a spongy-like appearance. Microscopically, it was composed of dilated vascular spaces with a common wall.

Case Report

A Case Report of Strumal Carcinoid of the Ovary.: Young Hee Choi, Seoung Wan Chae, Hye Rim Park, Min Chul Lee, Young Euy Park; Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(3):307-312.

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Abstract: Strumal carcinoid of the ovary is a rare turkor characterized by an intimate mixture of thyroid follicles and carcinoid. Herein is reported an ovarian strumal carcinoid in a serous cystadenoma from a 27-year-old pregnant woman. The thyroid follicular epithelial cells had immunohistochemically thyroglobulin and carcinoid tumor cells contained neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin and carcinoembryonic antigen. In addition, carcinoid cells showed neuroendocrine granules ultrastructurally. Calcitonin and amyloid were not found. This tumor may be originated from pluripotent endodermal germ cells on the basis of morphologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies.

Original Articles

Expression of p27Kip1 Protein in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma.: Hyang Im Lee, Duck Hwan Kim, Eun Sook Nam, Hye Rim Park, Seoung Wan Chae, Chul Jae Park, Jeong Rye Kim, Hyung Sik Shin; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(2):132-137.

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Abstract PDF: p27Kip1 has been recognized as a negative regulator of cell cycle. Reduced level of p27 expression is associated with development and aggressiveness of several human tumors. To investigate the role of p27Kip1 on progression of colorectal adenocarcinoma, we studied 40 cases of human colorectal adenocarcinomas for expression of p27Kip1 protein using an immunohistochemical method, and compared these results with known prognostic parameters of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Among 40 cases of colorectal adenocarcinomas, p27Kip1 expression was detected in the nuclei of tumor cells in 14 cases (35%). The expression rate of p27Kip1 protein was significantly lower in the cases with lymph node metastasis (25.8%) than in those without lymph node metastasis (66.6%) (p<0.05). But it did not correlate with other parameters such as tumor size, histologic grade, vascular invasion, and Ki-67 labeling index. The results suggest that reduced expression of p27Kip1 protein plays a role in biologically aggressive behavior of colorectal adenocarcinoma.

An Application of Immunohistochemical Study of Cytokeratin in Tumor Diagnosis.: Hye Rim Park, In Sun Kim, Seung Yong Paik; Korean J Pathol. 1988;22(1):1-12.

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Abstract PDF: Cytokeratins are a family of polypeptides of intermediate filaments which in diverse epithelia are expressed in diffeent, yet specific combinations. To evaluate the diagnostic value of keratin, immunohistochemical staining was done in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded normal and neoplastic tissues by PAP and StreptABC methods. The antiserum for cytokeratin in monoclonal antibody which gives the specificity for 40, 46, 50, 52, 56, 58, and 65-67 Kd keratin classes. The results are as follows: 1) The staining was positive for cytokeratin in all of the squamous epithelium, ductular epithelial cells of various glands, respiratory and urinary tract epithelium, and mesothelial cells. 2) No staining for cytokeratin was ovserved in respiratory alveolar epithelium, acinar cells of various glands, renal glomeruli, hepatocytes, and many mesoderm-derived tissues such as muscle, hematopoieitc and lymphoid tissues, nerve, bone, cartilage, and fibroblasts. 3) Squamous cell carcinomas, transitional cell carcinomas, mesotheliomas, and some of the adenocarcinomas (stomach, colon, uterine cervix, biliary tract and breast) exhibited positive staining for cytokeratin. Epithelial cells of thymoma, adenomatoid tumor, plemorphic adenoma of salivary gland, papillary carcinoma of thyroid, lymphoepithelioma, and craniopharyngioma were also positive. 4) Some of the adenocarcinomas (prostate and pancreas), renal cell carcinoma, ovarian stromal and germ cell tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and mesoderm-derived tumors including malignant lymphoma were uniformly negative for staining. 5) From the above results, the immunohistochemical study in paraffin-embedded tissues using monoclonal antibody for cyto keratin may be useful to differentiate various tumors, especially in differential of hepatocellular carcinoma from bile duct adenocarcinoma, lymphoepithelioma and other undifferentiated carcinomas from lymphoma, thymoma from lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinoma from melanoma. It will be helpful in the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma in which the differentiation from renal cell carcinoma and prostatic adenocarcinoma be difficult.

Clinicopathologic Analysis of Gastrointestinal Polyps.: Hye Rim Park, In Sun Kim, Seung Yong Paik; Korean J Pathol. 1988;22(3):232-243.

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Abstract PDF: Pathologists play an important role in proper evaluation of endoscopically removed polyps of the gastrointestinal tract. This study is purposed to reclassify the polyps and review the clinicopathologic features of each histologic subtypes and their malignant potential. Our material consists of total 345 gastrointestinal polyps obtained from Jan. 1986 to Dec. 1987. The results are as follows: 1) A total of 345 gastrointestinal polyps was removed from stomach is 151 cases, from colon in 180 cases, and from small intestine in 14 cases. 2) Hyperplastic polyps were the most common type of polyps I stomach (53.6%) whereas neoplastic polyps were the most common in colon (56.1%). 3) Hyperplastic polyps of the stomach occur in any age after the 3rd decade of life and neoplastic polyps predominantly developed between the 5th and 8th decades. Juvenile retention polyps were frequently noted before the 3rd decade of age. 4) Approximately 267 cases (77.4%) of patients had a single polyp and the remainders had multiple polyps. The gastric polyps were usually located at the antrum and the colonic polyps were at the sigmoid colon and rectum. 5) Epithelial atypia was exclusively noted in the neoplastic polyps of stomach (72.7%) and colon (72.3%). Malignancy in the polyp was observed in the neoplastic polyps only (13 cases). 6) Different types of polyp may occur in the same organ.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Originating from an Epidermal Cyst.: Jung Weon Shim, Seoung Wan Chae, Hye Rim Park, Young Euy Park; Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(5):536-537.

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Abstract PDF: The occurrence of sqamous cell carcinoma arising from epidermal cyst is unusual. A 54-year-old man with soft tissue mass on the back for 25 years presented an infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma within the wall of epidermal cyst. All tissue excised deserved to be examined to be axamined carefully in longterm epidermal cyst.

Malignant Meningioma: Clinical, Radiologic and Pathologic Characteristics.: Hye Rim Park, Yang Seok Chae, Kap No Lee, Seung Yong Paik; Korean J Pathol. 1988;22(3):277-284.

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Abstract PDF: This is a report of the clinico-pathologic findings in six cases of histologically verified malignant meningiomas-three hemangiopericytic and three anaplastic types. They were three males and three females and two of them were reoperated for recurrence. The hemangiopericytic types had similar angiographic and macroscopic features and malignant characteristics such as increased mitoses. The anaplastic types lacked typical arrangement, but had a large number of mitoses, increased cellularity, focal necrosis, pleomorphism, anaplasia, and the adjacent normal parenchymal infiltration. However the metastasis was not yet proven in these cases.

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