Fig. 1Representative photographs of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma stained with (A) hematoxylin-eosin, and antibodies against (B) p16, (C) pRb, (D) cyclin D1, (E) p53, and (F) human papillomavirus in situ hybridization.
Fig. 2Kaplan-Meier survival curves by log-rank test. Disease-specific survival for (A) human papillomavirus (HPV), (C) p16, and (E) pRb. Overall survival for (B) HPV, (D) p16, and (F) pRb.
Fig. 3Survival curves using Kaplan-Meier method by log-rank test. Disease-specific survival for (A) cyclin D1 and (C) p53. Overall survival for (B) cyclin D1 and (D) p53. (E, F) Subgroup analysis of human papillomavirus (HPV) status and p53 immunoreactivity.
Table 1.Demographic characteristics, risk factors, and stage in HPV-positive and -negative TSCCs
Variables |
Total |
HPV-positive |
HPV-negative |
p-value |
Gender |
|
|
|
1.000 |
Male |
81 (91) |
54 (60.7) |
27 (30.3) |
|
Female |
8 (9) |
5 (5.6) |
3 (3.4) |
|
Age (yr) |
|
|
|
0.005*
|
≤ 60 |
64 (72) |
48 (54) |
16 (18) |
|
> 60 |
25 (28) |
11 (12.3) |
14 (15.7) |
|
Tobacco use |
|
|
|
0.490 |
Non-smoker |
28 (31.5) |
21 (23.6) |
7 (7.9) |
|
Former smoker |
8 (9) |
5 (5.6) |
3 (3.4) |
|
Current smoker |
53 (59.5) |
33 (37.1) |
20 (22.4) |
|
Alcohol consumption |
|
|
|
0.907 |
No history |
27 (30.3) |
18 (20.2) |
9 (10.1) |
|
≤ 3 drinks per day |
26 (29.2) |
18 (20.2) |
8 (9) |
|
> 3 drinks per day |
36 (40.5) |
23 (25.9) |
13 (14.6) |
|
Tumor size (cm) |
|
|
|
0.039*
|
≤ 4 |
78 (87.6) |
55 (61.8) |
23 (25.8) |
|
> 4 |
11 (12.4) |
4 (4.5) |
7 (7.9) |
|
T stage |
|
|
|
0.156 |
T1 and T2 |
70 (78.7) |
49 (55.1) |
21 (23.6) |
|
T3 and T4 |
19 (21.3) |
10 (11.2) |
9 (10.1) |
|
N stage |
|
|
|
0.247 |
N0 |
10 (11.2) |
5 (5.6) |
5 (5.6) |
|
N1, N2, and N3 |
79 (88.8) |
54 (60.7) |
25 (28.1) |
|
M stage |
|
|
|
0.659 |
M0 |
83 (93.2) |
54 (60.7) |
29 (32.6) |
|
M1 |
6 (6.8) |
5 (5.6) |
1 (1.1) |
|
Anatomic stage |
|
|
|
0.970 |
I and II |
18 (20.2) |
12 (13.5) |
6 (6.7) |
|
III and IV |
71 (79.8) |
47 (52.8) |
24 (27.0) |
|
Table 2.p16, pRb, cyclin D1, and p53 immunohistochemical staining in HPV-positive and -negative TSCCs
Variables |
Total |
HPV-positive |
HPV-negative |
p-value |
p16 |
|
|
|
< 0.001*
|
Positive |
74 (83.1) |
57 (64.0) |
17 (19.1) |
|
Negative |
15 (16.9) |
2 (2.3) |
13 (14.6) |
|
pRb |
|
|
|
0.003*
|
Positive |
5 (5.6) |
0 (0) |
5 (5.6) |
|
Negative |
84 (94.4) |
59 (66.3) |
25 (28.1) |
|
Cyclin D1 |
|
|
|
< 0.001*
|
Positive |
21 (23.6) |
6 (6.7) |
15 (16.9) |
|
Negative |
68 (76.4) |
53 (59.5) |
15 (16.9) |
|
p53 |
|
|
|
0.334 |
Positive |
24 (27.0) |
14 (15.7) |
10 (11.3) |
|
Negative |
65 (73.0) |
45 (50.5) |
20 (22.5) |
|
Table 3.HPV status according to histopathologic features
Variables |
Total |
HPV-positive |
HPV-negative |
p-value |
Tumor origin |
|
|
|
0.075 |
Crypt |
64 (71.9) |
46 (51.7) |
18 (20.2) |
|
Surface |
25 (28.1) |
13 (14.6) |
12 (13.5) |
|
Differentiation |
|
|
|
0.128 |
WD |
16 (18.0) |
8 (9.0) |
8 (9.0) |
|
MD and PD |
73 (82.0) |
51 (57.3) |
22 (24.7) |
|
Keratinization |
|
|
|
0.832 |
Keratinizing |
31 (34.8) |
21 (23.6) |
10 (11.2) |
|
Non-keratinizing |
58 (65.2) |
38 (42.7) |
20 (22.5) |
|
LN metastasis |
|
|
|
0.367 |
Cystic |
37 (41.5) |
27 (30.3) |
10 (11.2) |
|
Non-cystic |
52 (58.5) |
32 (36.0) |
20 (22.5) |
|