Skip Navigation
Skip to contents

J Pathol Transl Med : Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

OPEN ACCESS
SEARCH
Search

Search

Page Path
HOME > Search
13 "Progesterone"
Filter
Filter
Article category
Keywords
Publication year
Authors
Funded articles
Original Articles
Analysis of the molecular subtypes of preoperative core needle biopsy and surgical specimens in invasive breast cancer
Ye Sul Jeong, Jun Kang, Jieun Lee, Tae-Kyung Yoo, Sung Hun Kim, Ahwon Lee
J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(1):87-94.   Published online November 13, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.10.14
  • 6,113 View
  • 194 Download
  • 13 Web of Science
  • 16 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Accurate molecular classification of breast core needle biopsy (CNB) tissue is important for determining neoadjuvant systemic therapies for invasive breast cancer. The researchers aimed to evaluate the concordance rate (CR) of molecular subtypes between CNBs and surgical specimens.
Methods
This study was conducted with invasive breast cancer patients who underwent surgery after CNB at Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital between December 2014 and December 2017. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki67 were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. ER and PR were evaluated by Allred score (0–8). HER2 was graded from 0 to +3, and all 2+ cases were reflex tested with silver in situ hybridization. The labeling index of Ki67 was counted by either manual scoring or digital image analysis. Molecular subtypes were classified using the above surrogate markers.
Results
In total, 629 patients were evaluated. The CRs of ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 were 96.5% (kappa, 0.883; p<.001), 93.0% (kappa, 0.824; p<.001), 99.7% (kappa, 0.988; p<.001), and 78.7% (kappa, 0.577; p<.001), respectively. Digital image analysis of Ki67 in CNB showed better concordance with Ki67 in surgical specimens (CR, 82.3%; kappa, 0.639 for digital image analysis vs. CR, 76.2%; kappa, 0.534 for manual counting). The CRs of luminal A, luminal B, HER2, and triple negative types were 89.0%, 70.0%, 82.9%, and 77.2%, respectively.
Conclusions
CNB was reasonably accurate for determining ER, PR, HER2, Ki67, and molecular subtypes. Using digital image analysis for Ki67 in CNB produced more accurate molecular classifications.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Study on Intratumoral Heterogeneity of Expression of Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 in Carcinoma Breast
    Ragavi Uthayasuriyan, Sheba K Jacob, Saloni Naresh Shah
    Apollo Medicine.2024; 21(1): 51.     CrossRef
  • Concordance of HER2 status between core needle biopsy and surgical resection specimens of breast cancer: an analysis focusing on the HER2-low status
    Sei Na, Milim Kim, Yujun Park, Hyun Jung Kwon, Hee-Chul Shin, Eun-Kyu Kim, Mijung Jang, Sun Mi Kim, So Yeon Park
    Breast Cancer.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Concordance of immunohistochemistry for predictive and prognostic factors in breast cancer between biopsy and surgical excision: a single-centre experience and review of the literature
    Chiara Rossi, Sara Fraticelli, Marianna Fanizza, Alberta Ferrari, Elisa Ferraris, Alessia Messina, Angelica Della Valle, Chiara Annunziata Pasqualina Anghelone, Angioletta Lasagna, Gianpiero Rizzo, Lorenzo Perrone, Maria Grazia Sommaruga, Giulia Meloni, S
    Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2023; 198(3): 573.     CrossRef
  • Single-center study on clinicopathological and typical molecular pathologic features of metastatic brain tumor
    Su Hwa Kim, Young Suk Lee, Sung Hak Lee, Yeoun Eun Sung, Ahwon Lee, Jun Kang, Jae-Sung Park, Sin Soo Jeun, Youn Soo Lee
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(4): 217.     CrossRef
  • The Role of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Based on Maximum-Intensity Projection in Young Patients with Marked Background Parenchymal Enhancement on Contrast-Enhanced Breast MRI
    Ga-Eun Park, Bong-Joo Kang, Sung-hun Kim, Na-Young Jung
    Life.2023; 13(8): 1744.     CrossRef
  • Concordance between core needle biopsy and surgical excision specimens for Ki‐67 in breast cancer – a systematic review of the literature
    Jahnavi Kalvala, Ruth M Parks, Andrew R Green, Kwok‐Leung Cheung
    Histopathology.2022; 80(3): 468.     CrossRef
  • İnvaziv Meme Kanserinde Preoperatif Kor İğne Biyopsi ile Postoperatif Cerrahi Spesmenler Arasında ER, PR, HER2 ve Ki67 Açısından Karşılaştırma
    Pınar CELEPLİ, Pelin Seher ÖZTEKİN, Salih CELEPLİ, İrem BİGAT, Sema HÜCÜMENOĞLU
    Akdeniz Medical Journal.2022; : 179.     CrossRef
  • Concordance of breast cancer biomarker testing in core needle biopsy and surgical specimens: A single institution experience
    Jessica A. Slostad, Nicole K. Yun, Aimee E. Schad, Surbhi Warrior, Louis F. Fogg, Ruta Rao
    Cancer Medicine.2022; 11(24): 4954.     CrossRef
  • N-Cadherin Distinguishes Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma from Liver Metastases of Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas
    Tiemo S. Gerber, Benjamin Goeppert, Anne Hausen, Hagen R. Witzel, Fabian Bartsch, Mario Schindeldecker, Lisa-Katharina Gröger, Dirk A. Ridder, Oscar Cahyadi, Irene Esposito, Matthias M. Gaida, Peter Schirmacher, Peter R. Galle, Hauke Lang, Wilfried Roth,
    Cancers.2022; 14(13): 3091.     CrossRef
  • Association of Ki-67 Change Pattern After Core Needle Biopsy and Prognosis in HR+/HER2− Early Breast Cancer Patients
    Shuai Li, Xiaosong Chen, Kunwei Shen
    Frontiers in Surgery.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • MRI Features for Prediction Malignant Intra-Mammary Lymph Nodes: Correlations with Mammography and Ultrasound
    Meejung Kim, Bong Joo Kang, Ga Eun Park
    Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging.2022; 26(2): 135.     CrossRef
  • A single centre experience in Turkey for comparison between core needle biopsy and surgical specimen evaluation results for HER2, SISH, estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors in breast cancer patients
    Hatice Karaman, Fatma Senel, Arzu Tasdemir, Ipek Özer, Merve Dogan
    Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.2022; 18(6): 1789.     CrossRef
  • Meme kanseri trucut ve rezeksiyon materyallerinde yeni moleküler sınıflama, tanı ve hormon reseptörlerinin durumu tutarlı mı?
    Yeliz ARMAN KARAKAYA, Sevda YILMAZ, Hande KARABAŞ
    Pamukkale Medical Journal.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • What shear wave elastography parameter best differentiates breast cancer and predicts its histologic aggressiveness?
    Hyunjin Kim, Jeongmin Lee, Bong Joo Kang, Sung Hun Kim
    Ultrasonography.2021; 40(2): 265.     CrossRef
  • Risk-based decision-making in the treatment of HER2-positive early breast cancer: Recommendations based on the current state of knowledge
    Christian Jackisch, Patricia Cortazar, Charles E. Geyer, Luca Gianni, Joseph Gligorov, Zuzana Machackova, Edith A. Perez, Andreas Schneeweiss, Sara M. Tolaney, Michael Untch, Andrew Wardley, Martine Piccart
    Cancer Treatment Reviews.2021; 99: 102229.     CrossRef
  • Factors influencing agreement of breast cancer luminal molecular subtype by Ki67 labeling index between core needle biopsy and surgical resection specimens
    Kristina A. Tendl-Schulz, Fabian Rössler, Philipp Wimmer, Ulrike M. Heber, Martina Mittlböck, Nicolas Kozakowski, Katja Pinker, Rupert Bartsch, Peter Dubsky, Florian Fitzal, Martin Filipits, Fanny Carolina Eckel, Eva-Maria Langthaler, Günther Steger, Mich
    Virchows Archiv.2020; 477(4): 545.     CrossRef
Expression of female sex hormone receptors and its relation to clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma
Jin Hwan Lee, Han Kyeom Kim, Bong Kyung Shin
J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(1):103-111.   Published online November 13, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.10.12
  • 5,310 View
  • 133 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Adenocarcinoma (ADC) of the lung exhibits different clinicopathological characteristics in men and women. Recent studies have suggested that these differences originate from the expression of female sex hormone receptors in tumor cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of female sex hormone receptors in lung ADC and determine the expression patterns in patients with different clinicopathological characteristics.
Methods
A total of 84 patients with lung ADC who underwent surgical resection and/or core biopsy were recruited for the present study. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ), progesterone receptor (PR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), EGFR E746- A750 del, and EGFR L858R using tissue microarray.
Results
A total of 39 (46.4%) ERα-positive, 71 (84.5%) ERβ-positive, and 46 (54.8%) PR-positive lung ADCs were identified. In addition, there were 81 (96.4%) EGFR-positive, 14 (16.7%) EGFR E746-A750 del–positive, and 34 (40.5%) EGFR L858R–positive cases. The expression of female sex hormone receptors was not significantly different in clinicopathologically different subsets of lung ADC.
Conclusions
Expression of female sex hormone receptors is not associated with the prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with lung ADC.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Molecular characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer tissue based on quantitative indicators of progesterone receptors expression
    I. P. Romanov, T. A. Bogush, A. M. Scherbakov, A. A. Alimov, E. A. Bogush, A.  B. Ravcheeva, A. Lee, V. S. Kosorukov
    Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy.2024; 69(1-2): 29.     CrossRef
  • Complex Differential Diagnosis between Primary Breast Cancer and Breast Metastasis from EGFR-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review
    Carmine Valenza, Francesca Maria Porta, Alessandra Rappa, Elena Guerini-Rocco, Giuseppe Viale, Massimo Barberis, Filippo de Marinis, Giuseppe Curigliano, Chiara Catania
    Current Oncology.2021; 28(5): 3384.     CrossRef
  • Development of a 15-Gene Signature Model as a Prognostic Tool in Sex Hormone-Dependent Cancers
    Zhi Xia, Jian Xiao, Aibin Liu, Qiong Chen, Arumugam R. Jayakumar
    BioMed Research International.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef
  • Gender-specific aspects of epidemiology, molecular genetics and outcome: lung cancer
    Nuria Mederos, Alex Friedlaender, Solange Peters, Alfredo Addeo
    ESMO Open.2020; 5(Suppl 4): e000796.     CrossRef
Serous Adenocarcinoma of Fallopian Tubes: Histological and Immunohistochemical Aspects
Natalia Hyriavenko, Mykola Lyndin, Kateryna Sikora, Artem Piddubnyi, Ludmila Karpenko, Olha Kravtsova, Dmytrii Hyriavenko, Olena Diachenko, Vladyslav Sikora, Anatolii Romaniuk
J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(4):236-243.   Published online April 11, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.03.21
  • 6,016 View
  • 122 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Although primary cancer of the fallopian tubes is a relatively rare type of tumor in female reproductive organs, its mortality is quite high. It is important to identify molecular and biological markers of this malignancy that determine its specific phenotype.
Methods
The study was carried out on samples received from 71 female patients with primary cancer of the fallopian tubes. The main molecular and biological properties, including hormone status (estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR]), human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)/neu expression, proliferative potential (Ki-67), apoptosis (p53, Bcl-2), and pro-angiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor) quality of serous tumors were studied in comparison with clinical and morphological characteristics.
Results
ER and PR expression is accompanied by low grade neoplasia, early clinical disease stage, and absence of lymphogenic metastasis (p < .001). HER2/neu expression is not typical for primary cancer of the fallopian tubes. Ki-67 expression is characterized by an inverse correlation with ER and PR (p < .05) and is associated with lymphogenic metastasis (p < .01). p53+ status correlates with high grade malignancy, tumor progression, metastasis, negative ER/PR (p < .001), and negative Bcl-2 status (p < .05). Positive Bcl-2 status is positively correlated with ER and PR expression and low grade malignancy.
Conclusions
Complex morphologic (histological and immunohistochemical) study of postoperative material allows estimation of the degree of malignancy and tumor spread to enable appropriate treatment for each case.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Rare non-serous fallopian tube cancers: institutional experience and literature review
    Dmitrii Sumtsov, Georgyi Sumtsov, Nataliia Hyriavenko, Mykola Lyndin, Kateryna Sikora, Nataliia Kalashnik, Svitlana Smiian, Igor Gladchuk
    Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • FEATURES OF ENDOMETRIUM STRUCTURE IN ALCOHOL-ABUSING HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS
    M. Lytvynenko
    Inter Collegas.2021; 8(1): 52.     CrossRef
  • Concurrent Clostridial Enteritis and Oviductal Adenocarcinoma with Carcinomatosis in an Adult Alpaca (Vicugna pacos)
    Mandy Womble, Megan E. Schreeg, Allison Hoch, Enoch B. de Souza Meira, Derek Foster, Christopher Premanandan, Tatiane T. Negrão Watanabe
    Journal of Comparative Pathology.2021; 189: 52.     CrossRef
  • Problems of primary fallopian tube cancer diagnostics during and after surgery
    D.G. Sumtsov, I.Z. Gladchuk, G.O. Sumtsov, N.I. Hyriavenko, M.S. Lyndin, V.V. Sikora, V.M. Zaporozhan
    REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY.2021; (59): 66.     CrossRef
Loss of Progesterone Receptor Expression Is an Early Tumorigenesis Event Associated with Tumor Progression and Shorter Survival in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Patients
Sung Joo Kim, Soyeon An, Jae Hoon Lee, Joo Young Kim, Ki-Byung Song, Dae Wook Hwang, Song Cheol Kim, Eunsil Yu, Seung-Mo Hong
J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(4):388-395.   Published online June 8, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.03.19
  • 6,480 View
  • 133 Download
  • 14 Web of Science
  • 13 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are the second most common pancreatic neoplasms and there is no well-elucidated biomarker to stratify their detection and prognosis. Previous studies have reported that progesterone receptor (PR) expression status was associated with poorer survival in PanNET patients.
Methods
To validate previous studies, PR protein expression was assessed in 21 neuroendocrine microadenomas and 277 PanNETs and compared with clinicopathologic factors including patient survival.
Results
PR expression was gradually decreased from normal islets (49/49 cases, 100%) to neuroendocrine microadenoma (14/21, 66.6%) to PanNETs (60/277, 21.3%; p < .001). PanNETs with loss of PR expression were associated with increased tumor size (p < .001), World Health Organization grade (p = .001), pT classification (p < .001), perineural invasion (p = .028), lymph node metastasis (p = .004), activation of alternative lengthening of telomeres (p = .005), other peptide hormonal expression (p < .001) and ATRX/DAXX expression (p = .015). PanNET patients with loss of PR expression (5-year survival rate, 64.1%) had significantly poorer recurrence-free survival outcomes than those with intact PR expression (90%) by univariate (p = .012) but not multivariate analyses. Similarly, PanNET patients with PR expression loss (5-year survival rate, 76%) had significantly poorer overall survival by univariate (p = .015) but not multivariate analyses.
Conclusions
Loss of PR expression was noted in neuroendocrine microadenomas and was observed in the majority of PanNETs. This was associated with increased grade, tumor size, and advanced pT and pN classification; and was correlated with decreased patient survival time by univariate but not multivariate analyses. Loss of PR expression can provide additional information on shorter disease-free survival in PanNET patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Venous invasion and lymphatic invasion are correlated with the postoperative prognosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm
    Sho Kiritani, Junichi Arita, Yuichiro Mihara, Rihito Nagata, Akihiko Ichida, Yoshikuni Kawaguchi, Takeaki Ishizawa, Nobuhisa Akamatsu, Junichi Kaneko, Kiyoshi Hasegawa
    Surgery.2023; 173(2): 365.     CrossRef
  • Combined Infiltrative Macroscopic Growth Pattern and Infiltrative Microscopic Tumor Border Status Is a Novel Surrogate Marker of Poor Prognosis in Patients With Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
    Bokyung Ahn, Joo Young Kim, Seung-Mo Hong
    Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine.2023; 147(1): 100.     CrossRef
  • HORMONET: a phase II trial of tamoxifen for estrogen/progesterone receptor-positive neuroendocrine tumors
    Milton J. Barros, Jonathan Strosberg, Taymeyah Al-Toubah, Victor Hugo F. de Jesus, Lais Durant, Celso A. Mello, Tiago C. Felismino, Louise De Brot, Rodrigo G. Taboada, Mauro D. Donadio, Rachel P. Riechelmann
    Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic and Prognostic Impact of Progesterone Receptor Immunohistochemistry: A Study Evaluating More Than 16,000 Tumors
    Florian Viehweger, Lisa-Marie Tinger, David Dum, Natalia Gorbokon, Anne Menz, Ria Uhlig, Franziska Büscheck, Andreas M. Luebke, Claudia Hube-Magg, Andrea Hinsch, Doris Höflmayer, Christoph Fraune, Patrick Lebok, Sören Weidemann, Maximilian Lennartz, Frank
    Analytical Cellular Pathology.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic Nomograms to Predict Overall Survival and Cancer-Specific Survival of Patients With Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
    Zuoli Song, Sumei Wang, Yujing Wu, Jinjuan Zhang, Shuye Liu
    Pancreas.2021; 50(3): 414.     CrossRef
  • Pancreatic High-Grade Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in the Korean Population: A Multicenter Study
    Haeryoung Kim, Soyeon An, Kyoungbun Lee, Sangjeong Ahn, Do Youn Park, Jo-Heon Kim, Dong-Wook Kang, Min-Ju Kim, Mee Soo Chang, Eun Sun Jung, Joon Mee Kim, Yoon Jung Choi, So-Young Jin, Hee Kyung Chang, Mee-Yon Cho, Yun Kyung Kang, Myunghee Kang, Soomin Ahn
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2020; 52(1): 263.     CrossRef
  • Systemic distribution of progesterone receptor subtypes in human tissues
    Teeranut Asavasupreechar, Ryoko Saito, Yasuhiro Miki, Dean P. Edwards, Viroj Boonyaratanakornkit, Hironobu Sasano
    The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.2020; 199: 105599.     CrossRef
  • Progesteron receptor expression in insulin producing cells of neuroendocrine neoplasms
    Tomoyoshi Tachibana, Atsuko Kasajima, Takeshi Aoki, Tomoaki Tabata, Keely McNamara, Samaneh Yazdani, Sato Satoko, Fumiyoshi Fujishima, Fuyuhiko Motoi, Michiaki Unno, Hironobu Sasano
    The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.2020; 201: 105694.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic and predictive factors on overall survival and surgical outcomes in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: recent advances and controversies
    Lingaku Lee, Tetsuhide Ito, Robert T Jensen
    Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2019; 19(12): 1029.     CrossRef
  • Immunohistochemistry, carcinomas of unknown primary, and incidence rates
    Edward B. Stelow, Hadi Yaziji
    Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology.2018; 35(2): 143.     CrossRef
  • Carbonic anhydrase 9 expression in well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms might be associated with aggressive behavior and poor survival
    Joo Young Kim, Sang Hwa Lee, Soyeon An, Sung Joo Kim, You-Na Sung, Ki-Byung Song, Dae Wook Hwang, Song Cheol Kim, Seung-Mo Hong
    Virchows Archiv.2018; 472(5): 739.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic value of progesterone receptor in solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas: evaluation of a pooled case series
    Feiyang Wang, Zibo Meng, Shoukang Li, Yushun Zhang, Heshui Wu
    BMC Gastroenterology.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Estrogens modulate progesterone receptor expression and may contribute to progesterone-mediated apoptotic β-cell death
    Viviane Abreu Nunes
    Endocrinology&Metabolism International Journal.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
Characteristic Changes in Decidual Gene Expression Signature in Spontaneous Term Parturition
Haidy El-Azzamy, Andrea Balogh, Roberto Romero, Yi Xu, Christopher LaJeunesse, Olesya Plazyo, Zhonghui Xu, Theodore G. Price, Zhong Dong, Adi L. Tarca, Zoltan Papp, Sonia S. Hassan, Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa, Chong Jai Kim, Nardhy Gomez-Lopez, Nandor Gabor Than
J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(3):264-283.   Published online February 22, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.12.20
  • 12,838 View
  • 270 Download
  • 28 Web of Science
  • 25 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
The decidua has been implicated in the “terminal pathway” of human term parturition, which is characterized by the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways in gestational tissues. However, the transcriptomic changes in the decidua leading to terminal pathway activation have not been systematically explored. This study aimed to compare the decidual expression of developmental signaling and inflammation-related genes before and after spontaneous term labor in order to reveal their involvement in this process.
Methods
Chorioamniotic membranes were obtained from normal pregnant women who delivered at term with spontaneous labor (TIL, n = 14) or without labor (TNL, n = 15). Decidual cells were isolated from snap-frozen chorioamniotic membranes with laser microdissection. The expression of 46 genes involved in decidual development, sex steroid and prostaglandin signaling, as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways, was analyzed using high-throughput quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Chorioamniotic membrane sections were immunostained and then semi-quantified for five proteins, and immunoassays for three chemokines were performed on maternal plasma samples.
Results
The genes with the highest expression in the decidua at term gestation included insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), galectin-1 (LGALS1), and progestogen-associated endometrial protein (PAEP); the expression of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), homeobox A11 (HOXA11), interleukin 1β (IL1B), IL8, progesterone receptor membrane component 2 (PGRMC2), and prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES) was higher in TIL than in TNL cases; the expression of chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL5, LGALS1, LGALS3, and PAEP was lower in TIL than in TNL cases; immunostaining confirmed qRT-PCR data for IL-8, CCL2, galectin-1, galectin-3, and PAEP; and no correlations between the decidual gene expression and the maternal plasma protein concentrations of CCL2, CCL5, and IL-8 were found.
Conclusions
Our data suggests that with the initiation of parturition, the decidual expression of anti-inflammatory mediators decreases, while the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and steroid receptors increases. This shift may affect downstream signaling pathways that can lead to parturition.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Is human labor at term an inflammatory condition?
    Chandrashekara Kyathanahalli, Madeline Snedden, Emmet Hirsch
    Biology of Reproduction.2023; 108(1): 23.     CrossRef
  • CCL2: An important cytokine in normal and pathological pregnancies: A review
    Zhi Lin, Jia-Lu Shi, Min Chen, Zi-Meng Zheng, Ming-Qing Li, Jun Shao
    Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles in maternal plasma of women with fetal death
    Dahiana M. Gallo, Wendy Fitzgerald, Roberto Romero, Nardhy Gomez-Lopez, Dereje W. Gudicha, Nándor Gábor Than, Mariachiara Bosco, Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa, Eunjung Jung, Arun Meyyazhagan, Manaphat Suksai, Francesca Gotsch, Offer Erez, Adi L. Tarca, Leonid
    The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Downregulated INHBB in endometrial tissue of recurrent implantation failure patients impeded decidualization through the ADCY1/cAMP signalling pathway
    Hui Zhang, Zhilong Wang, Quan Zhou, Zhiwen Cao, Yue Jiang, Manlin Xu, Jingyu Liu, Jidong Zhou, Guijun Yan, Haixiang Sun
    Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics.2023; 40(5): 1135.     CrossRef
  • Regulation of inflammatory genes in decidual cells: Involvement of the bromodomain and extra-terminal family proteins
    Sandeep Ajgaonkar, Jonathan J. Hirst, Mary Norris, Tamas Zakar, Giovanni Camussi
    PLOS ONE.2023; 18(3): e0280645.     CrossRef
  • Decidual cells and decidualization in the carnivoran endotheliochorial placenta
    Mónica Elizabeth Diessler, Rocío Hernández, Gimena Gomez Castro, Claudio Gustavo Barbeito
    Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Further Evidence that an Episode of Premature Labor Is a Pathologic State: Involvement of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor System
    Priya Prasad, Roberto Romero, Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa, Nardhy Gomez-Lopez, Anderson Lo, Jose Galaz, Andreea B. Taran, Eunjung Jung, Francesca Gotsch, Nandor Gabor Than, Adi L. Tarca
    Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy.2023; 50(4): 236.     CrossRef
  • Galectins-1, -3 and -9 Are Present in Breast Milk and Have a Role in Early Life Development
    Karla Rio-Aige, Marina Girbal, Marta Selma-Royo, Anna Parra-Llorca, Sonia González, Cecilia Martínez-Costa, Margarida Castell, María Carmen Collado, Francisco J. Pérez-Cano, María J. Rodríguez-Lagunas
    Nutrients.2022; 14(20): 4338.     CrossRef
  • The Expression of IL-1β Correlates with the Expression of Galectin-3 in the Tissue at the Maternal–Fetal Interface during the Term and Preterm Labor
    Nikola Jovic, Marija Milovanovic, Jovana Joksimovic Jovic, Marija Bicanin Ilic, Dejana Rakic, Vladimir Milenkovic, Bojana Stojanovic, Jelena Milovanovic, Aleksandar Arsenijevic, Nebojsa Arsenijevic, Mirjana Varjacic
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(21): 6521.     CrossRef
  • Galectin-1 and Galectin-9 Concentration in Maternal Serum: Implications in Pregnancies Complicated with Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
    Dorota Grażyna Boroń, Aleksy Świetlicki, Michał Potograbski, Grażyna Kurzawińska, Przemysław Wirstlein, Daniel Boroń, Krzysztof Drews, Agnieszka Seremak-Mrozikiewicz
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(21): 6330.     CrossRef
  • Placental galectins regulate innate and adaptive immune responses in pregnancy
    Orsolya Oravecz, Roberto Romero, Eszter Tóth, Judit Kapitány, Máté Posta, Dahiana M. Gallo, Simona W. Rossi, Adi L. Tarca, Offer Erez, Zoltán Papp, János Matkó, Nándor Gábor Than, Andrea Balogh
    Frontiers in Immunology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Galectin-Levels Are Elevated in Infants Born Preterm Due to Amniotic Infection and Rapidly Decline in the Neonatal Period
    Kirstin Faust, Nancy Freitag, Gabriela Barrientos, Christoph Hartel, Sandra M. Blois
    Frontiers in Immunology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Inflammatory Amplification: A Central Tenet of Uterine Transition for Labor
    Kelycia B. Leimert, Wendy Xu, Magdalena M. Princ, Sylvain Chemtob, David M. Olson
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Medawar’s PostEra: Galectins Emerged as Key Players During Fetal-Maternal Glycoimmune Adaptation
    Ellen Menkhorst, Nandor Gabor Than, Udo Jeschke, Gabriela Barrientos, Laszlo Szereday, Gabriela Dveksler, Sandra M. Blois
    Frontiers in Immunology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Role of Decidual Subpopulations in Implantation, Menstruation and Miscarriage
    Joanne Muter, Chow-Seng Kong, Jan J. Brosens
    Frontiers in Reproductive Health.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Multiomic immune clockworks of pregnancy
    Laura S. Peterson, Ina A. Stelzer, Amy S. Tsai, Mohammad S. Ghaemi, Xiaoyuan Han, Kazuo Ando, Virginia D. Winn, Nadine R. Martinez, Kevin Contrepois, Mira N. Moufarrej, Stephen Quake, David A. Relman, Michael P. Snyder, Gary M. Shaw, David K. Stevenson, R
    Seminars in Immunopathology.2020; 42(4): 397.     CrossRef
  • Role of galectin-glycan circuits in reproduction: from healthy pregnancy to preterm birth (PTB)
    Sandra M. Blois, Stefan Verlohren, Gang Wu, Gary Clark, Anne Dell, Stuart M. Haslam, Gabriela Barrientos
    Seminars in Immunopathology.2020; 42(4): 469.     CrossRef
  • Functional changes in decidual mesenchymal stem/stromal cells are associated with spontaneous onset of labour
    Joan C Wijaya, Ramin Khanabdali, Harry M Georgiou, Maria I Kokkinos, Patrick F James, Shaun P Brennecke, Bill Kalionis
    Molecular Human Reproduction.2020; 26(8): 636.     CrossRef
  • Ageing in human parturition: impetus of the gestation clock in the decidua†
    Joan C Wijaya, Ramin Khanabdali, Harry M Georgiou, Bill Kalionis
    Biology of Reproduction.2020; 103(4): 695.     CrossRef
  • Cytotrophoblast extracellular vesicles enhance decidual cell secretion of immune modulators via TNF-alpha
    Sara K. Taylor, Sahar Houshdaran, Joshua F. Robinson, Matthew J. Gormley, Elaine Y. Kwan, Mirhan Kapidzic, Birgit Schilling, Linda C. Giudice, Susan J. Fisher
    Development.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A trypsin-based method for isolating leukocytes from human choriodecidua suitable for immunophenotyping and transcriptome studies
    Karla MacDonald-Ramos, Marcia Arenas-Hernandez, Ismael Mancilla-Herrera, Claudia Rangel-Escareño, Rodrigo Vega-Sanchez
    Immunobiology.2019; 224(1): 177.     CrossRef
  • Transcriptomic analysis of fetal membranes reveals pathways involved in preterm birth
    Silvana Pereyra, Claudio Sosa, Bernardo Bertoni, Rossana Sapiro
    BMC Medical Genomics.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Placental Galectins Are Key Players in Regulating the Maternal Adaptive Immune Response
    Andrea Balogh, Eszter Toth, Roberto Romero, Katalin Parej, Diana Csala, Nikolett L. Szenasi, Istvan Hajdu, Kata Juhasz, Arpad F. Kovacs, Hamutal Meiri, Petronella Hupuczi, Adi L. Tarca, Sonia S. Hassan, Offer Erez, Peter Zavodszky, Janos Matko, Zoltan Pap
    Frontiers in Immunology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Amnion epithelial cell–derived exosomes induce inflammatory changes in uterine cells
    Emily E. Hadley, Samantha Sheller-Miller, George Saade, Carlos Salomon, Sam Mesiano, Robert N. Taylor, Brandie D. Taylor, Ramkumar Menon
    American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.2018; 219(5): 478.e1.     CrossRef
  • Selective immuno-modulatory effect of prolactin upon pro-inflammatory response in human fetal membranes
    Pilar Flores-Espinosa, Eduardo Preciado-Martínez, Araceli Mejía-Salvador, Gabriela Sedano-González, Luisa Bermejo-Martínez, Adalberto Parra-Covarruvias, Guadalupe Estrada-Gutiérrez, Rodrigo Vega-Sánchez, Isabel Méndez, Braulio Quesada-Reyna, Andrea Olmos-
    Journal of Reproductive Immunology.2017; 123: 58.     CrossRef
Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Endometrial Adenocarcinomas in Young Women.
Gawon Choi, Jeong Won Kim, Shin Kwang Khang, Kyu Rae Kim
Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(5):441-447.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.5.441
  • 3,092 View
  • 19 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Despite an increased incidence of endometrial carcinomas in young Korean women, clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment outcomes have not been analyzed.
METHODS
We investigated clinicopathologic characteristics of endometrial carcinoma in 48 women who were under the age of 40 in order to determine treatment guideline.
RESULTS
According To The Criteria Of The Korean Society For Obesity, 70.8% Of Study Patients Were Overweight Or Obese, With An Average Body Mass Index (Bmi) Of 26.0 kg/m2. Twelve Patients Received Progesterone Treatment Only, And 6 Of Them Later Had Successful Pregnancies. The Histologic Subtype Was Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma In All Patients. Figo Stages Were 1A(41.7%), 1B(47.1%), II (2.8%), IIB2.8%), IIIA(2.8%), And IIIC (2.8%). Figo Grades Were Grade 1 (79%) Or 2 (21%). The Average Depth Of Invasion, Excluding Stage 1a, Was 4.6 Mm In The Hysterectomy Specimens. Two Patients Were Given Post-operative Radiation Treatment And 4 Were Treated With Chemotherapy. All But One Case Had An Uneventful Postoperative Course During Follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
A majority of endometrial carcinomas in young Korean women were associated with an early FIGO stage, favorable histologic subtype and grades, and a good prognosis. Progesterone treatment with close observation was a successful treatment option in a selected group of young patients.
An Immunohistochemical Study of the Relationships between Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen in Endometrial Hyperplasia and Adenocarcinoma.
Seol Mi Park, Hye Kyoung Yoon, Jong Eun Joo
Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(1):15-22.
  • 1,557 View
  • 18 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Estrogen and progesterone receptors exist in the epithelial and stromal cells of the endometrium. Proliferative disorders of the endometrium may be associated with autocrine and paracrine actions of estrogen and progesterone in epithelial and stromal cells. This study was performed to evaluate the differences estrogen and progesterone receptor(ER/PR) expression in the epithelial and stromal cells of endometrial hyperplasias and adenocarcinomas using immunohistochemical methods. Immunohistochemical analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) was done to evaluate a possible correlation between PCNA and hormone receptor expression. Evaluation was based on samples from 31 simple hyperplasias, 30 complex hyperplasias, and 32 adenocarcinomas. The immunohistochemical expression of ER, PR and PCNA in epithelial and stromal cells were examined according to a scoring system based on the percentage of positive cells and the staining intensity. The results were as follows; 1) The expression of ER and PR in epithelial cells showed a graded, significant decreases in simple hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma, in that order(ER: P=0.008, PR: P= 0.026). 2) PR expression in the stromal cells showed a significant decrease between hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma(P=0.003). The difference in ER expression was not significant. 3) In stromal cells, the decrease in PR expression was more prominent than the decrease in ER expression when complex hyperplasia was compared to simple hyperplasia. 4) The PCNA expression in simple and complex hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma was not higher than the expression of PCNA in nomal proliferative endometrium. There was no significant difference in PCNA expression between simple and complex hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma(P=0.073). 5) A negative correlation between PCNA and ER/PR expression was not demonstrated in simple and complex hyperplasia, or in adenocarcinoma. Endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma are probably related to a paracrine action of estrogen and progesterone in epithelial and stromal cells. A progressive loss of PR expression in stromal cells may induce abnormal proliferation of endometrium due to a disrupted hormonal balance.
Clinical Value of Demonstration of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors using Paraffin Wax Sections in Breast Carcinoma.
Hye Kyung Ahn, Yun Jung Kim, Young Euy Park
Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(2):89-93.
  • 1,581 View
  • 10 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study aimed at assessing the usefulness of paraffin wax sections for demonstration of ER(estrogen receptor) and PR(progesterone receptor), using brief microwave processing rather than proteolytic predigestion. The receptor status of a breast cancer is often into consideration when planning treatment nowadays. As biochemical receptor assays require large amount of fresh tumor tissue and are not always available for all tumors, pathologists are now increasingly asked to provide a service for the assessment of the receptor status in tissue routine sections. Until recently, immunohistochemical demonstration of receptors was used in frozen sections. Therefore, routinely processed paraffin wax sections of 25 cases of breast carcinoma with known ER and PR concentrations, estimated by the standard DCC(dextran-coated charcoal) biochemical assay, were examined using the ABC immunoperoxidase technique. The results were assessed semiquantitably, using a five grade scoring system. Of the 25 cases examined, with DCC cutoff point being <10 fmol,71% and 75% in positivity of each ER, PR receptor is concordant. Statistic analysis demonstrates high relationship between scoring system of IH method and DCC value in ER (R=0.6061, p=0.001) and PR (R=0.5832, p=0.001). The IH method can provide easily assessed reliable positive information about ER, PR status of breast carcinoma using routinely processed paraffin wax sections.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Estrogen Receptors and Progesterone Receptors in Leiomyoma of Uterus Compared with PCNA Index.
Jung Ran Kim
Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(2):140-149.
  • 1,774 View
  • 31 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Estrogen receptor(ER) and progesterone receptor(PR) were studied immunohistochemically using specific antireceptor monoclonal antibodies in leiomyomas and myometrium from same patients from 38 women in various stages of the menstrual cycle, menopause and pregnancy. Two postpartum uteri are also included. Immunohistochemical localization was quantified as to intensity of staining and tissue distribution, and the results were compared with those of PCNA index. In all samples, ER and PR localized within the nuclei of target cells. The histochemical score of ER in leiomyoma was significantly greater than that found in myometrium. But ER in leiomyoma was expressed in cyclic fashion(r=0.45, P=0.006), like as in myometrium, throughout the menstrual cycle, paralleled by a concomitant, though delayed. In contrast, PR content constantly maintained in myometrium and leiomyoma throughout menstrual cycle, and there was no significant difference between them. However, leiomyoma and myometrium of pregnancy showed a significant reduction in the amount of ER and PR localized. PCNA index in leiomyoma(14.9+/-24.4) was also significantly higher than that found in myometrium(2.1+/-3.3). The index declined throughout the secretory phase. The leiomyoma had increased PCNA index during pregnancy, while the increasing rate in leiomyoma was lower than that of myometrium. The growth potential of leiomyomas is appearently higher than that of myometrium under the high progesterone level. The most of neoplasm with high PCNA index(10 above) contained absolute or relative abundant PR or ER content. Alteration of receptor content may be an important mechanism in steroid dependent growth of leiomyoma and may provide information useful in the clinical management of this neoplastic disorder.
Analysis of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Breast Carcinoma: Comparison of immunocytochemical assay with biochemical dextran-coated charcoal assay.
Ill Hyang Ko, Kyeong Mee Park
Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(3):228-237.
  • 1,543 View
  • 19 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Estrogen receptor(ER) is a soluble form of hormone receptor protein which is located in the nucleus and cytoplasm of a cell is found in 60% of cases of the cells of breast carcinoma. Fifty to sixty percent of ER positive breast carcinoma responds to antihormone therapy wheres the response rate is only 5% in ER negative tumors. Currently, the ER assay has become a standard index in the management and prediction of the prognosis of advanced breast carcinoma. Semiquantitative biochemical assay, dextran-coated charcol(DCC) assay, to measure ER from fresh tissue was first developed by Korenman in 1970 using isotope-labled ertradiol, has been widely utilized. In 1978, Kurzon newly developed immunocytochemical assay(ICA) employing monoclonal antibody against those hormone receptors to detect intracellular localization of ER and progesterone receptor (PR). The results of the assay have been reported by many investigators thereafter. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hormonal receptors with a monoclonal antibody using an immunoperoxidase procedure to detect both estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER-immunocytochemical assay:ER-ICA and PR-immunocytochemical assay:PR-ICA) in 59 cases of paraffin embedded sections from formalin-fixed and routinely processed breast carcinoma tissue. Concomitantly, fine-needle aspiration biopsy cytology of the breast cancer from 29 women were assayed for ER/PR receptors. Results were compared with quantitative biochemical values determined from dextran-coated charcoal(DCC) assay on the fresh tumor tissue obtained subsequently from the surgery. ER-ICA showed positive result in 22 out of 36 DCC-positive cases(sensitivity, 61.1%) and negative in 23 out of 23 DCC-negative cases (specificity, 100.0%). PR-ICA was positive in 33 out of 35 DCC-positive cases(sensitivity, 94.3%) and negative in 16 out of 24 DCC-negative cases(specificity, 66.7%). The value of ER-ICA or PR-ICA positivity were roughly correlated with the concentration of ER/PR receptors analyzed by DCC method. The results of both methods were correlated with the nuclear grade of the tumor(ICA:p=0.002, DCC: p=0.015) but were not correlated with histologic grade(ICA: p=0.323, DCC: p=0.0164). ER-ICA positivity was correlated with lower incidence of axillary node metastasis (p=0.021) but no significant correlation between PR-ICA positivity and node metastasis(p=0.171). Both ER/PR-ICA positivity were not correlated with age(p=0.924) and tumor size(p=0.663). The score of ICA particularly ER was proportional to DCC level(ER: r=0.5, p=0.000, PR: r=0.2, p=0.000). ICA concordance with DCC of ER and PR were 76.3% and 83.1%, respectively. The concordance of PR-ICA and DCC was proportional but was statistically less significant. In aspiration biopsy cytology the concordance of ER/PR-ICA and DCC were 72.4% and 65.5%, respectively. Immunocytochemical staining to identify ER/PR receptors from the tissue of breast carcinoma would be tested as a mean to substitute for the conventional DCC method.
Effects of Progesterone Treatment on the Squamous or Morular Metaplasia Associated with Endometrial Hyperplasia.
Kyu Rae Kim, Hee Jeong Ahn
Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(8):680-686.
  • 3,688 View
  • 68 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
During evaluation of follow-up curettage of endometrial hyperplasia after progesterone treatment, we have noticed that the foci of squamous or morular metaplasia are persistent or even markedly increased after the hyperplastic glands have all disappeared. These observations have led us to study the histological changes of squamous or morular metaplasia in the hyperplastic endometrium after progesterone treatment and to examine the changes of estrogen receptors(ER) and progesterone receptors(PR) to find out, if there is any pathogenetic role of progesterone administration on the squamous or morular metaplasia. Squamous or morular metaplasia was associated in 21 cases (13.5 %) out of 156 endometrial hyperplasia during the study periods and all of them were associated with complex hyperplasia, but not associated with simple hyperplasia. At follow-up curettage after progesterone treatment, squamous metaplasia newly appeared in 3 cases(20 %), markedly increased in 4 cases(26.7%), persisted in 4 cases(26.7%) and decreased in 4 cases(26.7%), even after hyperplastic glands have all disappeared or were markedly decreased. On immunohistochemical staining, metaplastic foci showed ER- and PR- in 13 cases (87 %) in contrast to the surrounding endometrium and the remaining 2 cases showed minimal ER+ and PR+ confined to several nuclei. Intensity or staining pattern of ER and PR in metaplastic foci were not changed with progesterone treatment. In the background endometrium, intensity of glandular ER+ and PR + was higher than that of the stroma at the initial curettage, however, progesterone treatment predominantly down-regulated glandular ER+ more than stromal ER+. Increment or persistence of squamous metaplasia along the progesterone treatment seemingly would implicate hormonal influences as playing a significant role in the formation of squamous or morular metaplasia and the absence of cellular receptors for these hormones in the metaplastic foci may suggest qualitative changes in the receptors.
Meningioma with Multiple Recurrences and Malignant Transformation Differences in expression of MIB1, p53 and progesterone receptor.
Eun Joo Seo, Hi Jeong Kwon
Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(12):1314-1316.
  • 1,378 View
  • 16 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
We describe herein a case of meningioma showing three recurrences and in the end malignant transformation. To compare the differences of MIB1, p53 and progesterone receptor expressions in benign, recurrent and malignant meningiomas of the same patient, we performed immunohistochemical stainings for those markers. MIB1 and p53 reactivities were increased in proportion to histologic aggressiveness. By contrast, the progesterone receptor expression was noted in benign meningioma but not in malignant meningioma.
Immunohistochemical Expression of p53 Protein, Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor in Soft Tissue Leiomyosarcoma and Its Significance.
Byung Heon Kim
Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(11):1015-1024.
  • 1,471 View
  • 10 Download
AbstractAbstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the expressions of the p53 protein, the estrogen receptor (ER) and the progesterone receptor (PR), as well as the relationship between their expressions and clinicopathologic prognostic factors with storage duration of a paraffin block, and correlation between the p53 protein, the ER and the PR expressions in 29 cases of leiomyosarcoma of soft tissue. The expressions of the p53 protein, the ER and the PR were semiquantiatively analyzed in paraffin sections by the immunohistochemical method out of 29 cases the p53 protein, ER and PR were expressed in 9 (31.0%), 2 (6.9%) and 5 (17.2%), respectively. The expression of the p53 protein was not significantly associated with sex, age, anatomic site, tumor size, tumor depth, histological differentiation or mitotic rate (p>0.05), but statistically correlated to storage duration of a paraffin block (p=0.028). There was no significant relationship between the expression of the ER and all the clinocopathological prognostic factors with storage duration of a paraffin block (p>0.05). The expression of the PR was related to the histological differentiation (p=0.02), but not related to other clinicopathological prognostic parameters and storage duration of a paraffin block (p>0.05). The expression of the p53 protein and the PR had a significant relationship (p=0.022), but the expression of the p53 protein and the ER had no significant correlation. In conclusion, these results suggest that the expression of the p53 protein and the PR may play a role in development and growth of soft tissue leiomyosarcoma. Further studies of large numbers are needed to clarify the exact relationship between tumorigenesis and the p53 and the PR expressions in leiomyosarcoma of soft tissue.

J Pathol Transl Med : Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine