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8 "Lymph node metastasis"
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Original Articles
Clinicopathologic characterization of cervical metastasis from an unknown primary tumor: a multicenter study in Korea
Miseon Lee, Uiree Jo, Joon Seon Song, Youn Soo Lee, Chang Gok Woo, Dong-Hoon Kim, Jung Yeon Kim, Sun Och Yoon, Kyung-Ja Cho
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(3):166-177.   Published online May 10, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.04.12
  • 1,340 View
  • 93 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
Research regarding cervical metastasis from an unknown primary tumor (CUP) according to human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status in Korea has been sporadic and small-scale. This study aims to analyze and understand the characteristics of CUP in Korea according to viral and p16 and p53 status through a multicenter study.
Methods
Ninety-five cases of CUP retrieved from six hospitals in Korea between January 2006 and December 2016 were subjected to high-risk HPV detection (DNA in situ hybridization [ISH] or real-time polymerase chain reaction), EBV detection (ISH), and immunohistochemistry for p16 and p53.
Results
CUP was HPV-related in 37 cases (38.9%), EBV-related in five cases (5.3%), and unrelated to HPV or EBV in 46 cases (48.4%). HPV-related CUP cases had the best overall survival (OS) (p = .004). According to the multivariate analysis, virus-unrelated disease (p = .023) and longer smoking duration (p < .005) were prognostic factors for poor OS. Cystic change (p = .016) and basaloid pattern (p < .001) were more frequent in HPV-related cases, and lymphoepithelial lesion was frequent in EBV-related cases (p = .010). There was no significant association between viral status and p53 positivity (p = .341), smoking status (p = .728), or smoking duration (p = .187). Korean data differ from Western data in the absence of an association among HPV, p53 positivity, and smoking history.
Conclusions
Virus-unrelated CUP in Korea had the highest frequency among all CUP cases. HPV-related CUP is similar to HPV-mediated oropharyngeal cancer and EBVrelated CUP is similar to nasopharyngeal cancer in terms of characteristics, respectively.
Correlation between myoferlin expression and lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Ji Min Na, Dong Chul Kim, Dae Hyun Song, Hyo Jung An, Hyun Min Koh, Jeong-Hee Lee, Jong Sil Lee, Jung Wook Yang, Min Hye Kim
J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(4):199-204.   Published online May 11, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.03.19
  • 2,701 View
  • 162 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Myoferlin is a multifunctional protein expressed in various normal and cancer cells, with novel oncogenic roles being newly discovered. Recently, correlations have been found between myoferlin expression and unfavorable prognosis in various carcinomas. This study investigated the prognostic role of myoferlin expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), specifically that associated with nodal metastasis.
Methods
We collected clinicopathological data and PTC tissues from 116 patients who had been admitted to Gyeongsang National University Hospital in 2010. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on surgical specimen-derived tissue microarray blocks. Myoferlin expression was graded, and the relationship between expression level and pathological features of tumors based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system was evaluated.
Results
Of the 116 patient samples, 100 cases exhibited positive myoferlin expression. Higher grade of myoferlin expression was correlated with lower T category group (p = .010). Presence of lymph node metastasis was determined to be significantly correlated with low-grade myoferlin expression (p = .019), with no significant difference between pN1a and pN1b tumors.
Conclusions
Our study revealed an adverse correlation between myoferlin expression and pathological features of PTC, evidence of the potential prognostic role of myoferlin in PTC lymph node metastasis.
Prognostic Role of Metastatic Lymph Node Ratio in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Jung-Soo Pyo, Jin Hee Sohn, Kyungseek Chang
J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(5):331-338.   Published online August 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.08.07
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  • 122 Download
  • 13 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
The aim of this study is to elucidate the clinicopathological significances, including the prognostic role, of metastatic lymph node ratio (mLNR) and tumor deposit diameter in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) through a retrospective review and meta-analysis.
Methods
We categorized the cases into high (≥ 0.44) and low mLNR (< 0.44) and investigated the correlations with clinicopathological parameters in 64 PTCs with neck level VI lymph node (LN) metastasis. In addition, meta-analysis of seven eligible studies was used to investigate the correlation between mLNR and survival.
Results
Among 64 PTCs with neck level VI LN metastasis, high mLNR was found in 34 PTCs (53.1%). High mLNR was significantly correlated with macrometastasis (tumor deposit diameter ≥ 0.2 cm), extracapsular spread, and number of metastatic LNs. Based on linear regression test, mLNR was significantly increased by the largest LN size but not the largest metastatic LN (mLN) size. High mLNR was not correlated with nuclear factor κB or cyclin D1 immunohistochemical expression, Ki-67 labeling index, or other pathological parameters of primary tumor. Based on meta-analysis, high mLNR significantly correlated with worse disease-free survival at the 5-year and 10-year follow-up (hazard ratio [HR], 4.866; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.527 to 6.714 and HR, 5.769; 95% CI, 2.951 to 11.275, respectively).
Conclusions
Our data showed that high mLNR significantly correlated with worse survival, macrometastasis, and extracapsular spread of mLNs. Further cumulative studies for more detailed criteria of mLNR are needed before application in daily practice.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Thyroglobulin expression, Ki-67 index, and lymph node ratio in the prognostic assessment of papillary thyroid cancer
    Helene Lindfors, Marie Karlsen, Ellinor Karlton, Jan Zedenius, Catharina Larsson, Catharina Ihre Lundgren, C. Christofer Juhlin, Ivan Shabo
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Incidental Node Metastasis as an Independent Factor of Worse Disease-Free Survival in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
    Renan Aguera Pinheiro, Ana Kober Leite, Beatriz Godoi Cavalheiro, Evandro Sobroza de Mello, Luiz Paulo Kowalski, Leandro Luongo Matos
    Cancers.2023; 15(3): 943.     CrossRef
  • A High-Quality Nomogram for Predicting Lung Metastasis in Newly Diagnosed Stage IV Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Study
    WenYi Wang, JiaJing Liu, XiaoFan Xu, LiQun Huo, XuLin Wang, Jun Gu
    Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment.2023; 22: 153303382311678.     CrossRef
  • Lymph Node Ratio Predicts Recurrence in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Low Lymph Node Yield
    Il Ku Kang, Joonseon Park, Ja Seong Bae, Jeong Soo Kim, Kwangsoon Kim
    Cancers.2023; 15(11): 2947.     CrossRef
  • Superiority of metastatic lymph node ratio over number of node metastases and TNM/AJCC N classification in predicting cancer‐specific survival in medullary thyroid cancer
    Andreas Machens, Kerstin Lorenz, Frank Weber, Henning Dralle
    Head & Neck.2022; 44(12): 2717.     CrossRef
  • Value of Combining Clinical Factors, Conventional Ultrasound, and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Features in Preoperative Prediction of Central Lymph Node Metastases of Different Sized Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas
    Yanfang Wang, Fang Nie, Guojuan Wang, Ting Liu, Tiantian Dong, Yamin Sun
    Cancer Management and Research.2021; Volume 13: 3403.     CrossRef
  • Atypical Histiocytoid Cells and Multinucleated Giant Cells in Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of the Thyroid Predict Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
    Ji Eun Choi, Ja Seong Bae, Dong-Jun Lim, So Lyung Jung, Chan Kwon Jung
    Cancers.2019; 11(6): 816.     CrossRef
  • Patients Aged ≥55 Years With Stage T1-2N1M1 Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Should Be Downstaged in the Eighth Edition AJCC/TNM Cancer Staging System
    Zeming Liu, Sichao Chen, Yihui Huang, Di Hu, Min Wang, Wei Wei, Chao Zhang, Wen Zeng, Liang Guo
    Frontiers in Oncology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prognostic Implication of Metastatic Lymph Node Ratio in Colorectal Cancers: Comparison Depending on Tumor Location
    Jung-Soo Pyo, Young-Min Shin, Dong-Wook Kang
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2019; 8(11): 1812.     CrossRef
Tumor Sprouting in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Is Correlated with Lymph Node Metastasis and Recurrence
Eunjung Lee, Wonkyung Jung, Jeong-Soo Woo, Jae Bok Lee, Bong Kyung Shin, Han Kyeom Kim, Aeree Kim, Baek-hui Kim
Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(2):117-125.   Published online April 28, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.2.117
  • 9,561 View
  • 62 Download
  • 6 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Identification of poor prognostic factors in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients is important for the patients' care and follow-up. We can sometimes see small tumor clusters without desmoplasia and no evidence of lymphatic emboli around the main tumor mass of PTC. We termed this form of tumor clustering, 'tumor sprouting,' and determined whether these tumors correlate with lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence.

Methods

We analyzed a total of 204 cases of papillary thyroid macrocarcinoma. Number, size and distance from the main tumor of the tumor sprouting were observed and analyzed with clinicopathologic characteristics.

Results

Tumor sprouting was observed in 101 patients. Presence of tumor sprouting was significantly associated with positive resection margin (p=.002), lymphovascular invasion (p=.001), lymph node metastasis (p<.001), and recurrence (p=.004). Univariate analysis of recurrence-free survival revealed that tumor multiplicity (p=.037), positive resection margin (p=.007), lymphovascular invasion (p=.004), lymph node metastasis (p<.001), and tumor sprouting (p=.004) were poor prognostic factors. In multivariate analysis, positive resection margin was an independent poor prognostic factor of recurrence.

Conclusions

In conclusion, tumor sprouting is significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and recurrence. Evaluation of tumor sprouting in PTC patients could be helpful in predicting tumor recurrence or lymph node metastasis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Significance of Lymphovascular Invasion as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Ho-Ryun Won, Bon Seok Koo
    International Journal of Thyroidology.2023; 16(2): 157.     CrossRef
  • Peripheral Versus Intraparenchymal Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Different Morphologies and PD-L1 Expression
    Bozidar Kovacevic, Dragana Vucevic, Snezana Cerovic, Catarina Eloy
    Head and Neck Pathology.2022; 16(1): 200.     CrossRef
  • Lymphovascular invasion and risk of recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinoma
    Katy Wagner, Earl Abraham, Bryan Tran, David Roshan, James Wykes, Peter Campbell, Ardalan Ebrahimi
    ANZ Journal of Surgery.2020; 90(9): 1727.     CrossRef
  • The Predictors of Multicentricity in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
    Mohamed Hegazi, Waleed El Nahas, Mohamed Elmetwally, Amr Hassan, Waleed Gado , Islam Abdou, Ahmed Senbel, Mohamed Samir Abou-Sheishaa
    Journal of Analytical Oncology.2018; 7(4): 65.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic impact of vascular invasion in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Huy Gia Vuong, Tetsuo Kondo, Uyen N P Duong, Thong Quang Pham, Naoki Oishi, Kunio Mochizuki, Tadao Nakazawa, Lewis Hassell, Ryohei Katoh
    European Journal of Endocrinology.2017; 177(2): 207.     CrossRef
  • Detection of Tumor Multifocality Is Important for Prediction of Tumor Recurrence in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: A Retrospective Study and Meta-Analysis
    Jung-Soo Pyo, Jin Hee Sohn, Guhyun Kang
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2016; 50(4): 278.     CrossRef
Case Report
Secretory Carcinoma of the Breast: A case report.
Kyu Rae Kim, Jung Hyun Yang, Yeon Lim Seo, Howe Jung Ree
Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(4):347-350.
  • 1,452 View
  • 14 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
We report a case of secretory carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis in a 21-year old woman. She was aware of a mass in her breast for 10 years and noticed a rapid growth of the preexisting mass during the last years. Histologically, the tumor was composed of micropapillary and microcystic or cribriform glandular structures which contained eosinophilic, mucinous, intraluminal secretions. The center had a dense hyalinized strama with a solid infiltrative growth of tumor cells with intracytoplasmic secretory vacuoles at the periphery. In addition, marked intraductal papillary epithelial proliferations were present at the superficial portions of the tumor near the nipple. Prognostic factors and their relationship to juvenile papillomatosis are discussed with a review of the literature.
Original Articles
Correlation of Tumor Angiogenesis and nm23-H1 Expression with Lymph Node Metastasis in Proper Muscle Gastric Cancer.
Eun Sook Nam, Gu Kang, Hyung Sik Shin, Young Eui Park
Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(5):410-416.
  • 1,533 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
We studied clinicopathologic features of 44 cases of PM (proper muscle) gastric cancer, correlated the lymph node metastasis and found the result of immunohistochemical staining for tumor angiogenesis using antibodies to Factor VIII-related antigen and nm23-H1, known as meatastasis inhibitory substance. The results were as follows: 1) The average age of these 44 cases of PM gastric cancer was 55.1 years old (range 35-81). The ratio of male to female was 2.2 : 1. The tumor was located at the antrum of stomach in 72.7% of the cases. The average size of the tumor was 4.1 cm (range 0.6-9). The gross features were comprised of Borrmann type I (6.8%), II (29.6%), III (56.8%), IV (6.8%), respectively. The microscopic type was a diffuse type in 70.5% and an intestinal type in 29.5%. There were lymph node metastasis in 25 of the 44 cases (56.8%). 2) The microvessel count was higher in the lymph node positive group (average 69.3) than in the lymph node negative group (average 45.6) (P=0.004). There was a higher microvessel density in diffuse type, over 4 cm of tumor size, proximally located tumor, older than 50 years, Borrmann type II and IV, but there was no statistically significant correlation. 3) The more decreased expression of nm23-H1 was found in the lymph node positive group (56.0%) than in the lymph node negative group (31.6%), but showed no statistical significance (P=0.0142). There was no significant correlation between the expression of nm23-H1 and the other clinicopathologic factors. We suggest that the microvessel count of the tumor angiogenesis may be a prognostic factor for predicting lymph node metastasis and also help to determine the therapeutic modalities of PM gastric cancer.
Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1,2,3 and Type IV Collagen in Gastric Adenocarcinoma: Influence on Lymph Node Metastasis and Prognosis.
Eun Sun Jung, Byung Gee Kim, Jo Hyun Park, Sang In Shim
Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(4):251-258.
  • 1,496 View
  • 10 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Matrix metalloproteinases are believed to play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. But little is known about the role of them in the gastric adenocarcinoma. We investigated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2,3 in eighty paraffin blocks of the primary gastric adenocarcinoma tissues with immunohistochemistry and analysed their correlation with lymph node metastasis and survival. MMP-1,2,3 were expressed most intensely in the fibroblasts around the tumor stroma. In our study the increased immunoreactivity of MMP-2 only showed statistically significant correlation with lymph node metastasis (P=0.0517, Odd's ratio=2.274). But MMP-1,2,3 all were correlated with survival. Type IV collagen was observed in the vascular basement membranes and tumor basement membranes and showed statistically significant correlation with lymph node metastasis (P=0.0002, Odd's ratio=0.194) and prognosis (P=0.0001). The immunoreactivity of MMP-2 and type IV collagen was inversely correlated (Kendall's Tau-b correlation = 0.37482, P=0.0001). Our results suggest that in human gastric adenocarcinoma the increased immunoreactivity of MMP-2 and the decreased immunoreactivity of type IV collagen has an important role in lymph node metastasis and prognosis. MMP-1,3 are not correlated with lymph node metastasis but correlated with survival. The mechanism responsible for the production of MMP by the host fibroblasts remains obscure and requires further investigation.
VEGF Expression and Microvessel Density in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas.
Ji Jun Lim, Sam Pyo Hong, Jae Il Lee, Seong Doo Hong, Chang Yun Lim
Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(3):190-198.
  • 1,413 View
  • 11 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Angiogenesis is an essential process in tumor growth and metastasis. VEGF has been considered a leading candidate inducing tumor angiogenesis. VEGF expression was significantly correlated with clinical stage, lymph node matastasis, and prognosis of cancers of various parts of body. However, little has been known about the correlation between VEGF expression and clinicopathologic parameters in oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to correlate VEGF expression with the clinicopathological parameters and microvessel density. Forty six oral squamous cell carcinomas were analyzed using immunohistochemical method with primary antibodies to VEGF and CD31. VEGF expression was detected in 33 (71.7%) of the 46 cases. The microvessel density was significantly correlated with VEGF expression (P=0.002). There was no correlation between microvessel density and tumour size, clinical stage, and lymph node metastasis, respectively. VEGF expression did not correlate with the histological grade of tumour differentiation, tumour size, and clinical stages. The VEGF-positive rate seemed to be higher in patients with cervical lymph nodal metastasis than in those without it, but it was not statistically significant. In conclusion, the overexpression of VEGF in the oral squamous cell carcinoma seemed to be associated with a more aggressive course of the disease. Further study is necessary to define the role of VEGF in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

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