Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Article

Frequency of PIK3CA mutations in different subsites of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in southern Thailand: Arunee Dechaphunkul, Phatcharaporn Thongwatchara, Paramee Thongsuksai, Tanadech Dechaphunkul, Sarayut Lucien Geater; J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(3):126-133. Published online February 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.01.04

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Background
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) mutations have been reported in many cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The frequency of these mutations varies among tumor locations and might be relevant to treatment outcomes among HNSCC. In this study, we examined the frequency of PIK3CA mutations in the different subsites of HNSCC.
Methods
Ninety-six fresh biopsy specimens were investigated for mutations in PIK3CA exons 4, 9, and 20 using allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction. Patient characteristics and survival were analyzed and compared between specimens with or without PIK3CA mutations.
Results
The study included primary tumors originating from the oral cavity (n=63), hypopharynx (n=23), and oropharynx (n=10). We identified mutations in 10.4% of patients (10 of 96 specimens). The overall mutational frequency was 17.4% (4/23) and 9.5% (6/63) in the hypopharynx and oral cavity, respectively. No patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma had mutations. Among the 10 mutant specimens, five were missense mutations (exon 9 [E545K] in two samples and exon 20 [H1047R] in three samples) and five were silent mutations in exon 20 (T1025T). Mutations were not found in exon 4. Among 84 patients with available clinical data, we found no significant differences in clinical characteristics and survival based on the presence or absence of PIK3CA mutations.
Conclusions
The results indicate that PIK3CA mutations are involved in HNSCC carcinogenesis, and the hypopharynx should be considered a primary site of interest for future studies, particularly in Southeast Asian populations.

Citations

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An empirical review on the resistance mechanisms of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and predictive molecular biomarkers in colorectal cancer
Sankha Bhattacharya
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2023; 183: 103916. CrossRef

Case Study

A sinonasal yolk sac tumor in an adult: Jaehoon Shin, Ji Heui Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Kyung-Ja Cho; J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(3):152-156. Published online January 26, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.12.09

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Abstract PDF

Yolk sac tumors (YSTs), which are also called endodermal sinus tumors, are malignant tumors of germ cell origin. These tumors usually occur in the gonads, but 20% of cases have been reported at extragonadal sites. The head and neck is a rarely affected region that accounts for just 1% of all malignant tumors of germ cell origin. In addition, YSTs arise mostly in childhood. We present a rare pathologically pure case of primary adult YST in the sinonasal area. A 45-year-old male patient presented with a rapidly growing mass in the nasal cavity, which caused nasal obstruction and bloody post-nasal drip. The histopathologic features indicated pure YST, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed positive reactivity for Sal-like protein 4 and alpha-fetoprotein. Herein, we discuss the clinical, radiologic, and histologic features of this YST and review other cases of sinonasal YST in adults.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Sinonasal Tumors
Edward C. Kuan, Eric W. Wang, Nithin D. Adappa, Daniel M. Beswick, Nyall R. London, Shirley Y. Su, Marilene B. Wang, Waleed M. Abuzeid, Borislav Alexiev, Jeremiah A. Alt, Paolo Antognoni, Michelle Alonso‐Basanta, Pete S. Batra, Mihir Bhayani, Diana Bell,
International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology.2024; 14(2): 149. CrossRef
Yolk sac tumor of postpubertal-type does not exhibit immunohistochemical loss of SMARCB1/INI1 and SMARCA4/BRG1…but choriocarcinoma?
Costantino Ricci, Francesca Ambrosi, Tania Franceschini, Francesca Giunchi, Eugenia Franchini, Francesco Massari, Veronica Mollica, Federico Mineo Bianchi, Maurizio Colecchia, Andres Martin Acosta, Michelangelo Fiorentino
Pathology - Research and Practice.2023; 241: 154269. CrossRef
Pure yolk sac tumor primarily in the nasal cavity: A case report
Zijun Liu, Baohong Wen, Yan Zhang
Asian Journal of Surgery.2023; 46(10): 4712. CrossRef
A case of Yolk sac tumor arising from paranasal sinus
Kaori Shinomura, Munehito Moriyama, Keigo Fujita, Takashi Hirano, Masashi Suzuki
JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR HEAD AND NECK SURGERY.2023; 33(1): 41. CrossRef
A Novel Successful Case of Nasal and Sinus Yolk Sac Tumor With SMARCB1 (INI-1) Deficiency: A Case Report
Tianyu He, Zhiyu Wang, Hongbo Su, Sihan Li, Zheng He
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Review

Pathologic Review of Cystic and Cavitary Lung Diseases: Na Rae Kim, Joungho Han; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(5):407-414. Published online October 25, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.5.407

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Abstract PDF

Pulmonary cystic and cavitary lesions caused by diverse etiologies are commonly encountered in chest imaging. The terms "cyst" and "cavity" are used to describe air-filled regions in the center of a nodule or consolidation of the lung. To date, only radiologic aspects of these lesions have been addressed. The morphologies of pulmonary cystic and cavitary lesions exhibit a broad spectrum, ranging from benign to malignant pulmonary diseases of acquired or congenital origin, including variable infectious diseases. In this review, we summarized the differential diagnosis of pathological entities to provide pathologists and radiologists with an overview of the diseases most commonly associated with pulmonary cystic and cavitary lesions in adults and children. The results showed slightly different patterns in the distribution of the diseases in the two groups. The most common causes of cavitary lesions include malignancy and infection in adults, and congenital malformation in children. Therefore, identification of pathologic entities correlating with the radiologic findings, clinical course, and location of the lesion is important in the evaluation of cystic and cavitary lung lesions in order to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures or delayed treatment.

Citations

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Chemotherapy-induced cavitating Wilms' tumor pulmonary metastasis: Active disease or scarring? A case report and literature review
Angelo Zarfati, Cristina Martucci, Alessandro Crocoli, Annalisa Serra, Giorgio Persano, Alessandro Inserra
Frontiers in Pediatrics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
High-Resolution Computed Tomography of Cystic Lung Disease
Joanna E. Kusmirek, Cristopher A. Meyer
Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.2022; 43(06): 792. CrossRef
Miliary tuberculosis in a paediatric patient with psoriasis
Jacob Kilgore, Jonathon Pelletier, Bradford Becken, Stephen Kenny, Samrat Das, Lisa Parnell
BMJ Case Reports.2021; 14(3): e237580. CrossRef
Atypical pulmonary metastases in children: the spectrum of radiologic findings
Michal Scolnik, Luda Glozman, Ronen Bar-Yoseph, Michal Gur, Yazeed Toukan, Lea Bentur, Anat Ilivitzki
Pediatric Radiology.2021; 51(10): 1907. CrossRef
Radiographic and CT appearance of cavitary pulmonary lesions in a lamb
J Kan, J Bauquier, D Tyrrell, K O'Byrne, AW Stent, B Brosnan
Australian Veterinary Journal.2021; 99(12): 529. CrossRef
Community-acquired Achromobacter xylosoxidans infection presenting as a cavitary lung disease in an immunocompetent patient
Chan Hee Hwang, Woo Jin Kim, Hye Young Jwa, Sung Heon Song
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2020; 37(1): 54. CrossRef
Clinical Research of Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in Children
Dong Wang, Lei Cui, Zhi-Gang Li, Li Zhang, Hong-Yun Lian, Hong-Hao Ma, Yun-Ze Zhao, Xiao-Xi Zhao, Tian-You Wang, Rui Zhang
Chinese Medical Journal.2018; 131(15): 1793. CrossRef
Benign features of infection‐related tumor‐like lesions of the lung: A retrospective imaging review study
Chun‐Chao Huang, Sho‐Ting Hung, Wei‐Chin Chang, Chin‐Yin Sheu
Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology.2017; 61(4): 481. CrossRef
Cavitary lung disease in renal transplant recipients: A single center experience
Gizem Kumru, Serkan Akturk, Siyar Erdogmus, Aysegul Gursoy Coruh, Acar Tuzuner, Sule Sengul, Kenan Keven
Transplantation Reports.2017; 2(4): 19. CrossRef
Solitary lung cavities: CT findings in malignant and non-malignant disease
C.S. Nin, V.V.S. de Souza, G.R.T. Alves, R.H. do Amaral, K.L. Irion, E. Marchiori, B. Hochhegger
Clinical Radiology.2016; 71(11): 1132. CrossRef
Radial endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath for diagnosis of peripheral cavitary lung lesions: a retrospective study
Manabu Hayama, Norio Okamoto, Hidekazu Suzuki, Motohiro Tamiya, Takayuki Shiroyama, Ayako Tanaka, Takuji Nishida, Takashi Nishihara, Nobuko Uehara, Naoko Morishita, Kunimitsu Kawahara, Tomonori Hirashima
BMC Pulmonary Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
An infant with a hyperlucent chest mass: An unexpected diagnosis
Zarmina Ehsan, Jaimie D. Nathan, Carolyn M. Kercsmar
Pediatric Pulmonology.2015; 50(12): E52. CrossRef
The Pseudocavitation Sign of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Tina D. Tailor, Rodney A. Schmidt, Keith D. Eaton, Douglas E. Wood, Sudhakar N. J. Pipavath
Journal of Thoracic Imaging.2015; 30(5): 308. CrossRef
A Case of Pulmonary Artery Sarcoma Presented as Cavitary Pulmonary Lesions
Daniel Min, Ji-Hyun Lee, Hye-Cheol Jeong, Jung-Hyun Kim, Suk-Pyo Shin, Hong-Min Kim, Kyu Hyun Han, Hye Yun Jeong, Eun-Kyung Kim
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2014; 76(3): 136. CrossRef

Case Report

Glomus Tumor of the Sinonasal Tract: Two Case Reports and a Review of Literature.: Young Wha Koh, Bong Jae Lee, Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(3):326-329.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.3.326

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Abstract PDF

Herein we describe two cases of nasal glomus tumor. Histological findings were typical, save for one which was quite large (3.1 cm in its greatest dimension) with an invasive growth pattern and increased ki-67 labeling index (up to 10%). These features raised a red flag of similarity to a recently described "invasive glomus tumor of nasal cavity", suggesting a more aggressive form of glomus tumor. However, objective criteria for this possibility is lacking at present and more similar case studies are needed to establish a truly aggressive form of glomus tumor.

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Nasal Septum Glomus Tumor: A Rare Cause of Unilateral Nasal Obstruction
Adamantios Kilmpasanis, Zoi Apazidi-Kesoglou, Alexandros Poutoglidis, Sotiria Sotiroudi, Konstantinos Vlachtsis, Nikolaos Tsetsos
Ear, Nose & Throat Journal.2023; 102(6): 402. CrossRef
An Atypical Lesion in the Nasal Cavity: Glomus Tumor
Erbil Arık, Yasemin Gunduz, Gozde Cakirsoy Cakar, Halil Elden
Ear, Nose & Throat Journal.2023; : 014556132311588. CrossRef
A case of malignant glomus tumor (glomangiosarcoma) of the nasal cavity
Omar A Alhroub, Shimaa A Mahameed, Mohammad O Abdelhafez, Asil Alhroub, Hani Hour, Nabil Hasasna, Nazmi Kamal
Journal of Surgical Case Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Ethmoid glomangioma and oncogenic osteomalacia: a case report
Camila R. Muniz, Gabriela A. M. Bezerra, Viviane C. da Silva, Priscilla M. F. Aguiar, Gunter Gerson, Catarina B. D’Alva, André A. A. Nunes
Journal of Medical Case Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Large Glomus Tumor of The Lateral Nasal Wall : A Case Report
Bon Min Koo, Jong In Jeong, Dong Eun Kim
Journal of Clinical Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.2019; 30(2): 243. CrossRef
Characteristics and prognosis of glomangiopericytomas: A systematic review
Eun Su Park, Jiyoung Kim, Sun-Young Jun
Head & Neck.2017; 39(9): 1897. CrossRef
Malignant Glomus Tumour (Glomangiosarcoma) with Additional Neuroendocrine Differentiation in a Horse
M. Peters, J. Grafen, C. Kuhnen, P. Wohlsein
Journal of Comparative Pathology.2016; 154(4): 309. CrossRef
A Case of Glomangioma of the Nasal Septum
Do Hun Kim
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2013; 56(9): 603. CrossRef

Original Article

Metastatic Carcinomas to the Sinonasal Tract.: Eun Ju Kim, Bong Jae Lee, Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(3):302-307.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.3.302

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Metastases to the sinonasal tract are rare but occur for many malignancies. The demographics of sinonasal metastases in Korea aren't well known.
METHODS
Nine cases of metastases to the sinonasal tract identified at Asan Medical Center from January, 1995 to December, 2007 were reviewed.
RESULTS
Metastatic carcinomas accounted for 2.4% of sinonasal malignancies and 4.7% of carcinomas. Six kinds of cancer metastasized to the sinonasal tract. They included hepatocellular carcinomas (nasal cavity and maxillary sinus), colonic adenocarcinomas (sphenoid sinus and maxillary sinus), clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nasal cavity), pulmonary small cell carcinoma (nasal cavity), follicular carcinoma of thyroid (sphenoid sinus), and breast ductal carcinoma (maxillary sinus). Primary sites had been known in 7 cases, but follicular carcinoma and one adenocarcinoma were diagnosed after sinus metastases. Histologically, they had ill-defined borders and involved both mucosae and bones. Microscopic findings were not different from those for the primary tumors.
CONCLUSIONS
The pattern of sinonasal metastases in Korea are different from western data regarding incidence, site, and type, with hepatocellular carcinoma and the nasal cavity being the most common type and site, respectively. Awareness of the possibility of metastases and their pattern is encouraged when examining sinonasal tumors.

Citations

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Metastatic Carcinomas to the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx
Su-Jin Shin, Jong-Lyel Roh, Seung-Ho Choi, Soon Yuhl Nam, Sang Yoon Kim, Sung Bae Kim, Sang-wook Lee, Kyung-Ja Cho
Korean Journal of Pathology.2012; 46(3): 266. CrossRef

Review

The Cytopathology of Body Cavity Fluid.: Eun Kyung Hong; Korean J Cytopathol. 2008;19(2):72-85.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3338/kjc.2008.19.2.72

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Abstract PDF

Cytologic examination of the body cavity fluid is very important because the specimens represent a significant percentage of nongynecologic samples and this cytologic examination may be the first, best or only chance for making the diagnosis of an underlying malignancy. The purposes of body cavity fluid examination are to correctly identify cancer cells and if possible, to identify the tumor types and primary sites when presented with unknown primary tumor sites. The most important basic differential diagnosis is that of benign and reactive disease vs malignant disease. Reactive mesothelial cells are a consistent population in body cavity fluid, and these are the most versatile cells in the body. Due to the specific environment of the body cavity, the exfoliated reactive mesothelial cells may show significant morphologic overlap with the morphology of cancer cells. With a focus on the differential points between reactive mesothelial cells and metastatic adenocarcinoma cells, the practical diagnostic approaches, the diagnostic clues and the pitfalls to achieve a correct diagnosis are presented in this review.

Citations

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A cytological observation of the fluid in the primo-nodes and vessels on the surfaces of mammalian internal organs
Baeckkyoung Sung, Min Su Kim, Byung-Cheon Lee, Seong-Hun Ahn, Sung-Yeoun Hwang, Kwang-Sup Soh
Biologia.2010; 65(5): 914. CrossRef

Case Reports

Nasal Cerebral Heterotopia-so called Nasal Glioma: A case report.: Tae Sook Kim, Je G Chi; Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(4):517-520.

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Abstract PDF: Encephalocele and nasal glioma are rare, benign congenital neuroectodennal tumors which result from a failure of embryologic sepearation of neuroectodermal and ectodemlal tissues. Nasal glioma should be differentiated from a true glioma, and from a primary encephalocele, which is a herniation of the cranial contents through a bony defect in the skull. For this reason, nasal cerebral heterotopia is a preferred term. We report an unusual case of a nasal mass that was histologically indistinguishable from nasal cerebral heterotopia but proved to be connected to the skull base by fibrotic cord. The patient was a 2 year old girl who had had a slow growing palpable mass in the left epicanthal area for three months.

Nasal Chondromesenchymal Hamartoma: A case report.: Hyo Jeong Chae, Ji Hye Suk, Sun Kyung Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(3):225-227.

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Abstract PDF: Nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma is a distinctive mixed mesenchymal lesion of sinonasal region with a complex histologic appearance and benign clinical course and clinicopathologically similar to those of the mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall of infancy. We report a case of nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma occurred in the right nasal cavity in a 3-month-old female. She was admitted with a history of profuse nasal bleeding and obstruction. CT revealed complex solid and cystic mass, measuring 3.5x2.5x2.5 cm in dimensions which filled the right nasal cavity and extended into ethmoid sinus and cribriform plate. The received piecemeal fragments of tissue were brown tan-colored firm semitranslucent tissue with a cartilaginous appearance. Microscopically, the basic morphologic elements were irregular islands of hyaline cartilage and myxoid to spindle cell stroma with various cellularity.

Mesothelial/Monocytic Incidental Cardiac Excrescences, So-called "Cardiac MICE": A case report .: Nahye Myong, Min Chul Lee, Myung Yong Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(12):1199-1202.

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Abstract PDF: A rare case of mesothelial/monocytic incidental cardiac excrescences (cardiac MICE) is described in the aspect of pathological interest. This cardiac lesion is pathologically characterized by exuberant proliferation of mixed mesothelia and monocytes and might be misdiagnosed as metastatic carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and histiocytoid hemangioma, if the disease is not in the minds of pathologists. The reactive nodular hyperplasia due to irritation to mesothelia by various causes is a most prevailing pathogenetic mechanism. About 20 cases have been reported in the worldwide literature. A 67-year-old female patient presented with cough and dyspnea for 2 months, without any history of previous cardiac operation. 2D echocardiography of the heart revealed moderate amount of pericardial effusion with posterior wall thickening. Under the impression of metastatic malignancy, pericardiostomy was performed. Grossly, the tissue was dark hemorrhagic and friable and the histologic sections revealed the solid tumor-like proliferation of round to polygonal histiocytic cells admixed with small cuboidal mesothelial cells which formed strips and tubular arrays. They were found within the fibrinous network and there were scattered empty vacuolar spaces. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed their biphasic nature with the CD68 positivity of the histiocytes and the cytokeratin positivity of the cuboidal cells. Factor VIII positivity was not detected in any cell components. The lesion was considered the monocytic and mesothelial proliferation of reactive nature, so-called cardiac MICE in the pericardial cavity. We report a typical case of so-called MICE first in the Korean literature.

Acinic Cell Carcinoma in the Nasal Cavity: A case report.: Hyun Jin Son, Myoung Ja Chung, Myoung Jae Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(1):88-92.

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Abstract PDF: The acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is very rare in the nasal cavity. A 57-year-old woman suffered from nasal obstruction, postnasal dripping, and hyposmia for 2 months. Rhinoscopic examination revealed a huge polypoid mass in the right inferior and anterior nasal fossa of the nasal cavity and the mass was resected. The tumor showed the classic acinar and trabecular features of ACC on light microscopic examination. The finely granular cytoplasmic granules stained with periodic acid-schiff (PAS) and diastase digested-PAS, but not with alcian blue at pH 2.5 and mucicarmine. On ultrastructural examination, tumor cells contained numerous secretory granules diagnostic of ACC.

Juvenile Xanthogranuloma of the Nasal Cavity: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.: Jung Suk An, Sun Hee Han, Ju Han Lee, Eung Seok Lee, Heum Rye Park, Young Sik Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(3):241-244.

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Abstract PDF: Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a benign and self-limiting non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis that generally occurs during infancy and childhood. It develops frequently in the head and neck but is very rare in the nasal cavity. To date, only five cases of JXG in the nasal cavity have been reported. Here, we report the second case of JXG in the nasal cavity in Korea. A 19-year-old male patient presented with a protruding 1.1 cm mass in the left nasal vestibule. Histologically, a dense dermal infiltrate of histiocytes with Touton giant cells was observed. Immunohistochemically, the histiocytes tested positive for CD68 and the S-100 protein but negative for CD1a. This shows that a S-100-positive histiocytic lesion dose not exclude a diagnosis of JXG.

Angiomyolipoma of the Nasal Cavity.: Jai Hyang Go; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(4):284-286.

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Abstract PDF: Nasal angiomyolipomas are exceedingly rare and usually present as small tumors in middle-aged or old men. Their histology is similar to that of the renal counterpart, but they differ in the absence of epithelioid cells, the lack of HMB-45 immunoexpression and no association with tuberous sclerosis. A case of angiomyolipoma occurring in the right nasal cavity was presented in a 44-year-old male patient. The mass was removed by an endoscopic approach. A well-circumscribed, 1.3 cm-sized, ovoid mass was composed of yellowish gray, solid, soft tissue. Histologically, it consisted of bundles of smooth muscles, mature fat cells and thick-walled blood vessels. Nests of seromucous glands were admixed within the mass. Neither epithelioid nor pleomorphic cells were found, and HMB-45-positive cells were not detected. No recurrence has been detected for 2 months after the operation.

Angioleiomyoma of the Nasal Cavity: A Case Report.: Su Jin Kim, Sook Hee Hong, Mee Sook Roh; Korean J Pathol. 2004;38(3):181-183.

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Abstract PDF: Angioleiomyoma of the sinonasal area is an extremely rare benign neoplasm. To the best of our knowledge, only 26 cases have been described. Here, we report a case of angioleiomyoma arising in the nasal cavity of a 60-year-old woman. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of proliferating smooth muscle cells punctuated with thick-walled vessels with slit-like lumina. The tumor was negative for estrogen and progesterone receptor by immunohistochemical study. Further studies are needed to clarify whether the growth of this tumor is sex steroid-dependent.

Ependymoma in Pelvic Cavity : A case report.: Joon Hyuk Choi, Hae Joo Nam, Dong Suk Kim, Won Hee Choi, Tae Sook Lee, Hong Jin Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1991;25(5):481-487.

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Abstract: A case of ependymoma originated in pelvic cavity is reported. Metastasis to regional lymph nodes and abdominal cavity developed. This tumor is thought to arise from heterotopic ependymal rests. The patient was 32 year old woman. A 10.0x7.0x7.0 cm sized mass was located between the uterus and rectum, which was attached to the rectal wall. It was a well circumscribed tumor with massive hemorrhage and necrosis. Histologically, tumor showed variegated appearance. Plump oval or round cells were arranged oval of elongated cells with fibrillary cytoplasmic process. Occasionally perivascular pseudorosette and ependymal rosette were seen. Immunohistochemical staining for GFAP showed intense positivity. Ultrastructural examination showed intracytoplasmic microfilaments, cilia, microvilli, and blepharoplasts.

Primary Meningioma of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses: A report of a case.: Chang Ok Kim, Mi Kyung Jee, Ki Hwa Yang, Chang Suck Kang, Seok Jin Gang, Byoung Kee Kim, Sun Moo Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1989;23(4):461-464.

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Abstract PDF: Primary extracranial and extraspinal meningiomas are rare.
Case
s involving the orbit, skin, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity and parotid gland have been reported. The histogenesis of primary extracranial meningioma is still nucertain, but it has been thought that this tumor originates from arachnoid cell rests in displaced during embryonal development. The authors observed a case of primary meningioma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses occurring in a thirty-eight year old male patient in Feb. 1989. He suffered from bulging in the medio-superior portion of left orbit for 15 years, and left nasal obstruction and headache for 5 years, A head CT scan revealed numberous polypoid masses filling the left frontal sinus left ethmoidal sinus, left maxillary sinus and left nasal cavity. During the operation, a connection to the dura was not found. Microscopically, there were discrete lobules or netst of meningothelial cells, beneath the nasal mucosa. They showed an occasional whorling pattern and psammoma bodies. Therefore, this case was diagnosed as primary meningioma, meningotheliomatous type involving the left nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

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