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Brief Case Reports

Mucosal Schwann Cell Hamartoma in Colorectal Mucosa: A Rare Benign Lesion That Resembles Gastrointestinal Neuroma: Jiheun Han, Yosep Chong, Tae-Jung Kim, Eun Jung Lee, Chang Suk Kang; J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(2):187-189. Published online August 25, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.07.02

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Schwann Cell Hamartoma Presenting as a Colonic Polyp: A Rare Case Report With a Literature Review
Faryal Altaf, Nismat Javed, Haider Ghazanfar, Anil Dev
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Mucosal Schwann Cell Hamartoma Mimicking a Colon Polyp: Pathologic Insights
Marissa Krizelda Santos, Kathleen Adryon Tan
PJP.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Multiple non-polypoid mucosal Schwann cell hamartomas presenting as edematous and submucosal tumor-like lesions: a case report
Takeshi Okamoto, Takaaki Yoshimoto, Katsuyuki Fukuda
BMC Gastroenterology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Mucosal Schwann Cell Hamartoma of the Gall Bladder
Kanika Sharma, Anjan Kumar Dhua, Prabudh Goel, Vishesh Jain, Devendra Kumar Yadav, Prashant Ramteke
Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons.2021; 26(3): 182. CrossRef
Mucosal Schwann Cell Hamartoma in sigmoid colon – A rare case report and review of literature
Xiuyan Feng, Hongzhi Xu, Nestor Dela Cruz
Human Pathology: Case Reports.2020; 19: 200337. CrossRef
Spindle cell proliferations of the sigmoid colon, rectum and anus: a review with emphasis on perineurioma
Patrice Grech, John B Schofield
Histopathology.2020; 76(3): 342. CrossRef
Mucosal Schwann cell hamartoma of the gastroesophageal junction: A series of 6 cases and comparison with colorectal counterpart
Yuan Li, Pouneh Beizai, John W. Russell, Lindsey Westbrook, Arash Nowain, Hanlin L. Wang
Annals of Diagnostic Pathology.2020; 47: 151531. CrossRef
Mucosal Schwann Cell Hamartoma Presenting as Diffuse Fine Nodularities
Han Beol Jang, Jong Ok Kim, Sang-Bum Kang
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2020; 76(3): 171. CrossRef
A case of Schwann cell hamartoma of the tongue
Saya TAKIKAWA, Shigeo TANAKA, Masamichi KOMIYA, Masaaki SUEMITSU, Tadahiko UTSUNOMIYA, Kayo KUYAMA
Japanese Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.2020; 66(12): 601. CrossRef
Hamartoma de células de Schwann mucoso: revisión de una entidad descrita recientemente
Francisco García-Molina, José Antonio Ruíz-Macia, Joaquin Sola
Revista Española de Patología.2018; 51(1): 49. CrossRef
Neural and neurogenic tumours of the gastroenteropancreaticobiliary tract
Aoife J McCarthy, Dipti M Karamchandani, Runjan Chetty
Journal of Clinical Pathology.2018; 71(7): 565. CrossRef
Case of colonic mucosal Schwann cell hamartoma and review of literature on unusual colonic polyps
JayaKrishna Chintanaboina, Kofi Clarke
BMJ Case Reports.2018; : bcr-2018-224931. CrossRef

Necrotizing Sarcoid Granulomatosis: Possibly Veiled Disease in Endemic Area of Mycobacterial Infection: Yosep Chong, Eun Jung Lee, Chang Suk Kang, Tae-Jung Kim, Jung Sup Song, Hyosup Shim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(4):346-350. Published online June 1, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.04.17

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Necrotizing Sarcoid Granulomatosis: A Difficult Diagnosis
Carolina Da Silva Alves, Catarina La Cueva Couto, Mariana Silva, Catarina Paulo, Luís Carreto
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Three-year delay in diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis due to presence of necrotizing granulomas: a cautionary case report
Yubing Yue, Rao Du, Ding Han, Tianxia Zhao, Chunfang Zeng, Yinhe Feng
Frontiers in Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Sarcoidosis With Skeletal Involvement Masquerading as Metastatic Malignancy
Arthur M Samia, Stephanie Fabara Pino, Liang Sun
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Necrotic sarcoid granulomatosis – a late stage of nodular sarcoidosis or an independent disease? Analysis of a clinical case
E. A. Galushko, E. V. Pozhidaev, S. G. Radenska-Lopovok, A. V. Gordeev, M. V. Shaligina, A. V. Alekseeva, M. A. Sedelnikova
Rheumatology Science and Practice.2023; 61(5): 624. CrossRef
Incidental Lung Cavity in the Heartland
Biplab K. Saha, Om Dawani, Woon H Chong, Alyssa Bonnier
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences.2022; 363(2): 191. CrossRef
A rare presentation of necrotizing sarcoidosis
Nirali Sheth, Umaima Dhamrah, Branden Ireifej, David Song, Penpa Bhuti, Jagbir Singh, Henry Fan, Sibghatallah Ummar, Vikash Jaiswal, Nishan Babu Pokhrel
Respirology Case Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Necrotizing Granulomatous Dacryoadenitis With Non-Necrotizing Granulomatous Scar Hypertrophy: Two Histological Variants of Sarcoidosis in the Same Patient
Erin E. Godbout, M. Kristina Subik, Tal J. Rubinstein
Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery.2021; 37(1): e30. CrossRef
Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis simulating pulmonary malignancy
Jun Hyeok Kim, Bo Da Nam, Jung Hwa Hwang, Dong Won Kim, Ki-Up Kim, Young Woo Park
Medicine.2021; 100(49): e28208. CrossRef
Necrotizing Sarcoid Granulomatosis: A Disease Not to be Forgotten
A. I. Parejo-Morón, M. L. Tornero-Divieso, M. R. Férnandez-Díaz, L. Muñoz-Medina, O. Preda, N. Ortego-Centeno
Case Reports in Medicine.2020; 2020: 1. CrossRef
Clinical Reasoning: A woman with monocular vision loss
Husain Danish, Tatiana Bakaeva, Isaac Solomon, Sashank Prasad
Neurology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Cavity forms of thoracic sarcoidosis (literature review, clinical and radiological observations)
A. V. Lenshin, A. V. Il'in, Yu. M. Perelman
PULMONOLOGIYA.2020; 30(6): 831. CrossRef
Thoracic sarcoidosis versus tuberculosis: Need for a multi-disciplinary approach
Agrima Mian, Animesh Ray
Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging.2018; 28(02): 267. CrossRef
Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis with clinical presentations of recurrent acute abdomen. Case report and literature review
V. I. Vasilyev, S. G. Palshina, B. D. Chaltsev, S. G. Radenska-Lopovok, T. N. Safonova
Terapevticheskii arkhiv.2017; 89(11): 60. CrossRef

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Warthin-like Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Brief Case Report: Yosep Chong, Sungwook Suh, Tae-Jung Kim, Eun Jung Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(2):170-173. Published online April 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.2.170

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Cytological Characteristics of Warthin‐Like Papillary Carcinoma: A Report of Four Cases and Literature Review
Cao Ma, Xiaoying Wei, Zhe Chen, Lihua Zhang
Cytopathology.2025; 36(3): 273. CrossRef
Warthin-like variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymph node metastases: a case report and review of the literature
Andrii Hryshchyshyn, Andrii Bahrii, Pavlina Botsun, Volodymyr Chuba
Journal of Medical Case Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Warthin-like Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
J. N. Aparnna, Pavithra Ayyanar, Mukund N. Sable, Dillip Kumar Samal, Amit Kumar Adhya, Pritinanda Mishra
International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Cytologic hallmarks and differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma subtypes
Agnes Stephanie Harahap, Chan Kwon Jung
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2024; 58(6): 265. CrossRef
The Warthin-like variant of papillary thyroid carcinomas: a clinicopathologic analysis report of two cases
Xing Zhao, Yijia Zhang, Pengyu Hao, Mingzhen Zhao, Xingbin Shen
Oncologie.2023; 25(5): 581. CrossRef
Solid papillary thyroid carcinoma with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: description of a further case with challenging cytological features
Franco Fulciniti, Jessica Barizzi, Pierpaolo Trimboli, Luca Giovanella
BMJ Case Reports.2019; 12(1): e226153. CrossRef
Preoperative Cytologic Diagnosis of Warthin-like Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Jisup Kim, Beom Jin Lim, Soon Won Hong, Ju Yeon Pyo
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2018; 52(2): 105. CrossRef
Warthin like papillary carcinoma - A rare variant of papillary carcinoma thyroid
Mir Wajahat, Tazeen Jeelani, Kanika Gupta, Nusrat Bashir
Human Pathology: Case Reports.2018; 13: 21. CrossRef
Cytological features of warthin‐like papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report with review of previous cytology cases
Archana George Vallonthaiel, Shipra Agarwal, Deepali Jain, Rajni Yadav, Nishikant A. Damle
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2017; 45(9): 837. CrossRef
Comparison of EASYPREP® and SurePath® in thyroid fine‐needle aspiration
Yosep Chong, Ki Hyun Baek, Jee Young Kim, Tae‐Jung Kim, Eun Jung Lee, Chang Suk Kang
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2016; 44(4): 283. CrossRef
Ultrasonographic features and clinical characteristics of Warthin-like variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Ga Ram Kim, Jung Hee Shin, Soo Yeon Hahn, Eun Young Ko, Young Lyun Oh
Endocrine Journal.2016; 63(4): 329. CrossRef
Warthin-Like Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Associated with Lymphadenopathy and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Karla Judith González-Colunga, Abelardo Loya-Solis, Luis Ángel Ceceñas-Falcón, Oralia Barboza-Quintana, René Rodríguez-Gutiérrez
Case Reports in Endocrinology.2015; 2015: 1. CrossRef
Tumeur Warthin-like de la thyroïde : à propos d’un cas
W. Rekik, A. Khadhar, A. Zehani, H. Azouz, I. Chelly, T. Ben Ghachem, A. Sellem, M. Tounsi, H. Ben Mahjouba, S. Haouet, N. Kchir
Journal Africain du Cancer / African Journal of Cancer.2015; 7(4): 247. CrossRef

Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ Overlying Leiomyoma Mimicking Invasive Cancer: A Brief Case Report: Woo Jin Oh, Eun Jung Lee, Youn Soo Lee, Tae-Jung Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(2):162-163. Published online April 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.2.162

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Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma or high-grade dysplasia overlying leiomyoma, rare but not to be neglected
Changyuan Guo, Dan Liu, Yong Liu, Lei Guo, Lulu Rong, Guiqi Wang, Ning Lu, Liyan Xue
Esophagus.2021; 18(1): 125. CrossRef
Esophageal leiomyoma and simultaneous overlying squamous cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature
Saadat Mehrabi, Mohammad Javad Yavari Barhaghtalab, Safoora Hejazinia, Hossein Saedi
BMC Surgery.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Case Report

Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Case Report.: Sung Hak Lee, Eun Deok Chang, Eun Jung Lee, Chang Suk Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(2):216-219.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.2.216

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Abstract PDF: Primary malignant melanoma in the bladder is very rare, with only 18 cases having been currently reported. A 65-year-old male patient presented with a 5-month history of gross hematuria. On ultrasonography, an 8.1 x 6.1 cm mass was revealed on the bladder wall. A partial cystectomy was performed. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of atypical, pigmented melanocytes that were positive for S-100 protein and they were negative for human melanoma black-45. Although he underwent supportive therapy, an 8.7 x 5.9 cm mass occupying the prevesical space was noted on a follow-up computed tomography scan 4 months later. Two nodules of the left lower lung and multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the left external iliac chain were also revealed. The patient declined any further treatment. The histogenesis of primary bladder melanoma is uncertain, but an origin from neural crest cells has been proposed. The prognosis for patients with this tumor is still poor despite the availability of several therapeutic options.

Short Case Report

Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Accompanied with Fat Embolism: A Case Report.: Sung Hak Lee, Ok Ran Shin, Eun Jung Lee, Kyo Young Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(4):355-357.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.4.355

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Abstract PDF: Pneumocystis jirovecii is an atypical fungus that causes severe pneumonia in immune compromised patients. While Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is more commonly diagnosed in individuals who have HIV infection, it can occur in individuals with other forms of immunosuppression. Fat embolism most commonly develops after orthopedic injuries, but it has also been reported after other forms of trauma such as severe burns, closed-chest cardiac massage, and liposuction. Overlap in the clinical presentation of these diseases has not yet been reported. We report here on a case of PCP with fat embolism in 52-year-old female patient who had no obvious risk factors for HIV infection. Even if risk factors for HIV or other forms of immunosuppression are not present, PCP can also be seen in patients who present with fat embolism, and the clinical presentation of both conditions can overlap.

Case Reports

Primary Teratocarcinoma of the Pineal Gland: A case report.: Kyoung Mee Kim, Eun Jung Lee, Ki Wha Yang, Anhi Lee, Sang In Shim, Sun Moo Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(4):527-529.

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Abstract PDF: Teratocarcinoma is a form of mixed germ cell tumor composed of a mixture of teratoma and embryonal carcinoma. It is rarely found in the brain, but when present it is most commonly found in the pineal region. We investigated a case of primary teratocarcinoma in the pineal region. The patient was a 10 year old boy who had suffered from a bitemporal headache for one month. Brain CT and MRI revealed a rather well defined ovoid heterogenous mass in the pineal gland region, measuring 4.3 x 3.8 x 3.0 cm in size. Microscopically the tumor contained areas of immature teratoma and embryonal carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining revealed positive reactions for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, and alpha-fetoprotein in the embryonal carcinoma component.

Normoblasts and Lymphocytes Carry the Fused Bcr-Abl Gene in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: Two Color Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization(FISH) Analysis on the Blood Smears.: Chang Suk Kang, Eun Jung Lee, Won bae Lee, Yong goo Kim, Kyung Ja Han, Kyung Soo Lee, Sang In Shim; Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(1):58-62.

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Abstract PDF: We performed dual color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the bcr/abl fusion in CML using the peripheral blood smears without destruction of cell morphology to determine the bcr/abl fusion. Two patients of CML, one patient in accelerated phase and one patient in chronic phase, were selected. The blood smears were fixed in absolute methanol. FISH was performed with the Mbcr/abl translocation DNA probe mixture and the slides were stained with Wright's stain after FISH. The blood smears of both cases revealed distinct signals without destruction of cellular morphology. The normoblasts and lymphocytes revealed beautiful fused bcr/abl signals as well as granulocytes in both cases. The results provide a novel finding that the normoblasts and lymphocytes in CML are also neoplastic clonal cells which has not been demonstrated with a single-cell approach before.

Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Esophagus: A case report.: Lee So Maeng, Kyoung Mee Kim, Eun Jung Lee, Anhi Lee, Sang In Shim; Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(9):694-696.

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Abstract: This report presents an unusual case of primary malignant melanoma in the midesophagus. The patient was a 36-year-old woman presenting with dysphagia and odynophagia. The resected esophagus and proximal stomach showed a dark purple large polypoid mass, measuring 6.0 3.3 2.0 cm, with a diffuse tan pigmentation of surrounding mucosa in the mid-esophagus and two small daughter nodules, up to 1.2 0.3 cm, in the lower esophagus near the gastro-esophageal junction. A microscopic examination revealed a malignant melanoma of epithelioid cell type confined to mucosa and submucosa with a diffuse melanosis. Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for HMB 45 and S-100 protein were noted. An electron microscopic examination revealed large, loosely cohesive variable shaped cells with a few cytoplasmic premelanosomes.

Papillary Adenocarcinoma of Nonpigmented Ciliary Epithelium of the Eye.: Hyun Joo Choi, Yeong Jin Choi, Youn Soo Lee, Eun Jung Lee, Seok Jin Kang, Byung Kee Kim, Sang In Shim; Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(12):1104-1107.

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Abstract: Adenocarcinoma of the ciliary epithelium is a rare tumor, usually occuring in elderly patients who have a history of severe ocular trauma or chronic inflammation. We report an adenocarcinoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium found within the phthisical globe of a 36-year-old female whose eye had been loss of vision since infancy. The mass, measured 4.0 x 4.0 cm, was relatively limited by sclera but had invasion to posterior portion. Histologically, the tumor was a compact mass which consisted of tubular and papillary structures with foci of the pleomorphic area. Strands of cells and individual cells were invested with thick basement membrane that have positivity for periodic acid-Schiff stain. Immunohistochemical staining showed strong reactivity for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen, and focal for neuron-specific enolase and S-100 protein.

Original Article

AgNOR Counts in S-phase Human Cells.: Seung Il Kim, Eun Jung Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(2):103-107.

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Abstract: The nucleolus of human cell is a morphologically well recognizable nuclear organelle and the argyrophilic NORs (AgNORs) are nucleic acid-argyrophilic nonhistone protein complex in the nucleoli and the silver staining allows their identification and enumeration at the light microscopic level. The AgNOR counts are in parallel with mitotic activity and vary in different phase of cell cycle. It has been reported that human cells have one AgNOR during interphase and S-phase. However, the correlation between the number of AgNORs and S-phase markers is still controversial and they have never been studied simultaneously. In this study, AgNOR and PCNA were stained simultaneously to find out the relationship of AgNOR counts with cell cycle (S-phase) in human palatine tonsil, gastric carcinoma, liver and brain tissues. S-phase cells (PCNA-positive) were found predominantly in lymphoid follicles in palatine tonsil but gastric carcinoma showed diffuse immunoreactivity for PCNA. The AgNOR counts varied according to the type and locus of tissue. More than one AgNOR were identified in S-phase cells and some of hepatocytes and neurons in the brain which were not in S-phase contained two or more AgNORs. The above results suggest that the number of AgNOR is a characteristic feature of each type of cells and can be more than one even in S-phase.

Case Report

Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma.: Yeong Jin Choi, Tae Kon Hwang, Youn Soo Lee, Eun Jung Lee, Seok Jin Kang, Byung Kee Kim, Sang In Shim; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(4):259-266.

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Abstract PDF: We report 13 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (10.8%) observed among 120 renal cell carcinomas in adults. The average age was 53 (range: 34-72) years old, and 6 were males and 7 females. The mean tumor size was 10 (range: 5-17) cm, mean nuclear grade 2.4, and mean Robson's stage was 1.9. There were two distinct histologic variants; typical variant (n=9) and eosinophilic variant (n=4). Both of them showed typical light microscopic features and positive reaction with Hale's colloidal iron and carbonic anhydrase II, a marker protein of intercalated cells of renal collecting ducts. A strong positive immunoreactivity for epithelial membrane antigen was noted in the cytoplasm in 12 of 13 tumors. Numerous microvesicles, 180~440 nm in diameter, were identified ultrastructurally. DNA aneuploidy was found in 3 out of 10 cases. Neither local recurrence nor metastasis have been identified during the following period of 4~144 (mean 48) months.

Original Articles

Expression of CD44 Splicing Variants v4/5 and v6 in Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Its Relationship with Prognostic Factors.: Lee So Maeng, Hae Kyung Lee, Byung Kee Kim, Eun Jung Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(2):119-124.

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Abstract PDF: CD44, an integral membrane glycoprotein expressed by many cell types, serves as the principal transmembrane hyaluronate receptor and may be a determinant of metastatic and invasive behavior in carcinomas. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between CD44 splicing variants v4/5 and v6 expression and histopathologic prognostic factors (depth of tumor invasion, histologic classification, vascular and lymphatic invasion, and lymph node metastasis) in 107 gastric adenocarcinomas. In 107 cases of gastric carcinoma, the immunohistochemical stainining for CD44 v4/5 and CD44 v6 gave the following results. CD44 v4/5 was expressed in 40.2% and CD44 v6 in 67.3% of gastric carcinomas. The expression of CD44 v4/5 was correlated with histologic classification by Lauren (p<0.05), lymphatic invasion (p<0.05), and lymph node metastasis (p<0.004). In contrast, expression of CD44 v6 had no impact on prognostic markers. This study suggests the role of CD44 v4/5 in invasion, metastasis, and its prognostic significance in gastric adenocarcinoma.

E-cadherin Expression in Distinguishing Ductal and Lobular Carcinomas of the Breast.: Eun Deok Chang, An Hi Lee, Eun Jung Lee, Seok Jin Kang, Chang Suk Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2002;36(5):323-327.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Most breast carcinomas are easily categorized as ductal or lobular. However, in some cases the distinction can be difficult since some tumors may have intermediate features of these two. Prior studies suggest that E-cadherin is useful to classify tumors as ductal or lobular, as it is lost in lobular but not in ductal carcinomas.
METHODS
We studied the histologic features and E-cadherin expression by immunohistochemistry in 57 cases of breast carcinomas, which were divided into three groups based on histology. Group 1 included 4 cases of infiltrating lobular carcinoma (IFL) and 1 case of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) (n=5). Group 2 included infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IFD) with some features of IFL (n=48). Group 3 included a solid type of intraductal carcinoma (DCIS) (n=4). E-cadherin staining was scored as negative or positive.
RESULTS
All 5 cases from group 1 were E-cadherin negative, and all 4 DCIS cases were positive. Only 2 (0.04%) of the 48 cases from group 2 were E-cadherin negative.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that the majority of cases with morphologically IFD with some IFL features are ductal. E-cadherin immunostaining is of value in helping to characterize breast carcinomas with indeterminate morphologic features.

Expression of Survivin According to Malignant Progression of Breast Lesions.: Hyun Joo Choi, Ji Han Jung, Chan Kwon Jung, Jinyoung Yoo, Eun Jung Lee, Chang Suk Kang, Seok Jin Kang, Kyo Young Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(4):238-243.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to examine the survivin expression pattern in benign lesions, atypical ductal hyperplasias (ADH), ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) and in invasive carcinomas of the breast and to evaluate the effect of expression of this marker on the malignant progression of breast cancers. In addition, the relationship between the expression of the marker and the clinicopathological characteristics for invasive carcinomas were investigated.
METHODS
Immunohistochemical staining using a tissue microarray method for survivin was performed for 103 benign lesions, 30 ADHs, 26 DCISs and 116 invasive carcinomas.
RESULTS
The expression of cytoplasmic survivin was higher for invasive carcinomas than for ADHs and DCISs (p<0.05). For breast invasive carcinomas, expression of cytoplasmic survivin significantly correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and stage (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that overexpression of cytoplasmic survivin may be involved in the development of the late stage of breast malignancy, especially invasiveness. In breast invasive carcinomas, expression of survivin may be a useful indicator for the evaluation of patient prognosis.

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