Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Volume 54(4); July 2020

Reviews

Clinicopathological characteristics of BRCA-associated breast cancer in Asian patients: Eun-Kyu Kim, So Yeon Park, Sung-Won Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(4):265-275. Published online May 14, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.04.07

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BRCA1/2 germline mutations account for the majority of hereditary breast cancers. Since the identification of the BRCA genes, several attempts have been made to define the clinicopathological characteristics of BRCA-associated breast cancer in comparison with sporadic breast cancer. Asians constitute 60% of the world population, and although the incidence of breast cancer in Asia remains low compared to the West, breast cancer is the most prevalent female cancer in the region. The epidemiological aspects of breast cancer are different between Asians and Caucasians. Asian patients present with breast cancer at a younger age than Western patients. The contributions of BRCA1/2 mutations to breast cancer incidence are expected to differ between Asians and Caucasians, and the different genetic backgrounds among races are likely to influence the breast cancer phenotypes. However, most large-scale studies on the clinicopathological characteristics of BRCA-associated breast cancer have been on Western patients, while studies on Asian populations were small and sporadic. In this review, we provide an overview of the clinical and pathological characteristics of BRCA-associated breast cancer, incorporating findings on Asian patients.

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Changing Patterns in Clinicopathological Characteristics of Breast Cancer and Prevalence of BRCA Mutations: Analysis in a Rural Area of Southern China
Qiuming Wang, Heming Wu, Yongquan Lan, Jinhong Zhang, Jingna Wu, Yunuo Zhang, Liang Li, Donghua Liu, Jinfeng Zhang
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Evolving pathologic concepts of serrated lesions of the colorectum: Jung Ho Kim, Gyeong Hoon Kang; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(4):276-289. Published online June 26, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.04.15

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Here, we provide an up-to-date review of the histopathology and molecular pathology of serrated colorectal lesions. First, we introduce the updated contents of the 2019 World Health Organization classification for serrated lesions. The sessile serrated lesion (SSL) is a new diagnostic terminology that replaces sessile serrated adenoma and sessile serrated polyp. The diagnostic criteria for SSL were revised to require only one unequivocal distorted serrated crypt, which is sufficient for diagnosis. Unclassified serrated adenomas have been included as a new category of serrated lesions. Second, we review ongoing issues concerning the morphology of serrated lesions. Minor morphologic variants with distinct molecular features were recently defined, including serrated tubulovillous adenoma, mucin-rich variant of traditional serrated adenoma (TSA), and superficially serrated adenoma. In addition to intestinal dysplasia and serrated dysplasia, minimal deviation dysplasia and not otherwise specified dysplasia were newly suggested as dysplasia subtypes of SSLs. Third, we summarize the molecular features of serrated lesions. The critical determinant of CpG island methylation development in SSLs is patient age. Interestingly, there may be ethnic differences in BRAF/KRAS mutation frequencies in SSLs. The molecular pathogenesis of TSAs is divided into KRAS and BRAF mutation pathways. SSLs with MLH1 methylation can progress into favorable prognostic microsatellite instability-positive (MSI+)/CpG island methylator phenotype-positive (CIMP+) carcinomas, whereas MLH1-unmethylated SSLs and BRAF-mutated TSAs can be precursors of poor-prognostic MSI−/CIMP+ carcinomas. Finally, based on our recent data, we propose an algorithm for stratifying risk subgroups of non-dysplastic SSLs.

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Original Articles

Peripheral type squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: clinicopathologic characteristics in comparison to the central type: Yeoun Eun Sung, Uiju Cho, Kyo Young Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(4):290-299. Published online June 17, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.05.04

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Abstract PDF

Background
Squamous cell carcinomas (SqCCs) of the lung are known to arise more often in a central area but reports of peripheral SqCCs have increased, with a pathogenesis that is obscured. In this study, the clinicopathologic characteristics of peripheral lung SqCCs were studied and compared with those of the central type.
Methods
This study included 63 peripheral lung SqCCs and 48 randomly selected central cases; hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of surgically resected specimens were reviewed in conjunction with radiologic images and clinical history. Cytokeratin-7 immunohistochemical staining of key slides and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/KRAS mutations tested by DNA sequencing were also included.
Results
Stages of peripheral SqCCs were significantly lower than central SqCCs (p=.016). Cystic change of the mass (p=.007), presence of interstitial fibrosis (p=0.007), and anthracosis (p=.049) in the background lung were significantly associated with the peripheral type. Cytokeratin-7 positivity was also higher in peripheral SqCCs with cutoffs of both 10% and 50% (p=.011). Pathogenic mutations in EGFR and KRAS were observed in only one case out of the 72 evaluated. The Cox proportional hazard model indicated a significantly better disease-free survival (p=.009) and the tendency of better overall survival (p=.106) in the peripheral type.
Conclusions
In peripheral type, lower stage is a favorable factor for survival but more frequent interstitial fibrosis and older age are unfavorable factors. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that peripheral type is associated with better disease-free survival. The pathogenesis of peripheral lung SqCCs needs further investigation, together with consideration of the background lung conditions.

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Assessing the performance of chest x‐ray screening in detecting early‐stage lung cancer in the general population
Choy‐Lye Chei, Sho Nakamura, Kaname Watanabe, Takashi Mizutani, Hiroto Narimatsu
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Whole lung radiomic features are associated with overall survival in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy
Meng Yan, Zhen Zhang, Jia Tian, Jiaqi Yu, Andre Dekker, Dirk de Ruysscher, Leonard Wee, Lujun Zhao
Radiation Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma and lymphoepithelial carcinoma – morphology, molecular characteristics and differential diagnosis
Sabina Berezowska, Marie Maillard, Mark Keyter, Bettina Bisig
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Assessment of seasonal variability of PM, BC and UFP levels at a highway toll stations and their associated health risks
Nazneen, Aditya Kumar Patra, Soma Sekhara Rao Kolluru, Abhishek Penchala, Sachidanand Kumar, Namrata Mishra, Naragam Bhanu Sree, Samrat Santra, Ravish Dubey
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Analysis of PAX8 immunohistochemistry in lung cancers: a meta-analysis: Jae Han Jeong, Nae Yu Kim, Jung-Soo Pyo; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(4):300-309. Published online July 10, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.06.08

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Abstract PDF

Background
In this meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the PAX8 immunohistochemical expressions in primary lung cancers and metastatic cancers to the lung.
Methods
We identified and reviewed relevant articles from the PubMed databases. Ultimately, 18 articles were included in this meta-analysis. PAX8 expression rates were analyzed and compared between primary and metastatic lung cancers.
Results
The PAX8 expression rate in primary lung cancers was 0.042 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.025 to 0.071). PAX8 expression rates of small cell (0.129; 95% CI, 0.022 to 0.496) and non-small cell carcinomas of the lung (0.037; 95% CI, 0.022 to 0.061) were significantly different (p=.049 in a meta-regression test). However, the PAX8 expression rates of adenocarcinoma (0.013; 95% CI, 0.006 to 0.031) and squamous cell carcinoma (0.040; 95% CI, 0.016 to 0.097) were not significantly different. PAX8 expression rates of metastatic carcinomas to the lung varied, ranging from 1.8% to 94.9%. Metastatic carcinomas from the lung to other organs had a PAX8 expression rate of 6.3%. The PAX8 expression rates of metastatic carcinomas from the female genital organs, kidneys, and thyroid gland to the lung were higher than those of other metastatic carcinomas.
Conclusions
Primary lung cancers had a low PAX8 expression rate regardless of tumor subtype. However, the PAX8 expression rates of metastatic carcinomas from the female genital organs, kidneys, and thyroid were significantly higher than those of primary lung cancers.

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Highly prevalent BRAF V600E and low-frequency TERT promoter mutations underlie papillary thyroid carcinoma in Koreans: Sue Youn Kim, Taeeun Kim, Kwangsoon Kim, Ja Seong Bae, Jeong Soo Kim, Chan Kwon Jung; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(4):310-317. Published online June 15, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.05.12

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Abstract PDF

Background
The presence of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations have been associated with a poor prognosis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC). The frequency of TERT promoter mutations varies widely depending on the population and the nature of the study.
Methods
Data were prospectively collected in 724 consecutive patients who underwent thyroidectomy for PTC from 2018 to 2019. Molecular testing for BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations was performed in all cases.
Results
TERT promoter alterations in two hotspots (C228T and C250T) and C216T were found in 16 (2.2%) and 4 (0.6%) of all PTCs, respectively. The hotspot mutations were significantly associated with older age at diagnosis, larger tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, higher pathologic T category, lateral lymph node metastasis, and higher American Thyroid Association recurrence risk. The patients with C216T variant were younger and had a lower American Thyroid Association recurrence risk than those with hotspot mutations. Concurrent BRAF V600E was found in 19 of 20 cases with TERT promoter mutations. Of 518 microcarcinomas measuring ≤1.0 cm in size, hotspot mutations and C216T variants were detected in five (1.0%) and three (0.6%) cases, respectively.
Conclusions
Our study indicates a low frequency of TERT promoter mutations in Korean patients with PTC and supports previous findings that TERT promoter mutations are more common in older patients with unfavorable clinicopathologic features and BRAF V600E. TERT promoter mutations in patients with microcarcinoma are uncommon and may have a limited role in risk stratification. The C216T variant seems to have no clinicopathologic effect on PTC.

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International Journal of Thyroidology.2024; 17(1): 208. CrossRef
PD-L1 Expression and Its Modulating Factors in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
Shipra Agarwal, Chan Kwon Jung, Pranitha Gaddam, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Takuya Higashiyama, Jen-Fan Hang, Wei-An Lai, Somboon Keelawat, Zhiyan Liu, Hee Young Na, So Yeon Park, Junya Fukuoka, Shinya Satoh, Zhanna Mussazhanova, Masahiro Nakashima, Kennichi Ka
American Journal of Surgical Pathology.2024; 48(10): 1233. CrossRef
2023 Korean Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Patients with Thyroid Nodules
Young Joo Park, Eun Kyung Lee, Young Shin Song, Soo Hwan Kang, Bon Seok Koo, Sun Wook Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Seung-Kuk Baek, So Won Oh, Min Kyoung Lee, Sang-Woo Lee, Young Ah Lee, Yong Sang Lee, Ji Ye Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Leehi Joo, Yuh-Seog Jung, Chan Kwon Jung
International Journal of Thyroidology.2023; 16(1): 1. CrossRef
Incidence and risk factors for occult lesions in low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients with tumor characteristics appropriate for thermal ablation: A retrospective study
Langping Jin, Kaijun Zhu, Changliang Xu, Jiaying Lu, Liming Huang
Medicine.2023; 102(38): e34938. CrossRef
Identification of NIFTP-Specific mRNA Markers for Reliable Molecular Diagnosis of Thyroid Tumors
So-Yeon Lee, Jong-Lyul Park, Kwangsoon Kim, Ja Seong Bae, Jae-Yoon Kim, Seon-Young Kim, Chan Kwon Jung
Endocrine Pathology.2023; 34(3): 311. CrossRef
Risk factors and predictive model for recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a single-center retrospective cohort study based on 955 cases
Yin Li, Jiahe Tian, Ke Jiang, Zhongyu Wang, Songbo Gao, Keyang Wei, Ankui Yang, Qiuli Li
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
BRAFV600E Positivity-Dependent Effect of Age on Papillary Thyroid Cancer Recurrence Risk
Joonseon Park, Solji An, Kwangsoon Kim, Ja Seong Bae, Jeong Soo Kim
Cancers.2023; 15(22): 5395. CrossRef
BRAFV600E mutation test on fine‐needle aspiration specimens of thyroid nodules: Clinical correlations for 4600 patients
Huang Chen, Aiping Song, Ye Wang, Yifan He, Jie Tong, Jinxi Di, Chun Li, Zhongren Zhou, Xiaopin Cai, Dingrong Zhong, Jiping Da
Cancer Medicine.2022; 11(1): 40. CrossRef
Clinicopathological indicators for TERT promoter mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Hee Young Na, Hyeong Won Yu, Woochul Kim, Jae Hoon Moon, Chang Ho Ahn, Sang Il Choi, Yeo Koon Kim, June Young Choi, So Yeon Park
Clinical Endocrinology.2022; 97(1): 106. CrossRef
A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis on the Occurrence of Biomarker Mutation in Colorectal Cancer among the Asian Population
Hafeez Afolabi, Salzihan Md Salleh, Zaidi Zakaria, Ch’ng Ewe Seng, Siti Norasikin Binti Mohd Nafil, Ahmad Aizat Bin Abdul Aziz, Yusuf Wada, Ahmad Irekeola, Syed Sameer Aga
BioMed Research International.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A Significance of Concomitant BRAFV600E and TERT Mutations in Polish Patients with Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on 430 Cases
Artur Kuchareczko, Janusz Kopczyński, Artur Kowalik, Kinga Hińcza-Nowak, Agnieszka Walczyk, Iwona Pałyga, Tomasz Trybek, Monika Szymonek, Danuta Gąsior-Perczak, Klaudia Gadawska-Juszczyk, Estera Mikina, Izabela Płachta, Agnieszka Suligowska, Agnieszka Płu
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Machine learning for identifying benign and malignant of thyroid tumors: A retrospective study of 2,423 patients
Yuan-yuan Guo, Zhi-jie Li, Chao Du, Jun Gong, Pu Liao, Jia-xing Zhang, Cong Shao
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
TERT Promoter and BRAF V600E Mutations in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Single-Institution Experience in Korea
Min Jhi Kim, Jin Kyong Kim, Gi Jeong Kim, Sang-Wook Kang, Jandee Lee, Jong Ju Jeong, Woong Youn Chung, Daham Kim, Kee-Hyun Nam
Cancers.2022; 14(19): 4928. CrossRef
Frequency of TERT Promoter Mutations in Real-World Analysis of 2,092 Thyroid Carcinoma Patients (Endocrinol Metab 2022;37:652-63, Heera Yang et al.)
Sue Youn Kim, Chan Kwon Jung
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 947. CrossRef
Frequency of TERT Promoter Mutations in Real-World Analysis of 2,092 Thyroid Carcinoma Patients (Endocrinol Metab 2022;37:652-63, Heera Yang et al.)
Hyunju Park, Jae Hoon Chung
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 949. CrossRef
Molecular Pathology of Non-familial Follicular Epithelial–Derived Thyroid Cancer in Adults: From RAS/BRAF-like Tumor Designations to Molecular Risk Stratification
Paula Soares, Antónia Afonso Póvoa, Miguel Melo, João Vinagre, Valdemar Máximo, Catarina Eloy, José Manuel Cameselle-Teijeiro, Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
Endocrine Pathology.2021; 32(1): 44. CrossRef
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Recurrence-Free Survival of Rare Variants of Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas in Korea: A Retrospective Study
Mijin Kim, Sun Wook Cho, Young Joo Park, Hwa Young Ahn, Hee Sung Kim, Yong Joon Suh, Dughyun Choi, Bu Kyung Kim, Go Eun Yang, Il-Seok Park, Ka Hee Yi, Chan Kwon Jung, Bo Hyun Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(3): 619. CrossRef
Clinical Application of TERT Promoter Mutations in Urothelial Carcinoma
Yujiro Hayashi, Kazutoshi Fujita, George J. Netto, Norio Nonomura
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
MicroRNA Profile for Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Thyroid Cancer
Jong-Lyul Park, Seon-Kyu Kim, Sora Jeon, Chan-Kwon Jung, Yong-Sung Kim
Cancers.2021; 13(4): 632. CrossRef
Prospective Analysis of TERT Promoter Mutations in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma at a Single Institution
Yun-Suk Choi, Seong-Woon Choi, Jin-Wook Yi
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(10): 2179. CrossRef
Significance of telomerase reverse-transcriptase promoter mutations in differentiated thyroid cancer
Hung-Fei Lai, Chi-Yu Kuo, Shih-Ping Cheng
Formosan Journal of Surgery.2021; 54(5): 171. CrossRef
Early Diagnosis of Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Cancer Results Rather in Overtreatment Than a Better Survival
Jolanta Krajewska, Aleksandra Kukulska, Malgorzata Oczko-Wojciechowska, Agnieszka Kotecka-Blicharz, Katarzyna Drosik-Rutowicz, Malgorzata Haras-Gil, Barbara Jarzab, Daria Handkiewicz-Junak
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

Current status of cytopathology practices in Korea: annual report on the Continuous Quality Improvement program of the Korean Society for Cytopathology for 2018: Yosep Chong, Haeyoen Jung, Jung-Soo Pyo, Soon Won Hong, Hoon Kyu Oh; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(4):318-331. Published online April 15, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.02.26

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Background
The Korean Society for Cytopathology has conducted the Continuous Quality Improvement program for cytopathology laboratories in Korea since 1995. In 2018 as part of the program, an annual survey of cytologic data was administered to determine the current status of cytopathology practices in Korea. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 211 cytopathology laboratories. Individual laboratories submitted their annual statistics regarding cytopathology practices, diagnoses of gynecologic samples, inadequacy rates, and gynecologic cytology-histology correlation review (CHCR) data for 2018. In addition, proficiency tests and sample adequacy assessments were conducted using five consequent gynecologic slides. Results: Over 10 million cytologic exams were performed in 2018, and this number has almost tripled since this survey was first conducted in 2004 (compounded annual growth rate of 7.2%). The number of non-gynecologic samples has increased gradually over time and comprised 24% of all exams. The overall unsatisfactory rate was 0.14%. The ratio of the cases with atypical squamous cells to squamous intraepithelial lesions accounted for up to 4.24. The major discrepancy rate of the CHCR in gynecologic samples was 0.52%. In the proficiency test, the major discrepancy rate was approximately 1%. In the sample adequacy assessment, a discrepancy was observed in 0.1% of cases. Conclusions: This study represents the current status of cytopathology practices in Korea, illustrating the importance of the Continuous Quality Improvement program for increasing the accuracy and credibility of cytopathologic exams as well as developing national cancer exam guidelines and government projects on the prevention and treatment of cancer.

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Sensitivity, Specificity, and Cost–Benefit Effect Between Primary Human Papillomavirus Testing, Primary Liquid‐Based Cytology, and Co‐Testing Algorithms for Cervical Lesions
Chang Gok Woo, Seung‐Myoung Son, Hye‐Kyung Hwang, Jung‐Sil Bae, Ok‐Jun Lee, Ho‐Chang Lee
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2025; 53(1): 35. CrossRef
Diagnostic proficiency test using digital cytopathology and comparative assessment of whole slide images of cytologic samples for quality assurance program in Korea
Yosep Chong, Soon Auck Hong, Hoon Kyu Oh, Soo Jin Jung, Bo-Sung Kim, Ji Yun Jeong, Ho-Chang Lee, Gyungyub Gong
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(5): 251. CrossRef
Recent Application of Artificial Intelligence in Non-Gynecological Cancer Cytopathology: A Systematic Review
Nishant Thakur, Mohammad Rizwan Alam, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Yosep Chong
Cancers.2022; 14(14): 3529. CrossRef
Re-Increasing Trends in Thyroid Cancer Incidence after a Short Period of Decrease in Korea: Reigniting the Debate on Ultrasound Screening
Chan Kwon Jung, Ja Seong Bae, Young Joo Park
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(5): 816. CrossRef
Current status of cytopathology practice in Korea: impact of the coronavirus pandemic on cytopathology practice
Soon Auck Hong, Haeyoen Jung, Sung Sun Kim, Min-Sun Jin, Jung-Soo Pyo, Ji Yun Jeong, Younghee Choi, Gyungyub Gong, Yosep Chong
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2022; 56(6): 361. CrossRef

Case Studies

Gastric crystal-storing histiocytosis with concomitant mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: Mee Joo, Nam-Hoon Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(4):332-335. Published online May 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.04.20

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Abstract PDF

Crystal-storing histiocytosis (CSH) is a rare entity that is characterized by intrahistiocytic accumulation of crystallized immunoglobulins. CSH is not a malignant process per se, but the majority of CSH cases are associated with underlying lymphoproliferative disorder. Although CSH can occur in a variety of organs, gastric CSH is very rare. We present a localized gastric CSH with concomitant mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, manifesting as an ulcer bleeding in a 56-year-old man. Histologically, the biopsied gastric mucosa demonstrated expansion of the lamina propria by prominent collections of large eosinophilic mononuclear cells containing fibrillary crystalloid inclusions. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the crystal-storing cells were histiocytes harboring kappa light chain-restricted immunoglobulin crystals. Within the lesion, atypical centrocyte-like cells forming lymphoepithelial lesions were seen, consistent with MALT lymphoma. Since this entity is rare and unfamiliar, difficulties in diagnosis may arise. Particularly, in this case, the lymphomatous area was obscured by florid CSH, making the diagnosis more challenging.

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João Pedro Pereira, Joanne Lopes, Fatima Carneiro, Francisco Baldaque-Silva
Frontline Gastroenterology.2024; : flgastro-2024-102865. CrossRef
Crystal-storing histiocytosis in the stomach: A case report and review of the literature
Linghong Kong, Liyan Xue, Yanfeng Zhong, Shenglan Wang, Danfeng Zheng, Lining Wang, Yang Jiao, Xinpeng Zhang, Huizhong Xue, Xiaogang Liu
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Lambda-Restricted Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis of Stomach: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Nalini Bansal, Pankaj Puri, Nishant Nagpal, Rahul Naithani, Rahul Gupta
Cureus.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Immunoglobulin-Storing Histiocytosis: A Case Based Systemic Review
Hanne Wiese-Hansen, Friedemann Leh, Anette Lodvir Hemsing, Håkon Reikvam
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(9): 1834. CrossRef

Pediatric granular cell tumor in the posterior wall of the larynx extending to the trachea: Jungsuk Ahn, Na Rae Kim, Yong Han Sun; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(4):336-339. Published online April 15, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.02.28

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Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a slow-growing benign neoplasm that can be found in any organ. Pediatric laryngotracheal GCT is rare. We experienced a 6-year-old boy suffering from a barking cough and symptoms of stridor and croup for one month. Head and neck computed tomography revealed a protruding mass that occluded 60% of the airway lumen. Under the impression of hemangioma or papilloma, excision revealed a submucosal non-encapsulated mass. Histologically, the mass was composed of sheets of large polyhedralshaped tumor cells containing plump eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and centrally placed, small, bland-appearing nuclei. The tumor cells were positive for S-100 protein, and voluminous eosinophilic cytoplasm was stained by diastase-resistant periodic acid-Schiff. The present report describes a unique case of a huge pediatric laryngeal GCT extending to the subglottic trachea. We also review the clinical course of pediatric laryngotracheal GCT and emphasize the importance of diagnosing GCT in children.

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Pediatric granular cell tumor of the larynx: A case report and literature review
Jing Ke, Junwei Xiong, Juhong Zhang, Haiyu Ma, Wei Yuan
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.2023; 19(4): 1070. CrossRef

Primary hepatic extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue: Soyeon Choi, Ji Hye Kim, Kyungbin Kim, Misung Kim, Hye Jeong Choi, Young Min Kim, Jae Hee Suh, Min Jung Seo, Hee Jeong Cha; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(4):340-345. Published online April 15, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.03.18

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Abstract PDF

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma), is one of the specific type of low-grade B-cell lymphoma not infrequently found worldwide. It typically involves mucosal sites such as stomach and conjunctiva; however, primary hepatic MALT lymphoma has been extremely rarely reported. We describe a case of hepatic MALT lymphoma in a 70-year-old male patient who underwent left hepatectomy due to the incidentally detected liver masses at a medical checkup. The resected specimen revealed multinodular masses consisting of small-to-intermediate-sized lymphoid cells with serpentine pattern and focal lymphoepithelial lesions. The tumor cells were diffusely positive for CD20 and Bcl-2 but negative for CD3, CD10, CD5, CD23, CD43, and cyclinD1. The Ki-67 labeling index was 10% and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement study confirmed monoclonal proliferation. In this paper, we discuss several unique clinicopathologic characteristics which will be helpful to the differential diagnosis of hepatic MALT lymphoma.

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Oral administration of Limosilactobacillus reuteri VHProbi® M07 alleviates ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma in mice
Guoqing Meng, Hongchang Cui, Congrui Feng, Chaoqun Guo, Lei Song, Zhi Duan, Misbahuddin Rafeeq
PLOS ONE.2025; 20(1): e0317587. CrossRef
Response‑adapted involved site radiation therapy for hepatic marginal zone B‑cell lymphoma: A case report
Shin-Ting Chen, Yu-Guang Chen, Wen-Yen Huang, Cheng-Hsiang Lo
Oncology Letters.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Management approaches for primary hepatic lymphoma: 10 year institutional experience with comprehensive literature review
Jennifer Ma, Remy Daou, Josiane Bou Eid, Beatrice Fregonese, Joe El-Khoury, N. Ari Wijetunga, Brandon S. Imber, Joachim Yahalom, Carla Hajj
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Primary hepatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: a case report and literature review
Tao He, Jieyu Zou
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
“Speckled Enhancement” on Gd-EOB-DTPA Enhanced MR Imaging of Primary Hepatic Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma
Ryota Hyodo, Yasuo Takehara, Ayumi Nishida, Masaya Matsushima, Shinji Naganawa
Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences.2023; 22(3): 273. CrossRef
Primary hepatic extranodal marginal zone B-cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma treated by laparoscopic partial hepatectomy: a case report
Keisuke Okura, Satoru Seo, Hironori Shimizu, Hiroto Nishino, Tomoaki Yoh, Ken Fukumitsu, Takamichi Ishii, Koichiro Hata, Hironori Haga, Etsuro Hatano
Surgical Case Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Incidental Findings in Pediatric Patients: How to Manage Liver Incidentaloma in Pediatric Patients
Andrius Cekuolis, Dagmar Schreiber-Dietrich, Rasa Augustinienė, Heike Taut, Judy Squires, Edda L. Chaves, Yi Dong, Christoph F. Dietrich
Cancers.2023; 15(8): 2360. CrossRef
Primary hepatic mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: Case report and literature review
Wing Yu Lau, Kit‐Man Ho, Fiona Ka‐Man Chan, Shi Lam, Kai‐Chi Cheng
Surgical Practice.2022; 26(1): 56. CrossRef
18F-FDG Versus 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in Visualizing Primary Hepatic Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
Yizhen Pang, Long Zhao, Qihang Shang, Tinghua Meng, Haojun Chen
Clinical Nuclear Medicine.2022; 47(4): 375. CrossRef
Primary hepatopancreatobiliary lymphoma: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management
Qianwen Wang, Kangze Wu, Xuzhao Zhang, Yang Liu, Zhouyi Sun, Shumei Wei, Bo Zhang
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Positive effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis VHProbi YB11 in improving gastrointestinal movement of mice having constipation
Hongchang Cui, Qian Wang, Congrui Feng, Chaoqun Guo, Jingyan Zhang, Xinping Bu, Zhi Duan
Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A case of primary hepatic extranodal marginal zone B-cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma treated by radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and a literature review
Zhe Xu, Chong Pang, Jidong Sui, Zhenming Gao
Journal of International Medical Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Atypical femoral neck fracture after prolonged bisphosphonate therapy: Kwang-kyoun Kim, Young-wook Park, Tae-hyeong Kim, Kyung-deok Seo; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(4):346-350. Published online June 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.05.14; Correction in: J Pathol Transl Med 2020;54(5):435

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133 Download
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Abstract PDF

Of the drugs developed to prevent and treat osteoporosis, bisphosphonate has played a very important role in preventing osteoporotic fractures. However, case reports describing atypical femoral fractures in patients using long-term bisphosphonates have emerged. The majority of atypical femur fractures occurs in the lateral aspect of the subtrochanteric or femur diaphysis, which is explained by accumulation of tensile stress in these areas. Although the superior cortex of the femur neck withstands maximum tensile stress, to our knowledge, there have been only two reports (three cases) of atypical femoral neck fracture. In addition, none of those case reports revealed detailed pathology related to suppressed bone turnover rate. We encountered an incomplete femoral neck fracture and diagnosed it as “atypical” on the basis of the patient’s lack of trauma and medication history and pathological findings. For patients with groin pain, minimal or no trauma, and a history of long-term bisphosphonate use, an atypical femoral neck fracture should be considered.

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Journal of Applied Oral Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Maximilian Ellacott, Hüseyin Bilgehan Çevik, Peter V. Giannoudis
Injury.2024; 55(2): 111312. CrossRef
Incomplete femoral neck fracture with characteristics of atypical femoral fracture: A case report and literature review
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Yongzhong Xu, Shan Gao
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Kristine Yang, Senthil Sambandam, Matthew J. Yan, Michael Huo
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Donghwan Hwang, Chul-Ho Kim, Yongkoo Lee, Ji Wan Kim
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Hee-Uk Ye, Kyung-Jae Lee, Byung-Woo Min, Kyung-Hwan Lim, Beom-Soo Kim, Young-Hoon Kim
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2021; 34(1): 1. CrossRef
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