- A standardized pathology report for gastric cancer: 2nd edition
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Young Soo Park, Myeong-Cherl Kook, Baek-hui Kim, Hye Seung Lee, Dong-Wook Kang, Mi-Jin Gu, Ok Ran Shin, Younghee Choi, Wonae Lee, Hyunki Kim, In Hye Song, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Hee Sung Kim, Guhyun Kang, Do Youn Park, So-Young Jin, Joon Mee Kim, Yoon Jung Choi, Hee Kyung Chang, Soomin Ahn, Mee Soo Chang, Song-Hee Han, Yoonjin Kwak, An Na Seo, Sung Hak Lee, Mee-Yon Cho
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J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(1):1-27. Published online January 15, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.12.23
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- The first edition of ‘A Standardized Pathology Report for Gastric Cancer’ was initiated by the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists and published 17 years ago. Since then, significant advances have been made in the pathologic diagnosis, molecular genetics, and management of gastric cancer (GC). To reflect those changes, a committee for publishing a second edition of the report was formed within the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists. This second edition consists of two parts: standard data elements and conditional data elements. The standard data elements contain the basic pathologic findings and items necessary to predict the prognosis of GC patients, and they are adequate for routine surgical pathology service. Other diagnostic and prognostic factors relevant to adjuvant therapy, including molecular biomarkers, are classified as conditional data elements to allow each pathologist to selectively choose items appropriate to the environment in their institution. We trust that the standardized pathology report will be helpful for GC diagnosis and facilitate large-scale multidisciplinary collaborative studies.
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- Tumor immune response and immunotherapy in gastric cancer
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Yoonjin Kwak, An Na Seo, Hee Eun Lee, Hye Seung Lee
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J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(1):20-33. Published online November 1, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.10.08
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- Remarkable developments in immuno-oncology have changed the landscape of gastric cancer (GC) treatment. Because immunotherapy intervenes with tumor immune response rather than directly targeting tumor cells, it is important to develop a greater understanding of tumor immunity. This review paper summarizes the tumor immune reaction and immune escape mechanisms while focusing on the role of T cells and their co-inhibitory signals, such as the immune checkpoint molecules programmed death-1 and programmed deathligand 1 (PD-L1). This paper also describes past clinical trials of immunotherapy for patients with GC and details their clinical implications. Strong predictive markers are essential to improve response to immunotherapy. Microsatellite instability, Epstein-Barr virus, PD-L1 expression, and tumor mutational burden are now regarded as potent predictive markers for immunotherapy in patients with GC. Novel immunotherapy and combination therapy targeting new immune checkpoint molecules such as lymphocyte-activation gene 3, T cell immunoglobulin, and mucin domain containing-3, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase have been suggested, and trials are ongoing to evaluate their safety and efficacy. Immunotherapy is an important treatment option for patients with GC and has great potential for improving patient outcome, and further research in immuno-oncology should be carried out.
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- Standardized Pathology Report for Colorectal Cancer, 2nd Edition
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Baek-hui Kim, Joon Mee Kim, Gyeong Hoon Kang, Hee Jin Chang, Dong Wook Kang, Jung Ho Kim, Jeong Mo Bae, An Na Seo, Ho Sung Park, Yun Kyung Kang, Kyung-Hwa Lee, Mee Yon Cho, In-Gu Do, Hye Seung Lee, Hee Kyung Chang, Do Youn Park, Hyo Jeong Kang, Jin Hee Sohn, Mee Soo Chang, Eun Sun Jung, So-Young Jin, Eunsil Yu, Hye Seung Han, Youn Wha Kim
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J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(1):1-19. Published online November 13, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.09.28
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- The first edition of the ‘Standardized Pathology Report for Colorectal Cancer,’ which was developed by the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group (GIP) of the Korean Society of Pathologists, was published 13 years ago. Meanwhile, there have been many changes in the pathologic diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), pathologic findings included in the pathology report, and immunohistochemical and molecular pathology required for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. In order to reflect these changes, we (GIP) decided to make the second edition of the report. The purpose of this standardized pathology report is to provide a practical protocol for Korean pathologists, which could help diagnose and treat CRC patients. This report consists of “standard data elements” and “conditional data elements.” Basic pathologic findings and parts necessary for prognostication of CRC patients are classified as “standard data elements,” while other prognostic factors and factors related to adjuvant therapy are classified as “conditional data elements” so that each institution could select the contents according to the characteristics of the institution. The Korean version is also provided separately so that Korean pathologists can easily understand and use this report. We hope that this report will be helpful in the daily practice of CRC diagnosis.
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- Rectal Invasion by Prostatic Adenocarcinoma That Was Initially Diagnosed in a Rectal Polyp on Colonoscopy
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Ghilsuk Yoon, Man-Hoon Han, An Na Seo
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J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(4):266-269. Published online April 11, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.03.25
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Abstract
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- Despite anatomical proximity, prostatic adenocarcinoma with rectal invasion is extremely rare. We present a case of rectal invasion by prostatic adenocarcinoma that was initially diagnosed from a rectal polyp biopsied on colonoscopy in a 69-year-old Korean man. He presented with dull anal pain and voiding discomfort for several days. Computed tomography revealed either prostatic adenocarcinoma with rectal invasion or rectal adenocarcinoma with prostatic invasion. His tumor marker profile showed normal prostate specific antigen (PSA) level and significantly elevated carcinoembryonic antigen level. Colonoscopy was performed, and a specimen was obtained from a round, 1.5 cm, sessile polyp that was 1.5 cm above the anal verge. Microscopically, glandular tumor structures infiltrated into the rectal mucosa and submucosa. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed alpha-methylacyl-CoA-racemase positivity, PSA positivity, and caudal-related homeobox 2 negativity. The final diagnosis of the rectal polyp was consistent with prostatic adenocarcinoma. Here, we present a rare case that could have been misdiagnosed as rectal adenocarcinoma.
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Citations
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- An Extremely Rare Metastatic Prostate Tumor From Rectal Cancer With Characteristic MRI Findings Due to Necrosis
Sohei Iwagami, Shoji Oura, Haruka Miyai, Naoki Kataoka, Masaya Nishihata Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Prostate cancer invading rectal serosa and anal sphincter treated with definitive radiation therapy: Case report and review of the literature
Mi-Jo Lee Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.2024; 20(3): 1081. CrossRef - Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate Masquerading as a Splenic Flexure Colonic Polyp: A Diagnostic Conundrum
Zakaria W Shkoukani, Alaa Chamsin, Mohamed I Abdulmajed Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - An Interesting Case of Prostate Cancer Presenting With Colonic Metastasis
Shawn Keating, Ayesha Imtiaz, Kenneth Nahum, Ankita Prasad, Pramil Cheriyath Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Metastase d’un adenocarcinome prostatique au sein d’un polype colique. À propos d’un cas et revue de la littérature
Guillaume Abitbol, Clémence Barthomeuf, Olivier Varennes, Marine Clement, Sami Hakim, Denis Chatelain Annales de Pathologie.2023; 43(4): 342. CrossRef - Isolated Rectal Metastases from Locally Advanced Carcinoma Prostate Detected by 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT
Shashank Shekhar Singh, Rani Kunti Randhir Singh, Narvesh Kumar, Harshvardhan Atrey World Journal of Nuclear Medicine.2022; 21(03): 248. CrossRef - Rectal Invasion by Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma
Anshu Wadehra, Samer Alkassis, Aliza Rizwan, Omid Yazdanpanah Cureus.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Metastatic Prostate Cancer Presenting as a Rectal Polyp: A Rare Occurrence
Ese Uwagbale, Ifeanyichukwu Onukogu, Vimal Bodiwala, Solomon Agbroko, Niket Sonpal Cureus.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Local Staging of Prostate Cancer with Multiparametric MRI
Nandan Keshav, Mark D. Ehrhart, Steven C. Eberhardt, Martha F. Terrazas Seminars in Roentgenology.2021; 56(4): 366. CrossRef
- Gastric Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma with Squamous Differentiation: A Case Report
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Han-Ik Bae, Chaeyoon Lee, Young-Min Jo, Ohkyung Kwon, Wansik Yu, Mee-Seon Kim, An Na Seo
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J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(4):318-321. Published online January 11, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.10.17
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- Comparison of Metastatic Patterns Among Neuroendocrine Tumors, Neuroendocrine Carcinomas, and Nonneuroendocrine Carcinomas of Various Primary Organs
Hyung Kyu Park, Ghee Young Kwon Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Mixed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the colon: detailed molecular characterisation of two cases indicates a distinct colorectal cancer entity
Christine Woischke, Peter Jung, Andreas Jung, Jörg Kumbrink, Sibylle Eisenlohr, Christoph Josef Auernhammer, Michael Vieth, Thomas Kirchner, Jens Neumann The Journal of Pathology: Clinical Research.2021; 7(1): 75. CrossRef - Multiregion Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of a Gastric Mixed Neuroendocrine-Nonneuroendocrine Neoplasm with Trilineage Differentiation
Faheem Farooq, Kevin Zarrabi, Keith Sweeney, Joseph Kim, Jela Bandovic, Chiraag Patel, Minsig Choi Journal of Gastric Cancer.2018; 18(2): 200. CrossRef
- SALL4 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinomas Is Associated with EpCAM-Positivity and a Poor Prognosis
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Hyunjin Park, Hyejung Lee, An Na Seo, Jai Young Cho, Young Rok Choi, Yoo-Seok Yoon, Ho-Seong Han, Young Nyun Park, Haeryoung Kim
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J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(5):373-381. Published online August 10, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.07.09
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11,041
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Abstract
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- Background
There is increasing interest in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) expressing “stemness”-related markers, as they have been associated with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4), a recently proposed candidate marker of “stemness.” Methods: Immunohistochemical stains were performed for SALL4, K19, and epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EpCAM) on tissue microarrays constructed from 190 surgically resected HCCs, and the results were correlated with the clinicopathological features and patient survival data. Results: Nuclear SALL4 expression was observed in 39/190 HCCs (20.5%), while K19 and EpCAM were expressed in 30 (15.9%) and 92 (48.7%) HCCs, respectively. The nuclear expression was generally weak, punctate or clumped. SALL4 expression was significantly associated with a poor overall survival compared to SALL4-negative HCCs (p = .014) compared to SALL4-negative HCCs. On multivariate analysis adjusted for tumor size, multiplicity, vascular invasion, and pathological tumor stage, SALL4 remained as a significant independent predictor of decreased overall survival (p= .004). SALL4 expression was positively correlated with EpCAM expression (p = .013) but not with K19 expression. HCCs that expressed both SALL4 and EpCAM were associated with significantly decreased overall survival, compared to those cases which were negative for both of these markers (p = .031). Conclusions: Although SALL4 expression was not significantly correlated with other clinicopathological parameters suggestive of tumor aggressiveness, SALL4 expression was an independent predictor of poor overall survival in human HCCs, and was also positively correlated with EpCAM expression.
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Citations
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- Cytoplasmic SALL4-A isoform expression as a diagnostic marker of less aggressive tumor behavior in gastric cancer
Saeed Rahmani, Amirhesam Babajani, Maryam Abolhasani, Roya Ghods, Elham Kalantari, Zahra Madjd World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Stemness markers in hepatocellular carcinoma of Eastern vs. Western population: Etiology matters?
Caecilia HC Sukowati, Korri El-Khobar, Chyntia Olivia Maurine Jasirwan, Juferdy Kurniawan, Rino Alvani Gani Annals of Hepatology.2024; 29(1): 101153. CrossRef - Research progress and prospects of AFP-positive gastric cancer
Long Zhao, Changjiang Yang, Yilin Lin, Shan Wang, Yingjiang Ye, Zhanlong Shen Foregut Surgery.2022; 2(1): 29. CrossRef - SALL4 and microRNA: The Role of Let-7
Jun Liu, Madeline A. Sauer, Shaza G. Hussein, Junyu Yang, Daniel G. Tenen, Li Chai Genes.2021; 12(9): 1301. CrossRef - Hepatoid Teratoma, Hepatoid Yolk Sac Tumor, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Khaleel I. Al-Obaidy, Sean R. Williamson, Nathan Shelman, Muhammad T. Idrees, Thomas M. Ulbright American Journal of Surgical Pathology.2021; 45(1): 127. CrossRef - Targeting an Inducible SALL4-Mediated Cancer Vulnerability with Sequential Therapy
Junyu Yang, Chong Gao, Miao Liu, Yao-Chung Liu, Junsu Kwon, Jun Qi, Xi Tian, Alicia Stein, Yanjing V. Liu, Nikki R. Kong, Yue Wu, Shenyi Yin, Jianzhong Xi, Zhiyuan Chen, Kalpana Kumari, Hannan Wong, Hongbo Luo, Leslie E. Silberstein, Julie A.I. Thoms, Ash Cancer Research.2021; 81(23): 6018. CrossRef - Lipoprotein‐Like Nanoparticle Carrying Small Interfering RNA Against Spalt‐Like Transcription Factor 4 Effectively Targets Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and Decreases Tumor Burden
William Cruz, Huang Huang, Brian Barber, Elisa Pasini, Lili Ding, Gang Zheng, Juan Chen, Mamatha Bhat Hepatology Communications.2020; 4(5): 769. CrossRef - Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach: a unique subgroup with distinct clinicopathological and molecular features
Yakun Wang, Li Sun, Zhongwu Li, Jing Gao, Sai Ge, Cheng Zhang, Jiajia Yuan, Xicheng Wang, Jian Li, Zhihao Lu, Jifang Gong, Ming Lu, Jun Zhou, Zhi Peng, Lin Shen, Xiaotian Zhang Gastric Cancer.2019; 22(6): 1183. CrossRef - Gynecologic Serous Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Analysis of Malignant Body Fluid Specimens
Shuyue Ren, William Klump Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine.2019; 143(6): 677. CrossRef - The Pluripotency Network in Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis and Prognosis: an Update
Ioannis A Voutsadakis Biomarkers in Medicine.2018; 12(6): 653. CrossRef - Cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: an overview and promising therapeutic strategies
Nuozhou Wang, Shanshan Wang, Ming-Yue Li, Bao-guang Hu, Li-ping Liu, Sheng-li Yang, Shucai Yang, Zhongqin Gong, Paul B. S. Lai, George G. Chen Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - DNA demethylation induces SALL4 gene re-expression in subgroups of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with Hepatitis B or C virus infection
H Fan, Z Cui, H Zhang, S K Mani, A Diab, L Lefrancois, N Fares, P Merle, O Andrisani Oncogene.2017; 36(17): 2435. CrossRef - Higher expression of SALL4 predicts poor cancer prognosis: A meta-analysis
Hongyu Shen, Liangpeng Li, Dandan Wang, Sujin Yang, Xiu Chen, Siying Zhou, Shanliang Zhong, Jianhua Zhao, Jinhai Tang Cancer Biomarkers.2017; 19(4): 365. CrossRef - SALL4 suppresses PTEN expression to promote glioma cell proliferation via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Chuanjin Liu, Haibin Wu, Yanyan Li, Liang Shen, Renchun Yu, Hongwei Yin, Ting Sun, Chunming Sun, Youxin Zhou, Ziwei Du Journal of Neuro-Oncology.2017; 135(2): 263. CrossRef - Liver Cancer: Molecular Characterization, Clonal Evolution and Cancer Stem Cells
Germana Castelli, Elvira Pelosi, Ugo Testa Cancers.2017; 9(9): 127. CrossRef - Oncofetal gene SALL4 and prognosis in cancer: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Lorenzo Nicolè, Tiziana Sanavia, Nicola Veronese, Rocco Cappellesso, Claudio Luchini, Paolo Dabrilli, Ambrogio Fassina Oncotarget.2017; 8(14): 22968. CrossRef - SALL4, the missing link between stem cells, development and cancer
Hiro Tatetsu, Nikki R. Kong, Gao Chong, Giovanni Amabile, Daniel G. Tenen, Li Chai Gene.2016; 584(2): 111. CrossRef - A New Cell Block Method for Multiple Immunohistochemical Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Liver Cancer
Soo Jeong Nam, Hyun Yang Yeo, Hee Jin Chang, Bo Hyun Kim, Eun Kyung Hong, Joong-Won Park Cancer Research and Treatment.2016; 48(4): 1229. CrossRef - Functional and clinical significance of SALL4 in breast cancer
Ebubekir Dirican, Mustafa Akkiprik Tumor Biology.2016; 37(9): 11701. CrossRef - MicroRNA-33b suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the inhibition of Sal-like protein 4 expression
Qinggang Tian, Yao Xiao, Yanting Wu, Yun Liu, Zhiqing Song, Wenfeng Gao, Jing Zhang, Jingling Yang, Yuguo Zhang, Tuankui Guo, Furong Dai, Zhigang Sun International Journal of Molecular Medicine.2016; 38(5): 1587. CrossRef - Oncogenic protein SALL4 and ZNF217 as prognostic indicators in solid cancers: a meta-analysis of individual studies
Ji Cheng, Jinbo Gao, Xiaoming Shuai, Kaixiong Tao Oncotarget.2016; 7(17): 24314. CrossRef
- Expression of c-MET in Invasive Meningioma
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Sumi Yun, Jae Moon Koh, Kyu Sang Lee, An Na Seo, Kyung Han Nam, Gheeyoung Choe
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J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(1):44-51. Published online January 15, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2014.10.13
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Abstract
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- Background
Meningiomas show high recurrence rates even after curative tumor removal. The invasiveness of meningiomas may contribute to their high recurrence rates. Recently, c-MET and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) have been reported to be involved in cancer invasion. Methods: We examined the immunohistochemical expression of c-MET and HGF in 100 cases of patients with meningiomas who have undergone complete tumor removal. Results: c-MET-High and HGFHigh were found in 17% and 13% of meningiomas, respectively. Brain invasion was observed in 17.6% of c-MET-High meningiomas, but in only 2.4% of c-MET-Low meningiomas (p=.033). Bone/ soft tissue invasion was observed in 23.5% of c-MET-High meningiomas and in 9.6% of c-MET-Low meningiomas (p=.119). HGF-High did not show statistical association with brain invasion or bone/ soft tissue invasion. c-MET-High demonstrated shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS, 93.5±8.2 months vs 96.1±1.9 months); however, this difference was not statistically significant (p=.139). There was no association of HGF-High with RFS. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that c- MET-High is associated with brain invasion of meningiomas, and that c-MET expression may be a useful predictive marker for meningioma recurrence. Patients with invasive meningiomas with high expressions of c-MET may be good candidates for targeted therapy using c-MET inhibitors.
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Thiébaud Picart, Chloé Dumot, Jacques Guyotat, Vladislav Pavlov, Nathalie Streichenberger, Alexandre Vasiljevic, Tanguy Fenouil, Anne Durand, Emmanuel Jouanneau, François Ducray, Timothée Jacquesson, Moncef Berhouma, David Meyronet Neurosurgical Review.2022; 45(4): 2797. CrossRef - Nomogram based on MRI can preoperatively predict brain invasion in meningioma
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Farhad Mashayekhi, Soheila Talesh Sasani, Alia Saberi, Zivar Salehi Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.2021; 93: 1. CrossRef - Brain-invasive meningiomas: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic options
Chaoying Qin, Meng Huang, Yimin Pan, Yuzhe Li, Wenyong Long, Qing Liu Brain Tumor Pathology.2021; 38(3): 156. CrossRef - YAP1-FAM118B Fusion Defines a Rare Subset of Childhood and Young Adulthood Meningiomas
Kathleen M. Schieffer, Vibhuti Agarwal, Stephanie LaHaye, Katherine E. Miller, Daniel C. Koboldt, Tara Lichtenberg, Kristen Leraas, Patrick Brennan, Benjamin J. Kelly, Erin Crist, Jerome Rusin, Jonathan L. Finlay, Diana S. Osorio, Eric A. Sribnick, Jeffre American Journal of Surgical Pathology.2021; 45(3): 329. CrossRef - Regression of Intracranial Meningiomas Following Treatment with Cabozantinib
Rupesh Kotecha, Raees Tonse, Haley Appel, Yazmin Odia, Ritesh R. Kotecha, Guilherme Rabinowits, Minesh P. Mehta Current Oncology.2021; 28(2): 1537. CrossRef - Prognostic significance of brain invasion in meningiomas: systematic review and meta-analysis
Satoshi Nakasu, Yoko Nakasu Brain Tumor Pathology.2021; 38(2): 81. CrossRef - Curcumin Inhibits HGF-Induced EMT by Regulating c-MET-Dependent PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways in Meningioma
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- Effects of Fixation and Storage of Human Tissue Samples on Nucleic Acid Preservation
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Soo Kyung Nam, Joon Im, Yoonjin Kwak, Nayoung Han, Kyung Han Nam, An Na Seo, Hye Seung Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(1):36-42. Published online February 25, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.1.36
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Abstract
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- Background
Because of recent advances in the molecular diagnosis of cancer patients, tissue quality has become more important in daily practice. MethodsTo evaluate the effects of fixative, duration of fixation, decalcification, and storage periods on nucleic acid integrity, DNA and RNA were extracted from gastrointestinal cancer tissue. The yield and purity were analyzed, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; 60 bp), β-actin (148 bp), and human growth hormone (hGH; 434 bp) and real-time reverse transcription-PCR for β-actin (97 bp) were performed. ResultsAll formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and methacarn-fixed paraffin-embedded (MFPE) samples tested positive for GAPDH and β-actin by PCR. hGH was successfully detected in all MFPE samples, but in only 46.7% of the FFPE samples. Prolonged formalin fixation resulted in fewer GAPDH and β-actin PCR products, and amplification of hGH was not successful. The PCR and reverse transcription-PCR results were significantly affected by the duration of decalcification. The yield, purity, and integrity of mRNA progressively decreased with increased storage periods of paraffin blocks. ConclusionsFixation and storage should therefore be standardized in order to improve the quality of molecular pathologic diagnosis.
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- Immunohistochemical Classification of Primary and Secondary Glioblastomas
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Kyu Sang Lee, Gheeyoung Choe, Kyung Han Nam, An Na Seo, Sumi Yun, Kyung Ju Kim, Hwa Jin Cho, Sung Hye Park
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Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(6):541-548. Published online December 24, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.6.541
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Abstract
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- Background
Glioblastomas may develop de novo (primary glioblastomas, P-GBLs) or through progression from lower-grade astrocytomas (secondary glioblastomas, S-GBLs). The aim of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical classification of glioblastomas with clinically determined P-GBLs and S-GBLs to identify the best combination of antibodies for immunohistochemical classification. MethodsWe evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p53, and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH-1) in 150 glioblastoma cases. ResultsAccording to clinical history, the glioblastomas analyzed in this study consisted of 146 P-GBLs and 4 S-GBLs. Immunohistochemical expression of EGFR, p53, and IDH-1 was observed in 62.6%, 49.3%, and 11.1%, respectively. Immunohistochemical profiles of EGFR(+)/p53(-), IDH-1(-)/EGFR(+)/p53(-), and EGFR(-)/p53(+) were noted in 41.3%, 40.2%, and 28.7%, respectively. Expression of IDH-1 and EGFR(-)/p53(+) was positively correlated with young age. The typical immunohistochemical features of S-GBLs comprised IDH-1(+)/EGFR(-)/p53(+), and were noted in 3.6% of clinically P-GBLs. The combination of IDH-1(-) or EGFR(+) was the best set of immunohistochemical stains for identifying P-GBLs, whereas the combination of IDH-1(+) and EGFR(-) was best for identifying S-GBLs. ConclusionsWe recommend a combination of IDH-1 and EGFR for immunohistochemical classification of glioblastomas. We expect our results to be useful for determining treatment strategies for glioblastoma patients.
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