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Original Articles
Current state of cytopathology residency training: a Korean national survey of pathologists
Uiju Cho, Tae Jung Kim, Wan Seop Kim, Kyo Young Lee, Hye Kyoung Yoon, Hyun Joo Choi
J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(2):95-101.   Published online March 14, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.01.06
  • 959 View
  • 61 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
Although the Korean Society for Cytopathology has developed educational goals as guidelines for cytopathology education in Korea, there is still no systematic approach to cytopathology education status for pathology residents. Furthermore, satisfaction with cytopathology education and with the outcome of the current training/educational program has not been investigated in Korea. This study aimed to obtain comprehensive data on the current state of cytopathology education for residents and evaluate education outcomes.
Methods
An online survey was conducted in December 2020 for the board-certified pathologists and training residents registered as members of the Korean Society for Cytopathology. The questionnaire comprised questions that investigated the current status of cytopathology at each training institution, the degree of satisfaction with the work and education related to cytopathology, outcomes of cytopathology training, and educational accomplishments.
Results
Of the participants surveyed, 12.3% (132/1,075) completed the questionnaire, and 36.8% (32/87) of cytopathology residents participated. The mean overall satisfaction with cytopathology education was 3.1 points (on a 1- to 5-point scale, 5: very satisfied). The most frequent suggestion among the free description format responses was to expand educational opportunities, such as online education opportunities, outside of the individual institutions.
Conclusions
Our results showed that cytopathology training in Korea needs further improvement. We expect that this study will inform systematic training of competent medical personnel armed with broad cytopathology knowledge and strong problem-solving abilities.
Current status of cytopathology practice in Korea: impact of the coronavirus pandemic on cytopathology practice
Soon Auck Hong, Haeyoen Jung, Sung Sun Kim, Min-Sun Jin, Jung-Soo Pyo, Ji Yun Jeong, Younghee Choi, Gyungyub Gong, Yosep Chong
J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(6):361-369.   Published online October 27, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.09.21
  • 1,874 View
  • 87 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
The Continuous Quality Improvement program for cytopathology in 2020 was completed during the coronavirus pandemic. In this study, we report the result of the quality improvement program.
Methods
Data related to cytopathology practice from each institute were collected and processed at the web-based portal. The proficiency test was conducted using glass slides and whole-slide images (WSIs). Evaluation of the adequacy of gynecology (GYN) slides from each institution and submission of case glass slides and WSIs for the next quality improvement program were performed.
Results
A total of 214 institutions participated in the annual cytopathology survey in 2020. The number of entire cytopathology specimens was 8,220,650, a reduction of 19.0% from the 10,111,755 specimens evaluated in 2019. Notably, the number of respiratory cytopathology specimens, including sputum and bronchial washing/ brushing significantly decreased by 86.9% from 2019, which could be attributed to the global pandemic of coronavirus disease. The ratio of cases with atypical squamous cells to squamous intraepithelial lesions was 4.10. All participating institutions passed the proficiency test and the evaluation of adequacy of GYN slides.
Conclusions
Through the Continuous Quality Improvement program, the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, manifesting with a reduction in the number of cytologic examinations, especially in respiratory-related specimen has been identified. The Continuous Quality Improvement Program of the Korean Society for Cytopathology can serve as the gold standard to evaluate the current status of cytopathology practice in Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A stepwise approach to fine needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes
    Yosep Chong, Gyeongsin Park, Hee Jeong Cha, Hyun-Jung Kim, Chang Suk Kang, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Seung-Sook Lee
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(4): 196.     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic proficiency test using digital cytopathology and comparative assessment of whole slide images of cytologic samples for quality assurance program in Korea
    Yosep Chong, Soon Auck Hong, Hoon Kyu Oh, Soo Jin Jung, Bo-Sung Kim, Ji Yun Jeong, Ho-Chang Lee, Gyungyub Gong
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(5): 251.     CrossRef
Current status of cytopathology practices in Korea: annual report on the Continuous Quality Improvement program of the Korean Society for Cytopathology for 2018
Yosep Chong, Haeyoen Jung, Jung-Soo Pyo, Soon Won Hong, Hoon Kyu Oh
J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(4):318-331.   Published online April 15, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.02.26
  • 4,481 View
  • 104 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
The Korean Society for Cytopathology has conducted the Continuous Quality Improvement program for cytopathology laboratories in Korea since 1995. In 2018 as part of the program, an annual survey of cytologic data was administered to determine the current status of cytopathology practices in Korea. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 211 cytopathology laboratories. Individual laboratories submitted their annual statistics regarding cytopathology practices, diagnoses of gynecologic samples, inadequacy rates, and gynecologic cytology-histology correlation review (CHCR) data for 2018. In addition, proficiency tests and sample adequacy assessments were conducted using five consequent gynecologic slides. Results: Over 10 million cytologic exams were performed in 2018, and this number has almost tripled since this survey was first conducted in 2004 (compounded annual growth rate of 7.2%). The number of non-gynecologic samples has increased gradually over time and comprised 24% of all exams. The overall unsatisfactory rate was 0.14%. The ratio of the cases with atypical squamous cells to squamous intraepithelial lesions accounted for up to 4.24. The major discrepancy rate of the CHCR in gynecologic samples was 0.52%. In the proficiency test, the major discrepancy rate was approximately 1%. In the sample adequacy assessment, a discrepancy was observed in 0.1% of cases. Conclusions: This study represents the current status of cytopathology practices in Korea, illustrating the importance of the Continuous Quality Improvement program for increasing the accuracy and credibility of cytopathologic exams as well as developing national cancer exam guidelines and government projects on the prevention and treatment of cancer.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Diagnostic proficiency test using digital cytopathology and comparative assessment of whole slide images of cytologic samples for quality assurance program in Korea
    Yosep Chong, Soon Auck Hong, Hoon Kyu Oh, Soo Jin Jung, Bo-Sung Kim, Ji Yun Jeong, Ho-Chang Lee, Gyungyub Gong
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(5): 251.     CrossRef
  • Recent Application of Artificial Intelligence in Non-Gynecological Cancer Cytopathology: A Systematic Review
    Nishant Thakur, Mohammad Rizwan Alam, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Yosep Chong
    Cancers.2022; 14(14): 3529.     CrossRef
  • Re-Increasing Trends in Thyroid Cancer Incidence after a Short Period of Decrease in Korea: Reigniting the Debate on Ultrasound Screening
    Chan Kwon Jung, Ja Seong Bae, Young Joo Park
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(5): 816.     CrossRef
  • Current status of cytopathology practice in Korea: impact of the coronavirus pandemic on cytopathology practice
    Soon Auck Hong, Haeyoen Jung, Sung Sun Kim, Min-Sun Jin, Jung-Soo Pyo, Ji Yun Jeong, Younghee Choi, Gyungyub Gong, Yosep Chong
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2022; 56(6): 361.     CrossRef
Continuous quality improvement program and its results of Korean Society for Cytopathology
Yoo-Duk Choi, Hoon-Kyu Oh, Su-Jin Kim, Kyung-Hee Kim, Yun-Kyung Lee, Bo-Sung Kim, Eun-Jeong Jang, Yoon-Jung Choi, Eun-Kyung Han, Dong-Hoon Kim, Younghee Choi, Chan-Kwon Jung, Sung-Nam Kim, Kyueng-Whan Min, Seok-Jin Yoon, Hun-Kyung Lee, Kyung Un Choi, Hye Kyoung Yoon
J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(3):246-252.   Published online April 15, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.02.22
  • 4,285 View
  • 118 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Since 1995, the Korean Society for Cytopathology has overseen the Continuous Quality Improvement program for cytopathology laboratories. The Committee of Quality Improvement has carried out an annual survey of cytology data for each laboratory and set standards for proficiency tests. Methods: Evaluations were conducted four times per year from 2008 to 2018 and comprised statistics regarding cytology diagnoses of previous years, proficiency tests using cytology slides provided by the committee, assessment of adequacy of gynecology (GYN) cytology slides, and submission of cytology slides for proficiency tests. Results: A total of 206 institutes participated in 2017, and the results were as follows. The number of cytology tests increased from year to year. The ratio of liquid-based cytology in GYN gradually decreased, as most of the GYN cytology had been performed at commercial laboratories. The distribution of GYN diagnoses demonstrated nearly 3.0% as atypical squamous cells. The rate for squamous cell carcinoma was less than 0.02%. The atypical squamous cell/squamous intraepithelial lesion ratio was about 3:1 and showed an upward trend. The major discordant rate of cytology-histology in GYN cytology was less than 1%. The proficiency test maintained a major discordant rate less than 2%. The rate of inappropriate specimens for GYN cytology slides gradually decreased. Conclusions: The Continuous Quality Improvement program should be included in quality assurance programs. Moreover, these data can contribute to development of national cancer examination guidelines and facilitate cancer prevention and treatment.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Diagnostic proficiency test using digital cytopathology and comparative assessment of whole slide images of cytologic samples for quality assurance program in Korea
    Yosep Chong, Soon Auck Hong, Hoon Kyu Oh, Soo Jin Jung, Bo-Sung Kim, Ji Yun Jeong, Ho-Chang Lee, Gyungyub Gong
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(5): 251.     CrossRef
  • Re-Increasing Trends in Thyroid Cancer Incidence after a Short Period of Decrease in Korea: Reigniting the Debate on Ultrasound Screening
    Chan Kwon Jung, Ja Seong Bae, Young Joo Park
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(5): 816.     CrossRef
  • Current status of cytopathology practice in Korea: impact of the coronavirus pandemic on cytopathology practice
    Soon Auck Hong, Haeyoen Jung, Sung Sun Kim, Min-Sun Jin, Jung-Soo Pyo, Ji Yun Jeong, Younghee Choi, Gyungyub Gong, Yosep Chong
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2022; 56(6): 361.     CrossRef
Current Cytology Practices in Korea: A Nationwide Survey by the Korean Society for Cytopathology
Eun Ji Oh, Chan Kwon Jung, Dong-Hoon Kim, Han Kyeom Kim, Wan Seop Kim, So-Young Jin, Hye Kyoung Yoon
J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(6):579-587.   Published online September 27, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.08.11
  • 6,764 View
  • 163 Download
  • 12 Web of Science
  • 13 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Limited data are available on the current status of cytology practices in Korea. This nationwide study presents Korean cytology statistics from 2015.
Methods
A nationwide survey was conducted in 2016 as a part of the mandatory quality-control program by the Korean Society for Cytopathology. The questionnaire was sent to 208 medical institutions performing cytopathologic examinations in Korea. Individual institutions were asked to submit their annual cytology statistical reports and gynecologic cytology-histology correlation data for 2015.
Results
Responses were obtained from 206 medical institutions including 83 university hospitals, 87 general hospitals, and 36 commercial laboratories. A total of 8,284,952 cytologic examinations were performed in 2015, primarily in commercial laboratories (74.9%). The most common cytology specimens were gynecologic samples (81.3%). Conventional smears and liquid-based cytology were performed in 6,190,526 (74.7%) and 2,094,426 (25.3%) cases, respectively. The overall diagnostic concordance rate between cytologic and histologic diagnoses of uterine cervical samples was 70.5%. Discordant cases were classified into three categories: category A (minimal clinical impact, 17.4%), category B (moderate clinical impact, 10.2%), and category C (major clinical impact, 1.9%). The ratio of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance to squamous intraepithelial lesion was 1.6 in university hospitals, 2.9 in general hospitals, and 4.9 in commercial laboratories.
Conclusions
This survey reveals the current status and trend of cytology practices in Korea. The results of this study can serve as basic data for the establishment of nationwide cytopathology policies and quality improvement guidelines in Korean medical institutions.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Current state of cytopathology residency training: a Korean national survey of pathologists
    Uiju Cho, Tae Jung Kim, Wan Seop Kim, Kyo Young Lee, Hye Kyoung Yoon, Hyun Joo Choi
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(2): 95.     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic proficiency test using digital cytopathology and comparative assessment of whole slide images of cytologic samples for quality assurance program in Korea
    Yosep Chong, Soon Auck Hong, Hoon Kyu Oh, Soo Jin Jung, Bo-Sung Kim, Ji Yun Jeong, Ho-Chang Lee, Gyungyub Gong
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(5): 251.     CrossRef
  • Recent Application of Artificial Intelligence in Non-Gynecological Cancer Cytopathology: A Systematic Review
    Nishant Thakur, Mohammad Rizwan Alam, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Yosep Chong
    Cancers.2022; 14(14): 3529.     CrossRef
  • Re-Increasing Trends in Thyroid Cancer Incidence after a Short Period of Decrease in Korea: Reigniting the Debate on Ultrasound Screening
    Chan Kwon Jung, Ja Seong Bae, Young Joo Park
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(5): 816.     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic distribution and pitfalls of glandular abnormalities in cervical cytology: a 25-year single-center study
    Jung-A Sung, Ilias P. Nikas, Haeryoung Kim, Han Suk Ryu, Cheol Lee
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2022; 56(6): 354.     CrossRef
  • Current status of cytopathology practice in Korea: impact of the coronavirus pandemic on cytopathology practice
    Soon Auck Hong, Haeyoen Jung, Sung Sun Kim, Min-Sun Jin, Jung-Soo Pyo, Ji Yun Jeong, Younghee Choi, Gyungyub Gong, Yosep Chong
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2022; 56(6): 361.     CrossRef
  • Systematic screening for cervical cancer in Dakar region: prevalence and correlation with biological and socio-demographic parameters
    Dominique Diouf, Gora Diop, Cheikh Ahmadou Tidian Diarra, Aminata Issa Ngom, Khadija Niane, Moussa Ndiaye, Sidy Ka, Oumar Faye, Ahmadou Dem
    Infectious Agents and Cancer.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Continuous quality improvement program and its results of Korean Society for Cytopathology
    Yoo-Duk Choi, Hoon-Kyu Oh, Su-Jin Kim, Kyung-Hee Kim, Yun-Kyung Lee, Bo-Sung Kim, Eun-Jeong Jang, Yoon-Jung Choi, Eun-Kyung Han, Dong-Hoon Kim, Younghee Choi, Chan-Kwon Jung, Sung-Nam Kim, Kyueng-Whan Min, Seok-Jin Yoon, Hun-Kyung Lee, Kyung Un Choi, Hye
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2020; 54(3): 246.     CrossRef
  • Current status of cytopathology practices in Korea: annual report on the Continuous Quality Improvement program of the Korean Society for Cytopathology for 2018
    Yosep Chong, Haeyoen Jung, Jung-Soo Pyo, Soon Won Hong, Hoon Kyu Oh
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2020; 54(4): 318.     CrossRef
  • Current Status of and Perspectives on Cervical Cancer Screening in Korea
    Sung-Chul Lim, Chong Woo Yoo
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2019; 53(4): 210.     CrossRef
  • Cytomorphological Features of Hyperchromatic Crowded Groups in Liquid-Based Cervicovaginal Cytology: A Single Institutional Experience
    Youngeun Lee, Cheol Lee, In Ae Park, Hyoung Jin An, Haeryoung Kim
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2019; 53(6): 393.     CrossRef
  • Comparison Study of the Adequacy and Pain Scale of Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of Solid Thyroid Nodules with a 21- or 23-Gauge Needle for Liquid-Based Cytology: a Single-Center Study
    Soo Jin Jung, Dong Wook Kim, Hye Jin Baek
    Endocrine Pathology.2018; 29(1): 30.     CrossRef
  • Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Practice in Korea
    Yoon Jin Cha, Ju Yeon Pyo, SoonWon Hong, Jae Yeon Seok, Kyung-Ju Kim, Jee-Young Han, Jeong Mo Bae, Hyeong Ju Kwon, Yeejeong Kim, Kyueng-Whan Min, Soonae Oak, Sunhee Chang
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2017; 51(6): 521.     CrossRef
Analysis of Surgical Pathology Data in the HIRA Database: Emphasis on Current Status and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Specimens
Sun-ju Byeon, Woo Ho Kim
J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(3):204-210.   Published online April 4, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.03.04
  • 7,528 View
  • 68 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
In Korea, medical institutions make claims for insurance reimbursement to the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). Thus, HIRA databases reflect the general medical services that are provided in Korea. We conducted two pathology-related studies using a HIRA national patient sample (NPS) data (selection probability, 0.03). First, we evaluated the current status of general pathologic examination in Korea. Second, we evaluated pathologic issues associated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).
Methods
The sample data used in this study was HIRA-NPS-2013-0094.
Results
In the NPS dataset, 163,372 pathologic examinations were performed in 103,528 patients during the year 2013. Considering sampling weight (33.3), it is estimated that 5,440,288 (163,372 × 33.3) pathologic examinations were performed. Internal medicine and general surgery were the most common departments requesting pathologic examinations. The region performing pathologic examinations were different according to type of medical institution. In total, 490 patients underwent ESD, and 43.4% (213/490) underwent ESD due to gastric carcinoma. The results of the ESD led to a change in disease code for 10.5% (29/277) of non-gastric carcinoma patients. In addition, 21 patients (4.3%) underwent surgery following the ESD. The average period between ESD and surgery was 44 days.
Conclusions
HIRA sample data provide the nation-wide landscape of specific procedure. However, in order to reduce the statistical error, further studies using entire HIRA data are needed.

Citations

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  • Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and Gastric Cancer Claims in South Korea: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study
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    Sun-ju Byeon
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2017; 51(2): 137.     CrossRef
Brief Case Report
Malignant Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor of the Uterus with Lung Metastasis
Jeong Bae Kang, Jin Won Seo, Young-Han Park, Pong Rheem Jang
Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(6):454-457.   Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.6.454
  • 7,296 View
  • 28 Download
  • 2 Crossref
PDF

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A Retrospective Case Study of 13 Uterine Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasm (PEComa) Patients
    Jiahui Gu, Wantong Wang, Shizhuo Wang
    OncoTargets and Therapy.2021; Volume 14: 1783.     CrossRef
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    Andres Martin Acosta, Brian P. Adley
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Original Articles
Preparation of Compact Agarose Cell Blocks from the Residues of Liquid-Based Cytology Samples
Suk Jin Choi, Yeon Il Choi, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu
Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(5):351-360.   Published online October 27, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.5.351
  • 13,127 View
  • 294 Download
  • 19 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background: Inevitable loss of diagnostic material should be minimized during cell block preparation. We introduce a modified agarose cell block technique that enables the synthesis of compact cell blocks by using the entirety of a cell pellet without the loss of diagnostic material during cell block preparations. The feasibility of this technique is illustrated by high-throughput immunocytochemistry using high-density cell block microarray (CMA). Methods: The cell pellets of Sure- Path residues were pre-embedded in ultra-low gelling temperature agarose gel and re-embedded in standard agarose gel. They were fixed, processed, and embedded in paraffin using the same method as tissue sample processing. The resulting agarose cell blocks were trimmed and represented on a CMA for high-throughput analysis using immunocytochemical staining. Results: The SurePath residues were effectively and entirely incorporated into compact agarose cell buttons and embedded in paraffin. Sections of the agarose cell blocks revealed cellularities that correlated well with corresponding SurePath smears and had immunocytochemical features that were sufficient for diagnosis of difficult cases. Conclusions: This agarose-based compact cell block technique enables preparation of high-quality cell blocks by using up the residual SurePath samples without loss of diagnostic material during cell block preparation.

Citations

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Cytopathologic Diagnosis of Pulmonary Diseases by Transthoracic Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy.
In Ae Park, Eui Keun Ham
Korean J Cytopathol. 1990;1(1):27-35.
  • 1,439 View
  • 20 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
The authors report series of 360 cases of transthoracic fine-needle aspiration cytology(TFNA) from Oct, 1982, through Aug. 1986 at the Seoul National University Hospital. A diagnosis of neoplastic lesion was established in 50.3% of the cases. A non-neoplastic diagnosis was made in 38.5%, nondiagnostic one in 6.5% and inadequate one in 4.7% of the total. Statistical findings on cytological diagnoses were as follows. Specificity was 100% ; sensitivity, 92%; predictive value for positive, 1.0 ; predicitive value for negative, 0.9 : concordance rate, 84.2% ; diagnostic accuracy in non-neoplastic lesion, 65.4%, and typing accuracy in malignant tumor, 0.77.
Cytohistopathologic comparative study of aspiration biopsy cytology from various sites.
Hyo Sook Park
Korean J Cytopathol. 1991;2(1):8-19.
  • 1,994 View
  • 14 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
A statistical analysis of the diagnostic value for 244 aspiration biopsy cytology(ABC) among a total 1,043 cases from various sites was performed. ABC, using diagnostic terminology similar to that of a surgical pathology reports, was compared to the final tissue diagnosis. For the entire series, a sensitivity of 91.8%, a specificity of 99.3%, a positive predictive value of 98.9%, a negative predictive value of 94.8%, and an efficacy of the test of 96.3% were shown. There were 8 false negative and 1 false positive diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy was 89.8%. Those results indicate that the ABC is a considerably highly accurate procedure that should be routinely employed.

J Pathol Transl Med : Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine