- Analysis of Gene Expression in Renal Cell Carcinomas Using cDNA Microarray: Reduced Expression of Decorin in Renal Cell Carcinomas.
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Jin Sook Lee, Kang Suek Suh, Kyung Un Choi, Jee Yeun Kim, Do Youn Park
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Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(4):232-238.
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- BACKGROUND
Identification of the genes expressed differentially in renal cell carcinoma (RCC)but not in the non-cancerous kidney is important for understanding the molecular basis ofrenal cell carcinoma and for defining possible prognostic value and therapeutic intervention.We investigated the changes in gene expression accompanying the development and progression of kidney cancer by cDNA microarrays.
METHODS
To identify molecular alterations in renal cell carcinoma, we measured expression profiles for paired neoplastic and noncancerouskidney samples from an individual by means of a cDNA microarry representing 7, 500genes. Of the differentially expressed genes, we assessed the decorin gene at the proteinlevel using immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS
The 60 genes were noted to have more than a fivefold change in expression (either increased or decreased) in RCC compared to the noncancerouskidney. The changed genes are those associated with signal transduction, metabolizingenzymes, the cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, cell cycle control, modulation of transcription, the tumor suppressor gene and tumor antigens. Under immunohistochemistry, the expressionof decorin was significantly decreased in the tumor than in the non-cancerous kidney.The expression rate of decorin was not associated with the patient's sex, age, histologic type, Fuhrmann nuclear grade and T stage.
CONCLUSION
The author predicted that these geneexpression profiling experiments will lead to improvements in the basic understanding of renaltumor pathogenesis and will promote the discovery of novel molecular markers for renal tumordiagnosis and therapy.
- Experimental Liver Disease Models of Rats: Morphological Characteristics.
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Do Youn Park, Kang Suek Suh
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Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(3):151-158.
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- Experimental liver disease models of rats have many similarities with those of humans, especially in morphological characteristics. Rat liver disease models can be categorized as models of hepatic fibrosis, hepatic stem cell and hepatocarcinogenesis. The purpose of this article is to review experimental liver disease models, with a major emphasis on morphologic features, including routine morphological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic features.
- Expression of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 alpha Protein in Stages I and II Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Uterine Cervix: Relationship with p53 Protein and VEGF Expressions.
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Dong Soo Suh, Chang Hun Lee, Kang Suek Suh, Man Soo Yoon
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Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(2):79-86.
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- BACKGROUND
Under hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) is known to activate the expression of various genes, including angiogenesis-related genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of HIF-1alpha protein and its relationship with p53 protein expression and angiogenesis in the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the uterine cervix.
METHODS
Using immunohistochemical methods, the expression of HIF-1alpha protein, p53 protein, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and microvessel count were evaluated in seventy cases of FIGO stages I and II SCC; and their results were compared with age, stage, and pelvic lymph node metastasis.
RESULTS
Positive nuclear staining for HIF-1alpha protein was noted in 19 cases (27.1%). Carcinoma in situ or dysplastic lesions also revealed positive nuclear reaction along the lower part of the epithelium. The expression of HIF-1alpha protein was significantly related with those of p53 protein and VEGF (p<0.05), but not with other clinicopathologic parameters. The microvessel count showed a significant difference regarding stage and VEGF expression (pand<0.05).
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that HIF-1alpha expression in SCCs of the uterine cervix might be the early event of carcinogenesis and could be associated with p53 protein and VEGF expression. However, the prognostic significance of HIF-1alpha expression in stages I and II SCCs is undetermined.
- Smad4 Expression in Gastric Adenocarcinoma.
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Hyeon Ok Kim, Do Youn Park, Kang Suek Suh
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Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(2):93-99.
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- BACKGROUND
The role of Smad4 in carcinogenesis is important, because of its function as a central mediator of TGF-beta signaling. In the present study we analyzed the expressions of Smad4 mRNA and protein in human gastric cancer cell lines and tissues and we also analyzed their clinicopathological significance.
METHODS
We used semi-quantitative RT-PCR for Smad4 mRNA expression in 13 cases of fresh gastric cancer tissues and two gastric cancer cell lines (MKN-28, SNU-1). We also used immunohistochemistry for Smad4 protein expression in 88 cases of formalin fixed gastric cancers tissues.
RESULTS
The mRNA level of Smad4 was higher in MKN-28 cell line (intestinal type) than in the SNU-1 cell line (diffuse type). Fresh frozen gastric cancer tissues showed that the intestinal type of gastric cancer had higher Smad4 mRNA expressions than the diffuse type of gastric cancer (p<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining for Smad4 revealed that cytoplasmic and nuclear expressions of Smad4 were significantly correlated with histologic types of gastric cancer (p<0.05). That is, the intestinal type of gastric cancer showed more cytoplasmic and nuclear smad4 expressions than did the diffuse type of gastric cancer. Reduced cytoplasmic expressions and positive nuclear expressions of Smad4 were more prominent in the advanced gastric cancer than in the early gastric cancer.
CONCLUSION
Taken together, we suggest that loss of Smad4 expression might be associated with the intestinal type of gastric cancer. Also reduced cytoplasmic Smad4 expressions and increased nuclear Smad4 expressions may be associated with the advanced stage of gastric cancer.
- Expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-betatype II Receptor in Chemically Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis of the Rat.
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Do Youn Park, Kang Woo Park, Kang Suek Suh
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Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(2):121-128.
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- BACKGROUND
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 inhibits hepatocyte proliferation by inducing apoptosis. Expression of TGF-beta1 is tightly associated with the TGF-betatype II receptor (TGR2) expression level, and has been regarded as an important change of TGF-beta1 and TGR2 during hepatocarcinogenesis. We investigated the gene expressions and protein localizations of TGF-beta1 and TGR2 in chemical hepatocarcinogenesis.
METHODS
Solt and Farber's method was used as the chemical hepatocarcinogenesis model of the rat. Northern blot analyses and immunohistochemistry for TGF-beta1 and TGR2 were performed to investigate the gene expressions and protein localizations, respectively.
RESULTS
The Northern blot analyses showed a slight increase of TGF-beta1 transcripts one month after partial hepatectomy, which is more than in sham operated control liver, and a decrease of transcripts for TGR2 two months after partial hepatectomy. The number of TGF-beta-positive preneoplastic hepatocytes was increased and correlated with the increase of the number of TGR2 negative hepatocytes or reduction of expressions of TGR2 in preneoplastic lesions.
HCC tissues showed an increase of TGF-beta1 protein expressions and a decrease of TGR2 compared to the adjacent liver parenchyme.
CONCLUSION
Our data suggest that down regulation of TGR2 in preneoplastic lesions and HCC might contribute to the resistance to the growth inhibitory effects of TGF-beta.
- Cytologic Features of Fine Needle Aspirates of Hyalinizing Trabecular Adenoma with Occult Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid.
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Kyung Un Choi, Jee Yeon Kim, Jin Sook Lee, Do Youn Park, Chang Hoon Lee, Mee Young So, Kang Suek Suh
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Korean J Cytopathol. 2003;14(1):7-11.
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- Hyalinizing trabecular adenoma of the thyroid gland is a rare benign neoplasm predominantly diagnosed in middle-aged women. Carney et al. first described this entity that may mimic paraganglioma, medullary carcinoma and papillary carcinoma in 1987. We describe cytologic and histopathologic features of a case of hyalinizing trabecular adenoma combined with occult papillary carcinoma in the opposite lobe. A 55-year-old woman presented with nontender palpable mass of the right neck for 6 months. The aspirate was cellular and contained small clusters and sheets of epithelial cells with abundant filamentous, vacuolated, and ill-defined cytoplasm. The nuclei were slightly pleomorphic and showed nuclear overlapping, nuclear grooves, and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions. Histologic examination showed hyalinizing trabecular adenoma in the right lobe and occult papillary carcinoma in the left lobe.
- Expression of Fas/Fas Ligand and Its Relationship with Apoptosis in Chemically Induced Preneoplastic Lesions in Rat Liver.
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Hye Jin Lee, Do Youn Park, Kyung Un Choi, Jee Yeon Kim, Chang Hun Lee, Mee Young Sol, Kang Suek Suh
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Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(5):383-390.
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- BACKGROUND
Apoptosis of hepatocytes plays a major role in experimental hepatocarcinogenesis of rats. But sequential change and localization of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) in preneoplastic lesions and the relationship with apoptosis are not clearly elucidated.
METHODS
We investigated sequential change and localization of Fas/FasL and its relationship to apoptosis in preneoplastic lesions of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in rats using northern blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase end labeling (TUNEL) assay.
RESULTS
We found that mRNA of Fas and Fas ligand increased for up to 42 days and 14 days after partial hepatectomy, respectively, and thereafter decreased with time. Fas protein was localized on the cytoplasm of hepatocytes of preneoplastic lesions, as well as on the cytoplasmic membrane of the adjacent liver parenchyme. Fas negative preneoplastic lesions were evident at 42 days after partial hepatectomy. FasL protein was found only in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes of preneoplastic lesions, instead of in the adjacent liver parenchyme. FasL-positive hepatocytes increased with time for up to 14 days after partial hepatectomy and therafter decreased. Also, TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells increased with time and were more numerous in the adjacent liver parenchyme than in the preneoplastic lesions.
CONCLUSIONS
It was suggested that Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis might be one of the major mechanisms for controlling apoptotic cell death in the promotion stage of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis.
- Primary Extragastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (EGIST) of the Greater Omentum.
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Kyung Un Choi, Jee Yeun Kim, Do Youn Park, Chang Hun Lee, Mee Young Sol, Kang Suek Suh, Jun Woo Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(4):347-350.
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- Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) were recently defined as spindle cell, epithelioid, or occasionally, pleomorphic mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract that express the CD117 (proto-oncogene c-kit protein, stem cell factor receptor), as detected using immunohistochemistry. And they show a new tendency to include the CD117-positive mesenchymal spindle cell or epithelioid neoplasms primary in the omentum and mesentery, and is so termed extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs). Omental EGISTs are very rare and similar to their gastrointestinal counterpart. We present a case of primary EGIST of the greater omentum in a 58-year-old man. The resected tumor mass measured 20X15X5 cm and weighed 1,150 g.
The cut surface displayed a central cystic change and partial mural nodules. Microscopically, most parts of the tumor were composed of round or polygonal cells, with many of them containing perinuclear vacuoles. The mitotic count was less than one per 50 high-power-fields.
Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were diffusely positive for CD117 and vimentin, and focally for smooth muscle actin and CD34. Ultrastructurally, partially smooth muscle differentiation was confirmed in this case.
- VEGF Expression and Angiogenesis in Uterine Cervical Carcinomas.
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Jin Sook Lee, Kang Suek Suh
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Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(2):96-102.
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Abstract
- Angiogenesis is a critical factor in the progression of solid tumors, including cervical cancers. The mechanisms responsible for angiogenesis in uterine cervical neoplasia are not well defined. To determine the relationship between angiogenesis and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cervical neoplasia, the author studied 63 cases of the cervical neoplasia diagnosed between the years 1993 to 1997 at Pusan National University Hospital. The expression of VEGF was semiquantitatively analyzed in paraffin sections by immunohistochemical method.
Histologic sections immunostained for factor VIII-related antigen were evaluated for microvessel density. Increased expression of VEGF and microvessel counts was significantly correlated with depth of invasion. Increased microvessel counts were also significantly associated with increased VEGF expression. These results suggest that VEGF is an important angiogenic factor and associated with progression of the cervical neoplasia.
- Primary MALT(mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) Type Lymphoma of the Liver.
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Do Youn Park, Jee Yeon Kim, Hyo Jeong Chae, Jin Sook Lee, Chang Hun Lee, Mee Young Sol, Kang Suek Suh, Sun Kyung Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(12):1317-1319.
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- Primary non-Hodgkin' lymphomas of the liver, an organ normally devoid of a native lymphoid tissue, are very rare.
We recently experienced a case of a primary low-grade hepatic B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type in a 36-year-old woman. The ultrasonography revealed a 5 cm sized mass in the right lobe of the liver. A right segmentectomy of the liver was done and showed a relatively well-circumscribed brownish yellow lobulated homogenous mass, measuring 5.5x4.5 cm in size. Histologic sections of liver mass revealed large lymphoid follicles with reactive germinal centers, follicular colonization by centrocyte-like cells (CCL cells), and lymphoepithelial lesions. The CCL cells were positive for B-cell (CD20), LCA (CD45RA), Bcl-2 oncoprotein, and lambda light chain.
- Immunohistochemical Study on the Expression of p53 and Bcl-2 Proteins in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinomas.
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Ok Ju Lee, Do Youn Park, Kang Suek Suh
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Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(9):823-831.
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- To address the possible prognostic value of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), the authors studied 43 cases of NSCLCs diagnosed between the years 1990 to 1995 at Pusan National University Hospital.
The patients were treated either by pneumonectomy or lobectomy of the lung. The expression of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins was semiquantitatively analyzed in paraffin sections by immunohistochemical method and correlated with clinicopathologic prognostic parameters of NSCLCs.
Overexpression of the p53 protein was found in 31 cases (72.1%) of the 43 NSCLCs. Overexpression of the p53 protein was significantly correlated with the decreasing degree of histologic differentiation, increasing tumor stage, and cigarette smoking. Bcl-2 expression was found in 19 cases (44.2%) of the 43 NSCLCs. Increased expression of the Bcl-2 protein was significantly correlated only with decreasing tumor stage. An inverse relationship was found between p53 and Bcl-2 proteins, but it was not statistically significant. Thus p53 and Bcl-2 proteins, as demonstrated immunohistochemically in routine paraffin sections, could be of value in prediction of the aggressiveness and prognosis of NSCLCs, in agreement with the central role of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins in the evolution of NSCLCs associated with cigarette smoking.
- Expression of Epstein-Barr Virus Gene Products, Bcl-2 and p53 Proteins in Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas.
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Sun Hee Yoon, Kang Suek Suh, Chang Hun Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(8):723-734.
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- The authors studied EBV genome expression in 40 conventionally processed samples of nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC), using in situ hybridization for EBERs and immunohistochemistry for LMP, Bcl-2 and p53 proteins. The NPCs consisted of 6 keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas (KSCs), 13 nonkeratinizing carcinomas (NKCs) and 21 undifferentiated carcinomas (UCs). The results were summarized as follows: 1) EBERs were expressed in 80.0% of all the NPCs (32/40). As for the subtypes, they were detected in 92.3% of NKCs (12/13), in 90.5% of the UCs (19/21), and in 16.7% of the KSCs (1/6). In positive cases, the nuclei of tumor cells displayed uniformly strong staining. 2) LMP was expressed in 10.0% of all the NPCs (4/40), all of which were UC. The LMP expression in the UCs was not correlated to the expression of EBERs, Bcl-2 and p53 proteins. 3) Bcl-2 protein was detected in 85.0% of all the NPCs (34/40). As for the subtypes, they were detected in 92.3% of the NKCs (12/13), in 90.5% of the UCs (19/21), and in 50.0% of the KSCs (3/6). 4) p53 protein was detected in 75.0% of all the NPCs (30/40). As for the subtypes, they were detected in 81.0% of the UCs (17/21), in 69.2% of the NKCs (9/13), and in 66.7% of the KSCs (4/6). 5) In the NPCs the expression of EBER showed a significantly positive correlation with that of p53 or Bcl-2 protein. The above results indicate that the association of EBV with NPC is chiefly with poorly differentiated and undifferentiated carcinomas. Additionally, carcinomas commonly display widespread, strong immunoreactivity of Bcl-2 and p53 proteins over tumor cells. In conclusion, these observations indicate that the EBV-association in NPC appears to contribute to the overexpression of tumor-related genes during carcinogenesis.
- Cytologic Features and Distribution of Primary Sites of Malignant Cells in Body Cavity Fluids .
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Kang Suek Suh, Chang Hun Lee, Hyun Ok Kim
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Korean J Cytopathol. 1997;8(1):35-46.
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- The authors reviewed 167 malignant effusions from 110 patients, of which the primary site was established on the basis of either biopsy or surgical resection of the primary neoplasm. Main factors analysed were the distribution of primary organs and the cytohistologic correlation of body cavity effusions. The 167 fluid specimens from 110 patients consisted of 90 cases(53.9%) of pleural, 68(40.7%) of peritoneal, and 9(5.4%) of pericardial origins.
Histologically they consisted of 82 cases(74.5%) of adenocarcinoma, 8(7.3%) of malignant lymphoma, 6(5.5%) of squamous cell carcinoma, and 3(2.7%) of small cell carcinoma. The most common site among the primary lesions was the stomach in 25 cases(22.7%) followed by the lung in 21 (19.1%), ovary in 17(15.5%), and breast in 7(6.4%). As for the distribution of primary tumors in adenocarcinoma, the most common site was lung in 16 cases (48.5%) in pleural fluid and stomach in 22(48.9%) in peritoneal fluid. In pericardial effusions, all 5 cases were from the lung. As a whole, the cytologic findings of malignant effusion were fairly representative of histologic characteristics of primary lesions.
Thus, when the primary lesion is unknown, careful evaluation of effusion cytology is presumed to be a helpful tool for tracing the primary tumor.
- Epstein-Barr Viral RNA(EBERs) Expression in Conventional Malignant Lymphoma and Polymorphic Reticulosis of Upper Aerodigestive Tract.
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Do Youn Park, Kang Suek Suh, Sun Kyung Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(10):893-902.
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- The author examined the immunophenotype and expression of Epstem-Barr virus RNA (EBERs) used in the situ hybridization technique in 20 cases of conventional malignant lymphoma and 28 cases of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis occured in the upper aerodigestive tract including the upper digestive tract(palatine tonsil), and upper respiratory tract(nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, nasopharynx). The results obtained were summarized as followings; 1. The favorable site of malignant lymphoma that occured in the upper aerodigestive tract was in the palatine tonsil(11 out of 20 cases, 55%), those of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis were nasal cavity and nasopharynx(19 out of 28 cases, 78%). 2. The immunophentype of malignant lymphoma that occured in the upper aerodigestive tract was mostly B-cell phenotype (15 out of 20 cases, 75%), and that of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis was predominantly T-cell phenotype(22 out of 28 cases, 79%).
3. The EBERs positivity of malignant lymphoma that occured in the upper aerodigestive tract was 25%(5 out of 20 cases), but that of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis was 57%(16 out of 28 cases). 4. The positive cases for EBERs revealed angiocentricity with necrosis(16 out of 21 cases, 76%), predominantly T-cell phenotype(19 out of 21 cases, 90%), and favorably involved the nasal cavity and nasopharynx(16 out of 21 cases, 76%). Based on the above results, it was concluded that polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis that occurred in the upper respiratory tract was an EBV-positive angiocentric T-cell lymphoma favorably involving the nasal cavity and nasopharynx.
- Recurred Angiomyofibroblastoma of the Vulva: Report of a case.
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Do Youn Park, Ji Yeon Kim, OK Hyeon Kim, Hwa Sun Lee, Mee Young Sol, Kang Suek Suh, Sun Kyung Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(10):947-950.
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- Angiomyofibroblastoma is a rare, benign mesenchymal tumor of the vulva. Since it was described in 1992 by Fletcher, 15 cases have been reported in literature. We recently experienced a recurred angiomyofibroblastoma of the vulva.
A 45-year-old woman was presented initially in 1991 with a mass of labium major and local excision of tumor mass had been performed. A histologic diagnosis was made of angiomyxoma, but this diagnosis was revised to angiomyofibroblastoma by the authors. The recurred mass was well circumscribed, measuring 2.5x1.6x1.5cm in dimensions.
Microscopically the tumor was characterized by high cellularity, numerous blood vessels(which lack prominent hyalinization), and plump stromal cells.
Immunohistochemically, the stromal cells were reactive for vimentin and desmin, but not alpha-smooth muscle actin, or S-100 protein. We thought that this case was a recurred angiomyofibrblastoma of the vulva due to incomplete surgical excision.
- Correlation between Histopathologic Grade, Stage, and Degree of EGFR Expression in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder.
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Hyeon Ok Kim, Hwa Sun Lee, Kang Suek Suh
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Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(9):784-791.
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- This study was performed to estimate the correlation between the histopathological grade and the clinical stage, which are known as important prognostic factors, and EGFR expression status in 57 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. There was a significant correlation between the histopathological grade and clinical stage of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and between expression grades of EGFR and histopathological grades, or clinical stages of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Therefore, the presence of a high intensity of EGFR staining in the transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder was associated with poor differentiation and invasion. On the basis of the above results, it was suggested that the degree of EGFR expression is one of the objective and reliable prognostic factors in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
- "Chordoid" Meningioma with Systemic Manifestations of Castleman Syndrome: A case report.
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Hwa Sun Lee, Hweon Ok Kim, Do Youn Park, Mee Yeong Sol, Kang Suek Suh, Sun Kyung Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(3):255-260.
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- Chordoid meningioma is a recently established meningeal tumor and is characterized by a chordoma like histologic appearance, peritumoral lymphoplasma cell infiltrates causing systemic manifestations similar to Castleman syndrome and having a good prognosis. We experienced a case of chordoid meningioma in a 25 year-old woman. The patient preoperatively manifested iron-resistant hypochromic microcytic anemia, polyclonal gammopathy with beta-gamma bridging and detected a huge mass in the right temporo-parietal convexity of the brain. Microscopically, the mass was composed of nests and cords of cuboid, partly vacuolated cells in a mucoid matrix, simulating chordoma.
The tumor was surrounded by masses of lymphoplasma cells around vessels, many of the plasma cells contained Russell bodies. Ultrastructural findings showed intranuclear cytoplasmic invaginations, microvilli protruding from cytoplasmic surfaces and well formed desmosomes. Some portions of tumor cell surface were covered by stretches of basal lamina.
- Correlation between Nuclear Grades and the Numbers of AgNORs and PCNA Labeling Indices in Renal Cell Carcinoma.
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Hye Jin Lee, Young Im Han, Kang Suek Suh, Sun Kyung Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(2):132-139.
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- The author examined the number of AgNORs and PCNA labeling indices by histochemical and immunohistochemical studies in 20 cases of renal cell carcinoma, composed of 5 cases according to the nuclear grades. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1) Mean number of AgNORs according to the nuclear grades of renal cell carcinoma were 1.38+/-0.40 (mean+/-standard deviation) for Grade I, 2.53+/-0.33 for Grade II, 5.43+/-0.66 for Grade III, and 7.88+/-0.72 for Grade IV. The mean numbers of AgNORs according to the nuclear grades were significantly increased(p=0.0005). 2) PCNA labeling indices (positive nuclear ratio) according to the nuclear grades of renal cell carcinoma were 5.90+/-2.36 for Grade I, 19.30+/-6.71 for Grade II, 45.73+/-8.62 for Grade III, and 61.83+/-6.34 for Grade IV. Also, the PCNA labeling indices according to the nuclear grades were significantly increased(p=0.0008). 3) The mean numbers of AgNORs directly correlated with the PCNA labeling indices (r=0.9861, p<0.001). On the basis of the above results, it was considered that the numbers of AgNORs and PCNA labeling indices as markers of proliferative activity of tumor cells correlate well with the nuclear grades of renal cell carcinoma.
- Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor of Hemangiopericytoma Pattern: A case report.
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Hye Jin Lee, Young im Han, Hyeon Ok Kim, Kang Suek Suh, Sun Kyung Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(6):815-818.
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- The Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor is a gonadal tumor of sex-cord stromal type, similar to that seen in of the various phases of testicular development in the male. This tumor is exceedingly rare, accounting for only 0.1% to 0.5% of all primary ovarian neoplasms. It occurs predominantly in the second and third decades(mean age about 25 years), less than 10% after menopause. We investigated a case of poorly differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of right ovary, occured in a 76-year-old woman. Grossly, the tumor measured 2, 100 gm in weight and 25 x 19 x 8 cm in dimensions. The outer surface was smooth and glistening without rupture of the capsule. Cut sections revealed a multilobulated brown solid mass with multiple cystic change. Microscopically, it showed the typical findings o a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor.
The characteristic feature is hemangiopericytoma paftem of sarcomatoid spindle cells. Therefore, we present it with a brief review of the literature.
- Malignant Small Cell Tumor of the Thoracopulmonary Region (Askin Tumor): Report of a case.
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Young Im Han, Hye Jin Lee, Kang Suek Suh, Sun Kyung Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(5):687-690.
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- Malignant small cell tumor(MSCT) of the thoracopulmonary region(Askin tumor) is extremely rare and is seen predominantly in children and adolescents. This tumor represents a distinct clinicopathologic entity of neuroectodertnal origin, arising from the soft tissues of the chest wall or peripheral lung. This tumor tends to recur locally, but does not seem to disseminate widely. The overall survival is poor. Recently, we experienced a case of the MSCT of the thoracopulmonary region of a 12-year-old female. She was admitted because of a chest wall mass on radiographic examination, and a complaint of intermittent chest pain. Grossly, the mass was lobulated, round and had a solid appearance with focal necrosis and hemorrhage on the cut surface. Histologically, small round to oval cells were arranged in compact sheets, nests and lobular patterns with intervening fibrovascular stroma. Ultrastructurally, the presence of loose-fitting membrane-bound neurosecretory granules was noted.
- Immunohistochemical Study of Cytokeratin in Human Trophoblastic Tissue.
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Jeong Hee Kang, Kang Suek Suh
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Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(5):459-465.
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- The use of human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG), human placental lactogen(hPL) as markers for trophoblastic tissue has been well documented in the literature. However, it is not widely recognized that cytokeratin is a very sensitive and reliable marker for various types of trophoblastic tissue. The authors have studied 15 cases of human placental tissue ranging in age from first to third trimesters. Unlike hCG and hPL, which stain only the syncytiotrophoblast and intermediate trophoblast, cytokeratin(low molecular weight) stains all three types trophoblastic tissue. The staining of placental tissue for cytokeratin is marked and very consistent throughout pregnancy. Because of its high sensitivity and ability to stain cytotrophoblast, it is believed that it could be very useful in detecting trophoblasts of early pregnancy and in the study of the pathologic process of trophoblastic diseases.
- Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in Maxillary Sinus: A case report.
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Gyeong Yeob Gong, Chang Hun Lee, Kang Suek Suh, Sun Kyung Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1991;25(4):392-394.
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- Metastases to the sinonasal tract are infrequent occurrences from primaries below the clavicles. The total number of reported cases to date is less than 100. There is, however, complete unanimity concerning the histologic type of metastatic neoplasm most often encountered. An interesting phenomenon, generally attributable only to breast and renal cell carcinoma, is the late recurrence of the malignant tumor, even 10 or more years after operation. A 61 year-old-male was admitted to ENT due to frequent epistaxis and right facial swelling. CT scan revealed a huge soft tissue density mass I right maxillary sinus with extension into nasopharynx and deviation of nasal septum. The histologic diagnosis was metastatic renal cell carcinoma. He had left nephrectomy because of renal cell carcinoma, 14 years ago. We report a case of metastatic renal cell carcinoma of maxillary sinus in view of rarity, and a brief review of the literature related to this type of tumor is presented.
- Grooved Nuclei in Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma.
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Chang Hun Lee, Kang Suek Suh
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Korean J Pathol. 1991;25(3):185-195.
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- Recently nuclear grooving has been introduced to be a reliable diagnostic criterion for papillary thyroid carcinoma, in addition to known clear nuclei and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions. Now this study is undertaken to assess the diagnostic value of this new clue.
The results obtained are as follows : 1) 35 follicullar carcinomas, 106 follicular adenomas and 56 adenomatous goiters were studied as control groups. Grooved nuclei were positive in 22.9% of follicular carcinomas, 19.8% of follicular adenomas and 5.4% of adenomatous goiters, whereas intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions in 11.4%, 11.3% and 7.1% : and clear nuclei in 22.9%, 23.6% and 5.4%, respectively.
2) Among 105 papillary carcinomas the frequencies of grooved nuclei, intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions and clear nuclei were 93.3%, 84.8% and 79.0%, respectively. Incidence difference between grooved nuclei and clear nuclei was significantly recognized(p<0.05). 3) Among variants of papillary carcinoma including mixed, pure, occult sclerosing and follicular types, the frequencies of grooved nuclei were 96.7%(59/61), 86.2%(25/29), 100%(13/13) and 50.0%(1/2), respectively. In comparison the frequency of the mixed types was mildly more increased than that of the pure(p<0.05). 4) Among 44 aspiration biopsy cytology cases, which were identified histologically as papillary carcinoma, the frequencies of grooved nuclei and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions were 65.9% and 70.5%, respectively. Therefore it is suggested that grooved nuclei be a valuable diagnostic feature of papillary thyroid carcinoma, along with other nuclear findings.
- Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A case report associated with squamous cell carcinoma.
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Chang Hun Lee, Gyeong Yeob Gong, Kang Suek Suh, Sun Kyung Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1991;25(2):164-171.
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- Merkel cell carcinoma is a relatively uncommon, cutaneous, neuroendocrine neoplasm that was first recognized by Toker in 1972. Occasionally it is found concurrent with squamous cell carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma and in them cases, the coexistence of them is suggesive of presenting the effect of a common carcinogenic influence on two distinct precursor cells. Now the authors report a case of Merkel cell carcinoma associated with squamous cell carcinoma arising in the overlying epidermis, and a brief review of literatures is introduced. The patient was a 75-year-old female, who had noticed a reddish brown, ulcerated mass on the right buttock. It had progressively enlarged to become lemon-size during last 4 months. The right buttock mass excised measured 10x8x3 cm and was gray white, solid, with an ill-defined marigin. Histologically the tumor was located in the dermis and was lacking in connection with the epidermis in which invasive squamous cell carcinoma developed. The neoplastic cells were arranged in a diffuse, lymphoma-like pattern or trabecular arrangement and their cytologic details were reminiscent of small cell carcinoma of the lung, On electron microscopy the cells displayed many neurosecretory granules averaging about 100nm in diameter, intermediate filaments and desmosomes. Immunohistochemically a ball-like immunostaining for keratin, resembling an inclusion body, was seen, but other markers, including neuron-specific enolase, vimentin, S-100 protein and leukocyte common antigen, were unrewarded.
- Malignant Histiocytosis: A case report.
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Sook Tae Ha, Gi Yeong Huh, Kang Suek Suh, Sun Kyung Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1986;20(3):395-398.
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Abstract
- We have recently experienced a clinically atypical case of malignant histiocytosis involving the spleen, ileum and bone marrow, in a 25-year-old Korean male. He was admitted to our hospital because of multiple purpuric lesions of skin which had been appearing since 2 years ago. Physical and laboratory examinations revealed marked splenomegaly with pancytopenia. With clinical impression of hypersplenism, splenectomy was performed. During the operation, the surgeons found a dark red mucosal lesion in the ileum incidentally, to resect the segment. Microscopic findings of the spleen and the ileal lesion showed extensive proliferation of atypical histiocytes, many of them phagocytosing numerous erythrocytes. Bone marrow biopsy was done for follow-up study, which showed increased cellularity with infiltration of atypical histiocytes.
- Mucous Gland Adenoma of the Bronchus: A case report.
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Sook Tae Ha, Kang Suek Suh, Sun Kyung Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1986;20(2):226-228.
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- A case of mucous gland adenoma arising from the main bronchus of the middle lobe of the right lung is reported, with review of related literatures. The patient, a 12 year-old Korean male, was admitted to Pusan National University Hospital with complaints of progressive coughing and dyspnea. Roentgenographic studies revealed a well defined mass involving the right middle lobe of the lung.
With the impression of benign tumor, right middle lobectomy was performed. The gross specimen revealed a polypoid mass involving the main bronchus, measuring 4.5x 3.7 x 2.5cm. The cut surface of the mass revealed yellow-gray myxoid tissue.
Histologically, the mass consisted of glandular structures filled with mucus, which proved to be acid one on histochemical study. The glandular lining was made up of a single layer of berign mucous cells, many of them being flattened.
- Clinical and Histopathological Studies on Salivary Gland Epithelial Tumors.
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Soon Yol Hwang, Kang Suek Suh
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Korean J Pathol. 1986;20(1):26-34.
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Abstract
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- The author has studied the 111 cases of salivary gland epithelial tumors which confirmed clinically and pathologically during the period of 11 years and 7 months from 1973 to 1984 at Pusan National University Hospital. The results of the study were summarized as follows: 1) Among 111 cases of salivary gland epithelial tumors, benign tumors were 72 cases (64.9%) and malignant tumors 39 cases (35.1%).
The male to female ratio of overall salivary gland epithelial tumors was 1 to 1.6. Mean age of benign tumors was 39.6 years old and that of malignant tumors 44.6. 2) The analysis of the salivary gland epithelial tumors in histologic type revealed 63 cases (56.8%) of pleomorphic adenoma, 14 cases (12.6%) of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 11 cases (9.9%) of adenoid cystic carcinoma, 4 cases (3.6%) of adenolymphoma and adenocarcinoma, respectively. 3) The incidence of salivary gland epithelial tumors was found to be in the major salivary gland in 62 cases (56.9%), in the major salivary gland in 47 cases (43.1%), preferably involving parotid gland in 38 cases (34.9%), palate in 29 cases (26.6%), submandibular gland in 20 cases (18.3%) in order of frequency. 4) The mean size of benign salivary gland epithelial tumors was 3.5 cm in diameter and that of malignant 3.6 cm. Therefore, that size of both benign and malignant tumors was not significantly different. The mean duration of chief complaints of salivary gland epithelial tumors was 5 years and 3 months in benign type, 2 years and 4 months in malignant type, approximately half of the benign tumors. 5) The most frequent manifestation in malignant tumors was palpable mass 89.7%(benign : 97.2%), pain 23.1%, ulcer and hemorrhage 15.4%, respectively, et al., whereas, that of benign tumors was exophthalmos 5.6%, ulcer 4.2%, et al. In order of frequency. 6) Among the 67 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, 4 cases (6.0%) of them were malignant type.
- Verrucous Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix: A case report.
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Mee Young Sol, Sook Tae Ha, Kang Suek Suh, Sun Kyung Lee
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Korean J Cytopathol. 1985;19(4):427-430.
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Abstract
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- Verrucous carcinoma is a highly differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma and is very rare in the uterine cervix. It infiltrates locally but practically never metastasizes. Authors present a case of verrucous carcinoma arising in the uterine cervix of a 48 year-old Korean female and review literatures about the verrucous carcinoma reported.
- A Case of Primary Orbital Hemangiopericytoma.
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Hwan Ju Choi, Kang Suek Suh, Sun Kyung Lee
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Korean J Cytopathol. 1985;19(3):360-364.
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- Hemangiopericytoma is a rather uncommon neoplasm composed mainly of cells derived from the vascular pericytes of Zimmermann, which are normally found in close apposition to the endothelial cells of capillaries and postcapillary venules. Authors studied a case in which primary hemangiopericytoma located in the left orbit of a 54-year-old woman. Review of the literatures about incidence, clinical symptoms, histological features and biological behavior of the orbital hemangiopericytoma was presented.
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