Warning: mkdir(): Permission denied in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 81

Warning: fopen(upload/ip_log/ip_log_2024-03.txt): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 83

Warning: fwrite() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 84
Mesothelin Expression in Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Its Relation to Clinical Outcomes
Skip Navigation
Skip to contents

J Pathol Transl Med : Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

OPEN ACCESS
SEARCH
Search

Articles

Page Path
HOME > J Pathol Transl Med > Volume 51(2); 2017 > Article
Original Article
Mesothelin Expression in Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Its Relation to Clinical Outcomes
Song-Hee Han, Mee Joo, Hanseong Kim, Sunhee Chang
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine 2017;51(2):122-128.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.11.18
Published online: February 15, 2017

Department of Pathology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea

Corresponding Author Sunhee Chang, MD, PhD Department of Pathology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, 170 Juhwa-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang 10380, Korea Tel: +82-31-910-7142 Fax: +82-31-910-7139 E-mail: 'pathate714@gmail.com'
• Received: July 15, 2016   • Revised: November 17, 2016   • Accepted: November 17, 2016

© 2017 The Korean Society of Pathologists/The Korean Society for Cytopathology

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

  • 7,015 Views
  • 161 Download
  • 17 Web of Science
  • 15 Crossref
  • 16 Scopus
  • Background
    Although surgical resection with chemotherapy is considered effective for patients with advanced gastric cancer, it remains the third leading cause of cancer-related death in South Korea. Several studies have reported that mesothelial markers including mesothelin, calretinin, and Wilms tumor protein 1 (WT1) were positive in variable carcinomas, associated with prognosis, and were evaluated as potential markers for targeted therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the immunohistochemical expression of mesothelial markers (mesothelin, calretinin, and WT1) in gastric adenocarcinoma and their relations to clinocopathological features and prognosis.
  • Methods
    We evaluated calretinin, WT1, and mesothelin expression by immunohistochemical staining in 117 gastric adenocarcinomas.
  • Results
    Mesothelin was positively stained in 30 cases (25.6%). Mesothelin expression was related to increased depth of invasion (p = .002), lymph node metastasis (p = .013), and presence of lymphovascular (p = .015) and perineural invasion (p = .004). Patients with mesothelin expression had significantly worse disease-free survival rate compared with that of nonmesothelin expression group (p = .024). Univariate analysis showed that mesothelin expression is related to short-term survival. None of the 117 gastric adenocarcinomas stained for calretinin or WT1.
  • Conclusions
    Mesothelin expression was associated with poor prognosis. Our results suggest that mesothelin-targeted therapy should be considered as an important therapeutic alternative for gastric adenocarcinoma patients with mesothelin expression.
Gastric cancer is a major health problem worldwide, causing approximately one million deaths every year [1]. In South Korea, gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death [2]. With improved screening methods such as endoscopy and the development of new techniques such as endoscopic submucosal dissection, patients can be diagnosed with gastric cancer at an early stage and are expected to have increased long-term survival rate and higher quality of life [3]. Although surgical resection with chemotherapy is considered effective for patients with recurrent, metastatic, or advanced gastric cancer (AGC), the 5-year survival rate for patients with AGC is only 20%–30% [4]. Chemotherapy increases survival rate, enhances quality of life, and can achieve symptomatic control; however, it is associated with increased drug toxicity [5]. In recent years, the identification of druggable oncogenic alterations such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression and the development of drugs that specifically target HER2 have led to substantial improvement in the prognosis of patients with AGC [6]. However, oncogenic alterations are detected in only 6.0%–29.5% of gastric adenocarcinomas [7]. Thus, development of novel effective targeted therapy is essential for the management of AGC.
Mesothelin, calretinin, and Wilms tumor protein 1 (WT1) are immunohistochemical markers for mesothelial differentiation. These markers are positive in various carcinomas and have been associated with prognosis. Mesothelin has been found to be expressed in some carcinomas, particularly those arising in the ovary, pancreas, and stomach, and has prognostic value [8-12]. Calretinin expression has been reported in carcinomas of various tissues including the ovary, testis, adrenal cortex, colon, breast, sinonasal tract, thymus, skin, and even soft tissues [13]. Previous studies have reported the prognostic implications of calretinin expression in breast cancer and malignant mesothelioma [14,15]. Qi et al. [16] reported that WT1-positive expression was associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, and noncarcinoma malignancies.
A few studies have investigated the expression of these mesothelial markers in gastric adenocarcinoma. Mesothelin expression percentages ranged from 15.4% to 59.4%; however, conflicting results were reported on the relationship between prognosis of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and positive mesothelin expression [11,12]. Several studies have examined the importance of WT1 and calretinin expression in gastric adenocarcinoma. However, mesothelial marker expression in gastric adenocarcinoma and the prognostic value of such expression remain unclear.
To investigate the prognostic significance of mesothelial markers in gastric adenocarcinoma, we evaluated the expression of mesothelial markers (mesothelin, calretinin, and WT1) in gastric adenocarcinoma and the association between positive mesothelial markers and clinicopathological variables and disease-free survival (DFS).
Patients and tissue samples
Subjects in this study totaled 117 patients who had histologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma and who underwent radical resection at Inje University Ilsan Hospital from January 2005 to December 2011. These specimens were composed of 86 early gastric cancer and 31 AGC cases. The patients enrolled in this study had not received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy prior to surgery. Patients were followed for 1–10 years. The clinicopathological features including patient age, gender, and other factors are shown in Table 1. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)–stained slides for all cases were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Inje University Ilsan Hospital (ISPAIK 2015-10-017).
Tissue microarray construction
Paraffin blocks containing representative samples of the tumors were selected by reviewing all of the H&E-stained slides. For the tissue microarray (TMA), two tissue cores with a diameter of 3 mm were extracted from a representative tumor area and were sequentially placed in recipient tissue array blocks using a tissue arraying instrument (Labro, Seoul, Korea). Sections from TMA blocks were prepared (4 μm thickness) for routine H&E staining. Other sections were prepared on charged slides for immunohistochemical staining.
Immunohistochemical evaluation
Immunohistochemistry was performed using standard methods. Formalin-fixed, 4 μm-thick, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were deparaffinized and subjected to antigen retrieval (immersed in 10 mmol/L citrate buffer [pH 6.0] and microwaved for 25 minutes). Slides were stained using an automatic staining device: Bond-X autoimmunostainer (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) with Bond Polymer Refine Detection System (Leica Microsystems). The following monoclonal mouse antibodies were used: anti-calretinin (1:50, Novocastra, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK), anti-WT1 (1:100, DAKO, Carpinteria, CA, USA), and anti-mesothelin (1:20; Leica). All slides were subsequently counterstained with hematoxylin. The mesothelial hyperplasia of pleura was used as a positive control. For a negative control, nonimmune mouse serum was used as a substitute for primary antibodies.
Membranous staining for mesothelin, nuclear and cytoplasmic staining for calretinin, and nuclear staining for WT1 were considered positive. We categorized any tumor with ≥5% staining of any intensity as positive and <5% as negative [12]. Stained sections were evaluated independently by two observers.
Statistical analysis
Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS ver. 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Correlations between the expression of mesothelial markers in gastric adenocarcinoma and clinicopathological variables were assessed using Pearson’s χ2-test. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for DFS analysis, and differences were determined using log-rank test. The prognostic implications of mesothelin expression and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed by Cox univariate and multivariate proportional hazards models. DFS was calculated from the date of surgery to the time of first local recurrence or distant metastasis. Values of p<.05 were considered statistically significant.
Mesothelin, calretinin, and WT1 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma
The pattern of mesothelin expression was characterized by a diffuse and strong pattern with thick, membranous staining, especially along the apical cell membrane (Fig. 1). Some tumor cells showed cytoplasmic staining. Mesothelin was positively stained in 30 cases (25.6%). Staining only along the apical cell membrane was observed in 20 cases. In the remaining 10 cases, the staining was mixed membranous and cytoplasmic. Twenty-two cases exhibited cytoplasmic staining, which were considered negative. None of the 117 gastric adenocarcinomas (100%) stained for calretinin or WT1 (Fig. 2). In normal gastric mucosa, mesothelin, calretinin, and WT1 were not expressed.
Association of mesothelin expression with clinicopathological variables
The associations between mesothelin expression and clinicopathological characteristics in gastric adenocarcinoma are shown in Table 1. Mesothelin expression was related to increased depth of invasion (p=.002), lymph node metastasis (p=.013), presence of lymphovascular invasion (p=.015), and presence of perineural invasion (p=.004).
Mesothelin expression and DFS
There was a difference in DFS between patients with mesothelin expression and patients with no mesothelin expression (median, 29 months vs 57 months). Patients with mesothelin expression had significant shorter DFS rate compared with those with no mesothelin expression (p=.024) (Fig. 3).
Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the association between mesothelin expression and DFS. On univariate analysis, factors associated with DFS included mesothelial expression, depth of invasion, and perineural invasion (Table 2). However, multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that mesothelin expression was not an independent prognostic factor (Table 2).
In this study, we obtained clinicopathological data related to expression of mesothelin, one of the three mesothelial markers. Approximately 25.6% of gastric adenocarcinomas showed positive staining for mesothelin. Importantly, we found that mesothelin expression was related to advanced disease and DFS. Therefore, mesothelin might be a promising therapeutic target in patients with advanced disease.
Mesothelin is a 40-kDa cell surface glycoprotein [17]. Its gene encodes a precursor protein that is cleaved by proteases to form 40-kDa mesothelin that attaches to the cell membrane and a 31-kDa cleaved fragment, which is secreted into the blood. Mesothelin is believed to be involved in cell adhesion, though its biological function is not well known. Einama et al. [11] have investigated mesothelin expression in gastric adenocarcinoma, focusing on localization of mesothelin expression. They found that luminal membranous expression was a significant prognostic factor in gastric cancer, while cytoplasmic expression was not significantly correlated with prognosis of gastric cancer [13]. In their study, membranous or mixed membranous and cytoplasmic expression was considered positive staining. In addition to mesothelin expression pattern, previous studies have used various scoring systems to quantify immunohistochemically observed expression of mesothelin in different tumor types [9-12,18]. Because the staining patterns of mesothelin were quite distinct, such as diffuse and strong with thick, membranous staining or no staining, we considered ≥5% staining of any intensity as positive, using the cut-off described by Baba et al. [12]. Thus, the rate of mesothelin expression in gastric adenocarcinomas was 25.6% in our study. However, the rate of mesothelin expression differed between studies. Taliano et al. [14] reported that mesothelin was expressed in 59% of gastric adenocarcinomas. Lugli et al. [13] found that mesothelin expression was 15.4% in the membrane. These differences between our results and prior studies may be attributed to the different sample sizes and distribution as well as different staining protocols and antibodies used.
Mesothelin is expressed in several cancers, including epithelioid mesotheliomas, pancreatic and biliary adenocarcinomas, and ovarian and gastric cancers [11,12,18-20]. The relationships between mesothelin expression and tumor aggressiveness and clinical outcomes have been studied in various cancers. The results of this study confirmed that mesothelin expression was strongly associated with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and presence of lymphovascular and perineural invasion. Similarly, Baba et al. [12] reported that mesothelin expression was correlated with greater nodal involvement and deeper invasion. Einama et al. [11] also reported that mesothelin expression was associated with clinical stage, lymphatic and blood vessel permeation, and recurrence. However, previous studies have reported conflicting results regarding the relationship between mesothelin expression and clinical outcome. Kawamata et al. [9] reported that a mesothelin-positive group showed poor prognosis in several gastrointestinal malignancies, including biliary adenocarcinoma. In contrast, Yen et al. [10] demonstrated that mesothelin expression was associated with prolonged survival in patients with advanced stage epithelial ovarian carcinomas. For patients with gastric cancer, studies of the association between mesothelin expression and survival have shown different results. Baba et al. [12] found that mesothelin expression was correlated with prolonged patient survival in AGC. In addition to our study, a previous study has reported that mesothelin expression was correlated with poor overall survival [11].
Although the mechanism by which mesothelin affects survival of patients with gastric cancer remains unclear, discrepancies between studies may be related to the biological role of mesothelin. Recent studies have reported that mesothelin plays a role in tumorigenesis by increasing cellular proliferation and migration. Servais et al. [21] found that mesothelin promoted tumor cell invasion by increasing matrix metalloprotease-9 secretion in mesothelioma. Additionally, Rump et al. [22] observed that mesothelin bound to carbohydrate antigen 125/MUC16 with very high affinity and may contribute to the adhesion of tumor cells in peritoneal metastasis. Bharadwaj et al. [23] reported that mesothelin expression increased resistance to tumor necrosis factor-α–induced apoptosis through Akt/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/nuclear factor κB activation. Mesothelin-overexpressing pancreatic cancer cell lines showed increased cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 expression, resulting in increased cell proliferation and cell cycle progression [24]. These findings suggest significant interplay between mesothelin-related proteins and/or genes and aggressive tumor behavior.
Increasing evidence has suggested that mesothelin is a strongly immunogenic protein. Thomas et al. [25] reported that pancreatic cancer patients who were vaccinated with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor–secreting pancreatic tumor cells showed a strong mesothelin-specific CD8+ T-cell immune response. Ho et al. [26] detected mesothelin-specific IgG antibodies in the serum of patients with advanced mesothelioma and ovarian cancer. These results indicate that mesothelin-specific B-cell and T-cell responses against mesothelin-expressing carcinoma cells contribute to overall prolonged survival. The reason for differences in clinical outcomes among various carcinomas remains unclear, and additional studies are necessary to explain these discrepancies.
Both silencing of mesothelin for inhibited cell proliferation and migration and increased mesothelin-specific immune response may be correlated with the control of tumor progression. Thus, mesothelin has been evaluated as a marker for biological malignancy from both genetic and immunological perspectives. Mesothelin is a promising target for immune-based therapy, specifically for mesothelioma and pancreatic and ovarian cancers. Several ongoing clinical trials in patients with these carcinomas have revealed a beneficial effect [27,28]. For example, SS1P is a representative recombinant antimesothelin immunotoxin, and the therapy response rate of SS1P combined with chemotherapy exhibits good response [28].
We hypothesized that calretinin and WT1 would show positive reactivity in gastric adenocarcinoma [13-15]. No prior studies have evaluated WT1 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma. A few studies have reported calretinin expression in a wide variety of poorly differentiated carcinomas, including gastric adenocarcinoma [13]. In this study, we found that neither calretinin nor WT1 was expressed. This discrepancy from previous study [13] is likely related to technique sensitivity, resulting in false-positive values, and may also be related to the diversity of antibodies used.
Given the conflicting results from previous investigations, we evaluated the expression pattern and prognostic value of mesothelin in gastric adenocarcinoma and the correlations of mesothelin expression with clinicopathological variables. We found that 25.6% of gastric adenocarcinomas expressed mesothelin, which was associated with poor prognosis. Our results suggest that mesothelin-targeted therapies, such as SS1P, are important alternatives for cancer patients with mesothelin expression.

Conflicts of Interest

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

This work was supported by a grant from Inje University in 2009.
Fig. 1.
The tumor cell membrane was stained with mesothelin in gastric adenocarcinomas, showing membranous (A) or apical patterns (B).
jptm-2016-11-18f1.gif
Fig. 2.
Wilms tumor protein 1 (A) and calretinin (B) are not expressed in gastric adenocarcinoma.
jptm-2016-11-18f2.gif
Fig. 3.
The group with nonmesothelin expression had significantly better survival than the group with mesothelin expression.
jptm-2016-11-18f3.gif
Table 1.
Clinicopathological correlation of mesothelin expression in gastric adenocarcinoma
Parameter Mesothelin positive (n = 30, 25.6%) Mesothelin negative (n = 87, 74.4%) p-value
Age, mean (range, yr) 66 (41–89) 66 (35–91)
Gender .110
 Female 8 (20.0) 32 (80.0)
 Male 22 (28.6) 55 (71.4)
Stage .001
 EGC 16 (18.6) 70 (81.4)
 AGC 14 (45.2) 17 (54.8)
Lymph node metastasis .013
 Present 16 (38.1) 26 (61.9)
 Absent 14 (18.7) 61 (81.3)
Lauren classification .113
 Intestinal 17 (18.6) 74 (81.4)
 Diffuse 13 (50.0) 13 (50.0)
Recurrence .120
 Present
  Local recurrence 2 (15.4) 2 (15.4)
  Distant metastasis 6 (46.2) 3 (23.0)
 Absent 22 (21.2) 82 (78.8)
Lymphovascular invasion .015
 Present 18 (36.0) 32 (64.0)
 Absent 12 (17.9) 55 (82.1)
Perineural invasion .004
 Present 13 (46.4) 15 (53.6)
 Absent 17 (19.1) 72 (80.9)

Values are presented as number (%).

EGC, early gastric cancer; AGC, advanced gastric cancer.

Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analyses for disease-free survival
Variable Univariate
Multivariate
HR 95% CI p-value HR 95% CI p-value
Stage EGC 1 1.152–5.321 .001 1 2.036–9.922 .004
AGC 3.240 3.521
Lymphovascular invasion Absent 1 0.572–2.801 .075 - - -
Present 1.283 -
Lymph node metastasis Absent 1 0.961–5.027 .058 - - -
Present 1.502 -
Perineural invasion Absent 1 1.254–6.455 .001 1 0.356–9.616 .475
Present 2.428 1.847
Mesothelin expression Negative 1 1.523–5.212 .019 1 0.251–2.703 .770
Positive 2.261 1.428

HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; EGC, early gastric cancer; AGC, advanced gastric cancer.

  • 1. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer 2015; 136: E359–86. ArticlePubMed
  • 2. Oh CM, Won YJ, Jung KW, et al. Cancer statistics in Korea: incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2013. Cancer Res Treat 2016; 48: 436–50. ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
  • 3. Gotoda T. Endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2007; 10: 1–11. ArticlePubMed
  • 4. Oba K, Paoletti X, Bang YJ, et al. Role of chemotherapy for advanced/recurrent gastric cancer: an individual-patient-data meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49: 1565–77. ArticlePubMed
  • 5. Wagner AD, Grothe W, Haerting J, Kleber G, Grothey A, Fleig WE. Chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on aggregate data. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 2903–9. ArticlePubMed
  • 6. Kataoka H, Mori Y, Shimura T, et al. A phase II prospective study of the trastuzumab combined with 5-weekly S-1 and CDDP therapy for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 77: 957–62. ArticlePubMedPDF
  • 7. Boku N. HER2-positive gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2014; 17: 1–12. ArticlePubMed
  • 8. Ordóñez NG. Value of mesothelin immunostaining in the diagnosis of mesothelioma. Mod Pathol 2003; 16: 192–7. ArticlePubMed
  • 9. Kawamata F, Kamachi H, Einama T, et al. Intracellular localization of mesothelin predicts patient prognosis of extrahepatic bile duct cancer. Int J Oncol 2012; 41: 2109–18. ArticlePubMed
  • 10. Yen MJ, Hsu CY, Mao TL, et al. Diffuse mesothelin expression correlates with prolonged patient survival in ovarian serous carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12(3 Pt 1):827–31. ArticlePubMed
  • 11. Einama T, Homma S, Kamachi H, et al. Luminal membrane expression of mesothelin is a prominent poor prognostic factor for gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2012; 107: 137–42. ArticlePubMedPMC
  • 12. Baba K, Ishigami S, Arigami T, et al. Mesothelin expression correlates with prolonged patient survival in gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol 2012; 105: 195–9. ArticlePubMed
  • 13. Lugli A, Forster Y, Haas P, et al. Calretinin expression in human normal and neoplastic tissues: a tissue microarray analysis on 5233 tissue samples. Hum Pathol 2003; 34: 994–1000. ArticlePubMed
  • 14. Taliano RJ, Lu S, Singh K, et al. Calretinin expression in high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast is associated with basal-like subtype and unfavorable prognosis. Hum Pathol 2013; 44: 2743–50. ArticlePubMed
  • 15. Kao SC, Klebe S, Henderson DW, et al. Low calretinin expression and high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are poor prognostic factors in patients with malignant mesothelioma undergoing extrapleural pneumonectomy. J Thorac Oncol 2011; 6: 1923–9. ArticlePubMed
  • 16. Qi XW, Zhang F, Wu H, et al. Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) expression and prognosis in solid cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5: 8924.ArticlePubMedPMC
  • 17. Chang K, Pastan I. Molecular cloning of mesothelin, a differentiation antigen present on mesothelium, mesotheliomas, and ovarian cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93: 136–40. ArticlePubMedPMC
  • 18. Nomura R, Fujii H, Abe M, et al. Mesothelin expression is a prognostic factor in cholangiocellular carcinoma. Int Surg 2013; 98: 164–9. ArticlePubMedPMC
  • 19. Argani P, Iacobuzio-Donahue C, Ryu B, et al. Mesothelin is overexpressed in the vast majority of ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas: identification of a new pancreatic cancer marker by serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Clin Cancer Res 2001; 7: 3862–8. PubMed
  • 20. Hassan R, Kreitman RJ, Pastan I, Willingham MC. Localization of mesothelin in epithelial ovarian cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2005; 13: 243–7. ArticlePubMed
  • 21. Servais EL, Colovos C, Rodriguez L, et al. Mesothelin overexpression promotes mesothelioma cell invasion and MMP-9 secretion in an orthotopic mouse model and in epithelioid pleural mesothelioma patients. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18: 2478–89. ArticlePubMedPMC
  • 22. Rump A, Morikawa Y, Tanaka M, et al. Binding of ovarian cancer antigen CA125/MUC16 to mesothelin mediates cell adhesion. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 9190–8. ArticlePubMed
  • 23. Bharadwaj U, Marin-Muller C, Li M, Chen C, Yao Q. Mesothelin confers pancreatic cancer cell resistance to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis through Akt/PI3K/NF-kappaB activation and IL-6/Mcl-1 overexpression. Mol Cancer 2011; 10: 106.ArticlePubMedPMC
  • 24. Bharadwaj U, Li M, Chen C, Yao Q. Mesothelin-induced pancreatic cancer cell proliferation involves alteration of cyclin E via activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3. Mol Cancer Res 2008; 6: 1755–65. ArticlePubMedPMC
  • 25. Thomas AM, Santarsiero LM, Lutz ER, et al. Mesothelin-specific CD8(+) T cell responses provide evidence of in vivo cross-priming by antigen-presenting cells in vaccinated pancreatic cancer patients. J Exp Med 2004; 200: 297–306. ArticlePubMedPMC
  • 26. Ho M, Hassan R, Zhang J, et al. Humoral immune response to mesothelin in mesothelioma and ovarian cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11: 3814–20. ArticlePubMed
  • 27. Hassan R, Ho M. Mesothelin targeted cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44: 46–53. ArticlePubMed
  • 28. Hassan R, Sharon E, Thomas A, et al. Phase 1 study of the antimesothelin immunotoxin SS1P in combination with pemetrexed and cisplatin for front-line therapy of pleural mesothelioma and correlation of tumor response with serum mesothelin, megakaryocyte potentiating factor, and cancer antigen 125. Cancer 2014; 120: 3311–9. ArticlePubMed

Figure & Data

References

    Citations

    Citations to this article as recorded by  
    • Targeting Mesothelin in Solid Tumours: Anti-mesothelin Antibody and Drug Conjugates
      Quincy Chu
      Current Oncology Reports.2023; 25(4): 309.     CrossRef
    • High expression of mesothelin in plasma and tissue is associated with poor prognosis and promotes invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer
      Suryendu Saha, Chitranjan Mukherjee, Dipjit Basak, Prasun Panja, Pronoy Kanti Mondal, Ranajoy Ghosh, Aniket Halder, Abhijit Chowdhury, Gopal Krishna Dhali, Bitan Kumar Chattopadhyay, Saurabh Ghosh, Somsubhra Nath, Shalini Datta
      Advances in Cancer Biology - Metastasis.2023; 7: 100098.     CrossRef
    • Novel Anti-Mesothelin Nanobodies and Recombinant Immunotoxins with Pseudomonas Exotoxin Catalytic Domain for Cancer Therapeutics
      Minh Quan Nguyen, Do Hyung Kim, Hye Ji Shim, Huynh Kim Khanh Ta, Thi Luong Vu, Thi Kieu Oanh Nguyen, Jung Chae Lim, Han Choe
      Molecules and Cells.2023; 46(12): 764.     CrossRef
    • Immunotherapy for lung cancer: Focusing on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy
      Tongqing Xue, Xiang Zhao, Kun Zhao, Yan Lu, Juan Yao, Xianguo Ji
      Current Problems in Cancer.2022; 46(1): 100791.     CrossRef
    • Cellular immunotherapy in gastric cancer: adoptive cell therapy and dendritic cell-based vaccination
      Elnaz Faghfuri, Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad, Amir Hossein Faghfouri, Narges Soozangar
      Immunotherapy.2022; 14(6): 475.     CrossRef
    • Mesothelin Expression in Human Tumors: A Tissue Microarray Study on 12,679 Tumors
      Sören Weidemann, Pauline Gagelmann, Natalia Gorbokon, Maximilian Lennartz, Anne Menz, Andreas M. Luebke, Martina Kluth, Claudia Hube-Magg, Niclas C. Blessin, Christoph Fraune, Katharina Möller, Christian Bernreuther, Patrick Lebok, Till S. Clauditz, Frank
      Biomedicines.2021; 9(4): 397.     CrossRef
    • Host Mesothelin Expression Increases Ovarian Cancer Metastasis in the Peritoneal Microenvironment
      Tyvette S. Hilliard, Brooke Kowalski, Kyle Iwamoto, Elizabeth A. Agadi, Yueying Liu, Jing Yang, Marwa Asem, Yuliya Klymenko, Jeff Johnson, Zonggao Shi, Gifty Marfowaa, Madeleine G. Yemc, Phillip Petrasko, M. Sharon Stack
      International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(22): 12443.     CrossRef
    • CAR-T Cell Therapy—An Overview of Targets in Gastric Cancer
      Dominika Bębnowska, Ewelina Grywalska, Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej, Barbara Sosnowska-Pasiarska, Jolanta Smok-Kalwat, Marcin Pasiarski, Stanisław Góźdź, Jacek Roliński, Wojciech Polkowski
      Journal of Clinical Medicine.2020; 9(6): 1894.     CrossRef
    • Mesothelin-Targeted Recombinant Immunotoxins for Solid Tumors
      Brendan L. Hagerty, Guillaume J. Pegna, Jian Xu, Chin-Hsien Tai, Christine Alewine
      Biomolecules.2020; 10(7): 973.     CrossRef
    • Phase I/II clinical trial of a Wilms’ tumor 1-targeted dendritic cell vaccination-based immunotherapy in patients with advanced cancer
      Wen Zhang, Xu Lu, Peilin Cui, Chunmei Piao, Man Xiao, Xuesong Liu, Yue Wang, Xuan Wu, Jingwei Liu, Lin Yang
      Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy.2019; 68(1): 121.     CrossRef
    • Mesothelin as a target for cervical cancer therapy
      Korinna Jöhrens, Lea Lazzerini, Jana Barinoff, Jalid Sehouli, Guenter Cichon
      Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics.2019; 299(1): 211.     CrossRef
    • A targeted proteomics approach reveals a serum protein signature as diagnostic biomarker for resectable gastric cancer
      Qiujin Shen, Karol Polom, Coralie Williams, Felipe Marques Souza de Oliveira, Mariana Guergova-Kuras, Frederique Lisacek, Niclas G. Karlsson, Franco Roviello, Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
      EBioMedicine.2019; 44: 322.     CrossRef
    • Mesothelin as a biomarker for targeted therapy
      Jiang Lv, Peng Li
      Biomarker Research.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Antibody drug conjugates under investigation in phase I and phase II clinical trials for gastrointestinal cancer
      Alexis D. Leal, Anuradha Krishnamurthy, Lia Head, Wells A. Messersmith
      Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs.2018; 27(11): 901.     CrossRef
    • Mesothelin‑targeted second generation CAR‑T cells inhibit growth of mesothelin‑expressing tumors in�vivo
      Lin Ye, Yuqing Lou, Liming Lu, Xiaohong Fan
      Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef

    • PubReader PubReader
    • ePub LinkePub Link
    • Cite this Article
      Cite this Article
      export Copy Download
      Close
      Download Citation
      Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

      Format:
      • RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
      • BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software
      Include:
      • Citation for the content below
      Mesothelin Expression in Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Its Relation to Clinical Outcomes
      J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(2):122-128.   Published online February 15, 2017
      Close
    • XML DownloadXML Download
    Figure

    J Pathol Transl Med : Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine