| Home | E-Submission | Sitemap | Contact Us |
 Etc The Korean Journal of Pathology 1977;11(1): 23-48.
 정규모집단의 임의표본에 의하여 정한 정상범위의 정도 The Precision of Normal Ranges Determined by Means of Random Samples from Normal Populations ABSTRACT This study was undertaken to lay down some definite criterion for the evaluation of the precision of abnormal range determined by means of a random sample form a normal population. There are two types of abnormal range. In the first type an abnormal range is set up unilaterally and in the second type bilaterally in a normal distribution. In the first type an abnormal range sized 100α% is assumed to be set up on the right side in a normal distribution N(μ, δ²). In the parametric method to determine the normal range is to estimate the lower limit of the abnormal range sized 100α% by were and s are the mean and standard deviation of a n-sized random sample from a normal population N(μ, δ²) and Kα is the value defined as follows: where Φ(u) is the standardized normal distribution N(0.1²). Y₁is a random variable which varies from sample to sample and is distributed normally with mean and variance since and s are stochastically independent and the former is distributed normally with parameters (μ, δ²/n) and the latter with parameters (c1δ, (c2δ)²), where c₁=1-1/4n and c₂=1/. Then, the upper and lower limits of the middle 100p%-range of Y₁denoted by Y1(+)(Χp) and Y1(-)(Χp) are easily obtained by the following formulas: where Χp is the square root of 100p%-fractile of Χ²-distribution with d.f.1, that is, Χp²(1) and . Now, let us estimate the 100α%-size of the abnormal range by u1(+)(Χp) and u1(-)(Χp) which are obtained by the following transformation, The estimates of the 100α%-size of the abnormal range by Y1(+)(Χp) and Y1(-)(Χp) denoted by â1(Χp) and â1(-)(Χp) correspondingly are Hence where Accordingly, it can be stated that 100p% of the estimated values of the 100α%-size of the right abnormal range are between â1(+)(Χp) and â1(-)(Χp). By the same argument it could easily be varified that 100p% of the estimated values of the same size of a left abnormal range are between the same limits. It is evident that by the formula(1.7.1) we can evaluate the precision of the estimate by a n-sized random sample of the 100α%-size of the abnormal range set up unilaterally in a normal distribution. Now the second type of normal range is considered. This type is assumed to be characterized by bilateral abnormal ranges with equal size of 100α% set up on both the right and the left side in a normal distribution N(μ, δ²). In this case the upper and lower limits of the normal range are estimated where and s are the mean and standard deviation of a n-sized random sample which are distributed normally with parameters (μ, δ²/n) and (c1δ, (c2δ)²), correspondingly. So the point Y(,s) follws a two dimensional normal distribution with correlation coefficient o. If the closed domain which is defined by the contour ellipse, E(Χp), corresponding to the probability p determined by Χp²(2) in the s-plane is denoted by A(Χp), where Χp is the square root of Χp²(2). Now let us standardize the two variable and s by the follwing transformation, then the point U(u₁, u₂) follows the standardized two dimensional normal distribution with correlation coefficient o. If the closed domain which is defined by the contour ellipse, E’(Χp)γ corresponding to the probability p determined by Χp²(2) in the u₁u₂-plane is denoted by A’(Χp)γ again Here it is worthy of note that there is one to one correspondance between Y∈A(Χp) and U∈A’(Χp) and that E’(Χp) is a circle with radius Χp and center (0,0) in the u₁u₂-plane. By the inverse transformation of (2.3) Substituting these for and s in the equiations (2.1.1) and (2.1.2) For the estimation of the 100α%-size of each abnormal range set up bilaterally, it is necessary to standardize Y(±) by using μ and δ as follows: where the symbols t(±)(u₁, u₂) indicate the standardized deviates of Y(±). If the estimates of the 100α%-size of the abnormal range set up bilaterally by Y∈A(Χp) and U∈A’(Χp) that corresponds to Y∈A(Χp) are denoted by â(±)(Y∈A(Χp) and â(±)(U∈A’(Χp), correspondingly, then By summing (2.8.1) and (2.8.2) a new function of U(u₁, u₂), is introduced to estimate the 100(2α)%-size of the abnormal ranges. Since E’(Χp) is a circle with radius Χp and ceter (0,0) t(±)(U∈E’(Χp))-equivalent to t(±)((u₁, u₂)∈E’(Χp))-can be expressed in terms of polar coordinates by putting u₁=ΧpcosΘ and u₂=ΧpsinΘ as in the following: By substituting these for the end values t(±)(u₁, u₂) in the integrals (2.8.1), (2.8.2) and (2.8.3), these become and Examining the variation of the function of Θ, â(U∈E’(Χp), it is found that the function has the minimum value at the point (Χp, π/2)∈E’(Χp) and the maximum value at the point (Χp, 3π/2)∈E’(Χp) and that that is, Now it is evident that by the formula (2.11.1) we are able to evaluate the precision of the estimate by a n-sized random sample of 100(2α)%-size of the abnormal ranges set up bilaterally in a normal distribution. At the end of this paper, tables are provided which are available for the evaluation of the precision of estimates of normal or abnornal ranges by random samples from normal populations.
TOOLS
PDF Links
Full text via DOI
Download Citation
CrossRef TDM
E-Mail
Share:
METRICS
 659 View
 0 Download
 Related article