Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Reviews

Exploring histological predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy response in non–small cell lung cancer: Uiju Cho, Soyoung Im, Hyung Soon Park; J Pathol Transl Med. 2024;58(2):49-58. Published online February 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2024.01.31

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Abstract PDF: Treatment challenges persist in advanced lung cancer despite the development of therapies beyond the traditional platinum-based chemotherapy. The early 2000s marked a shift to tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting epidermal growth factor receptor, ushering in personalized genetic-based treatment. A further significant advance was the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially for non–small cell lung cancer. These target programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, which enhanced the immune response against tumor cells. However, not all patients respond, and immune-related toxicities arise. This review emphasizes identifying biomarkers for ICI response prediction. While PD-L1 is a widely used, validated biomarker, its predictive accuracy is imperfect. Investigating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tertiary lymphoid structure, and emerging biomarkers such as high endothelial venule, Human leukocyte antigen class I, T-cell immunoreceptors with Ig and ITIM domains, and lymphocyte activation gene-3 counts is promising. Understanding and exploring additional predictive biomarkers for ICI response are crucial for enhancing patient stratification and overall care in lung cancer treatment.

Biomarker testing of cytology specimens in personalized medicine for lung cancer patients: Hyojin Kim, Jin-Haeng Chung; J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(6):326-333. Published online November 9, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.10.17

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Every patient with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) should be tested for targetable driver mutations and gene arrangements that may open avenues for targeted therapy. As most patients with NSCLC in the advanced stage of the disease are not candidates for surgery, these tests have to be performed on small biopsies or cytology samples. A growing number of other genetic changes with targetable mutations may be treatable in the near future. To identify patients who might benefit from novel targeted therapy, relevant markers should be tested in an appropriate context. In addition, immunotherapy of lung cancer is guided by the status of programmed death-ligand 1 expression in tumor cells. The variety and versatility of cytological specimen preparations offer significant advantages for molecular testing; however, they frequently remain underused. Therefore, evaluating the utility and adequacy of cytologic specimens is important, not only from a lung cancer diagnosis, but also for the large number of ancillary studies that are necessary to provide appropriate clinical management. A large proportion of lung cancers is diagnosed by aspiration or exfoliative cytology specimens; thus, optimizing strategies to triage and best use the tissue for diagnosis and biomarker studies forms a critical component of lung cancer management. In this review, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of using cytologic specimens for biomarker testing of lung cancer and the role of cytopathology in the molecular era.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Molecular testing of cytology specimens: Issues in specimen adequacy and clinical utility
Ghulam Ghous, Komal Ijaz, Magda Esebua, Lester J. Layfield
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2024; 52(2): 123. CrossRef
The updated College of American Pathologists principles of analytic validation of immunohistochemical assays: A step forward for cytopathology
Sinchita Roy‐Chowdhuri
Cancer Cytopathology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Current status and future perspectives of liquid biopsy in non-small cell lung cancer: Sunhee Chang, Jae Young Hur, Yoon-La Choi, Chang Hun Lee, Wan Seop Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(3):204-212. Published online April 15, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.02.27

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Abstract PDF

With advances in target therapy, molecular analysis of tumors is routinely required for treatment decisions in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Liquid biopsy refers to the sampling and analysis of circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) in various body fluids, primarily blood. Because the technique is minimally invasive, liquid biopsies are the future in cancer management. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ctDNA tests have been performed in routine clinical practice in advanced NSCLC patients to guide tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. In the near future, liquid biopsy will be a crucial prognostic, predictive, and diagnostic method in NSCLC. Here we present the current status and future perspectives of liquid biopsy in NSCLC.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Tailored point-of-care biosensors for liquid biopsy in the field of oncology
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Akash Bararia, Prosenjeet Chakraborty, Paromita Roy, Bitan Kumar Chattopadhay, Amlan Das, Aniruddha Chatterjee, Nilabja Sikdar
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 29(15): 2241. CrossRef
Liquid biopsy in the management of advanced lung cancer: Implementation and practical aspects
Gabriela Fernandes, Ana Rodrigues, Cláudia Matos, Fernando Barata, Luís Cirnes, Lurdes Ferreira, José Albino Lopes, Margarida Felizardo, Paula Fidalgo, Ulisses Brito, Bárbara Parente
Cancer Treatment and Research Communications.2023; 36: 100725. CrossRef
Tweezer PCR: A Highly Specific Method for Accurate Identification of Low-Abundance Mutations
Shanglin Li, Yin Gu, Zhi Geng, Kaiyi Li, Yawei Hu, Qiang Liu, Rongxin Fu, Peng Liu
Analytical Chemistry.2023; 95(48): 17679. CrossRef
Mesonephric-like Adenocarcinoma of the Ovary: Clinicopathological and Molecular Characteristics
Hyun Hee Koh, Eunhyang Park, Hyun-Soo Kim
Diagnostics.2022; 12(2): 326. CrossRef
Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma of the Uterus: Clinicopathological and Molecular Characteristics
Yurimi Lee, Kiyong Na, Ha Young Woo, Hyun-Soo Kim
Diagnostics.2022; 12(5): 1102. CrossRef
Exosomal MicroRNA Analyses in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines
Sora Kim, Gwang Ha Kim, Su Jin Park, Chae Hwa Kwon, Hoseok I, Moon Won Lee, Bong Eun Lee
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(15): 4426. CrossRef
Molecular biomarker testing for non–small cell lung cancer: consensus statement of the Korean Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group
Sunhee Chang, Hyo Sup Shim, Tae Jung Kim, Yoon-La Choi, Wan Seop Kim, Dong Hoon Shin, Lucia Kim, Heae Surng Park, Geon Kook Lee, Chang Hun Lee
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2021; 55(3): 181. CrossRef
Update on molecular pathology and role of liquid biopsy in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Pamela Abdayem, David Planchard
European Respiratory Review.2021; 30(161): 200294. CrossRef
Dynamics of Specific cfDNA Fragments in the Plasma of Full Marathon Participants
Takehito Sugasawa, Shin-ichiro Fujita, Tomoaki Kuji, Noriyo Ishibashi, Kenshirou Tamai, Yasushi Kawakami, Kazuhiro Takekoshi
Genes.2021; 12(5): 676. CrossRef
Future Perspectives in Detecting EGFR and ALK Gene Alterations in Liquid Biopsies of Patients with NSCLC
Daniela Ferreira, Juliana Miranda, Paula Martins-Lopes, Filomena Adega, Raquel Chaves
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(8): 3815. CrossRef
Real-World Analysis of the EGFR Mutation Test in Tissue and Plasma Samples from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Hyunwoo Lee, Joungho Han, Yoon-La Choi
Diagnostics.2021; 11(9): 1695. CrossRef
Objective Quantitation of EGFR Protein Levels using Quantitative Dot Blot Method for the Prognosis of Gastric Cancer Patients
Lei Xin, Fangrong Tang, Bo Song, Maozhou Yang, Jiandi Zhang
Journal of Gastric Cancer.2021; 21(4): 335. CrossRef
The Role of the Liquid Biopsy in Decision-Making for Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
D. Akhoundova, J. Mosquera Martinez, L. E. Musmann, C. Britschgi, C. Rütsche, M. Rechsteiner, E. Nadal, M. R. Garcia Campelo, A. Curioni-Fontecedro
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2020; 9(11): 3674. CrossRef
Expanding opportunities in precision oncology
T Raja
Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment.2020; 3(4): 863. CrossRef

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