- Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Subclassification into Basal, Ductal, and Mixed Subtypes Based on Comparison of Clinico-pathologic Features and Expression of p53, Cyclin D1, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, p16, and Human Papillomavirus
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Kyung-Ja Cho, Se Un Jeong, Sung Bae Kim, Sang-wook Lee, Seung-Ho Choi, Soon Yuhl Nam, Sang Yoon Kim
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J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(4):374-380. Published online June 8, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.03.03
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Abstract
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- Background
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma with distinct pathologic characteristics. The histogenesis of BSCC is not fully understood, and the cancer has been suggested to originate from a totipotent primitive cell in the basal cell layer of the surface epithelium or in the proximal duct of secretory glands.
Methods Twenty-six cases of head and neck BSCC from Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, reported during a 14-year-period were subclassified into basal, ductal, and mixed subtypes according to the expression of basal (cytokeratin [CK] 5/6, p63) or ductal markers (CK7, CK8/18). The cases were also subject to immunohistochemical study for CK19, p53, cyclin D1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and p16 and to in situ hybridization for human papillomavirus (HPV), and the results were clinico-pathologically compared.
Results Mixed subtype (12 cases) was the most common, and these cases showed hypopharyngeal predilection, older age, and higher expression of CK19, p53, and EGFR than other subtypes. The basal subtype (nine cases) showed frequent comedo-necrosis and high expression of cyclin D1. The ductal subtype (five cases) showed the lowest expression of p53, cyclin D1, and EGFR. A small number of p16- and/or HPV-positive cases were not restricted to one subtype. BSCC was the cause of death in 19 patients, and the average follow-up period for all patients was 79.5 months. Overall survival among the three subtypes was not significantly different.
Conclusions The results of this study suggest a heterogeneous pathogenesis of head and neck BSCC. Each subtype showed variable histology and immunoprofiles, although the clinical implication of heterogeneity was not determined in this study.
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Citations
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- HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer: epidemiology, molecular biology and clinical management
Matt Lechner, Jacklyn Liu, Liam Masterson, Tim R. Fenton Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology.2022; 19(5): 306. CrossRef - Neoadjuvant treatment combined with planned endoscopic surgery in locally advanced sphenoid sinus basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
Yinghong Zhang, Suqing Tian, Yali Du, Qiang Zuo, Li Zhu, Furong Ma Medicine: Case Reports and Study Protocols.2022; 3(6): e0044. CrossRef - Cetuximab and paclitaxel combination therapy for recurrent basaloid squamous cell carcinoma in the ethmoid sinus
Satoshi Koyama, Kazunori Fujiwara, Tsuyoshi Morisaki, Taihei Fujii, Yosuke Nakamura, Takahiro Fukuhara, Hiromi Takeuchi Auris Nasus Larynx.2021; 48(6): 1189. CrossRef - Constitutive Hedgehog/GLI2 signaling drives extracutaneous basaloid squamous cell carcinoma development and bone remodeling
Marina Grachtchouk, Jianhong Liu, Mark E Hutchin, Paul W Harms, Dafydd Thomas, Lebing Wei, Aiqin Wang, Donelle Cummings, Lori Lowe, Jonathan Garlick, James Sciubba, Arul M Chinnaiyan, Monique E Verhaegen, Andrzej A Dlugosz Carcinogenesis.2021; 42(8): 1100. CrossRef - Conjunctival ‘mucoepidermoid carcinoma’ revisited: a revision of terminology, based on morphologic, immunohistochemical and molecular findings of 14 cases, and the 2018 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Eye
Hardeep S. Mudhar, Tatyana Milman, Paul J.L. Zhang, Carol L. Shields, Ralph C. Eagle, Sara E. Lally, Jerry A. Shields, Sachin M. Salvi, Paul A. Rundle, Jennifer Tan, Ian G. Rennie Modern Pathology.2020; 33(7): 1242. CrossRef - Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma with adenoid cystic‐like features of the head and neck region: A report of two cases
Kimihide Kusafuka, Haruna Yagi, Satoshi Baba, Hiroshi Inagaki, Chinatsu Tsuchiya, Kazuki Hirata, Aya Muramatsu, Makoto Suzuki, Kazumori Arai, Tadashi Terada Pathology International.2020; 70(10): 767. CrossRef - Association study of cell cycle proteins and human papillomavirus in laryngeal cancer in Chinese population
Lifang Cui, Congling Qu, Honggang Liu Clinical Otolaryngology.2019; 44(3): 323. CrossRef - Liver metastatic basaloid squamous cell carcinoma with negative expression of pancytokeratin: a case report and literature review
Linxiu Liu, Xuemin Xue, Liyan Xue Diagnostic Pathology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma at the Floor of the Mouth and Mandible: A Case Report
Jun-Sang Lee, Uk-Kyu Kim, Dae-Seok Hwang, Jun-Ho Lee, Hong-Seok Choi, Na-Rae Choi, Mi Heon Ryu, Gyoo Cheon Kim The Korean Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.2019; 43(5): 197. CrossRef - p53 and p16 expression in oral cavity squamous cell and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
Allisson Filipe Lopes Martins, Carlos Henrique Pereira, Marília Oliveira Morais, Paulo Otávio Carmo Souza, Lucas Borges Fleury Fernandes, Aline Carvalho Batista, Elismauro Francisco Mendonça Oral Cancer.2018; 2(1-2): 7. CrossRef - Expression and role of EGFR, cyclin�D1 and KRAS in laryngocarcinoma tissues
Xinsheng Lin, Guofeng Wen, Shuangle Wang, Hangui Lu, Chuangwei Li, Xin Wang Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
- Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Cell Cycle Related Protein Expression in Tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinomas of Korean Patients with Clinicopathologic Analysis
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Miji Lee, Sung Bae Kim, Sang-wook Lee, Jong-Lyel Roh, Seung-Ho Choi, Soon Yuhl Nam, Sang Yoon Kim, Kyung-Ja Cho
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Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(2):148-157. Published online April 24, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.2.148
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7,984
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- Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) has recently been characterized as a distinct subset with a favorable prognosis. The prevalence and clinicopathologic significance of HPV-related TSCC in Koreans are not well known. MethodsHPV in situ hybridization (ISH) accompanied by p53, p16, pRb, and cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining were performed on 89 resection cases of TSCC from 2000 through 2010. ResultsHPV was detected by ISH in 59 of 89 cases (66.3%). HPV-positive TSCCs were more common in younger ages (p=0.005), and tumor sizes were smaller in the HPV-positive compared to the HPV-negative group (p=0.040). Positive HPV staining was significantly correlated with p16 expression (p<0.001), pRb inactivation (p=0.003), and cyclin D1 down-regulation (p<0.001) but not with p53 expression (p=0.334). Seventeen cases that showed p16-immunopositivity with HPV-negativity by ISH were retested by HPV typing; HPV DNA was not detected in all cases. There was no significant difference between HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients either in the disease-specific survival (DSS, p=0.857) or overall survival (p=0.910). Furthermore, pRb-inactivated cases showed better DSS (p=0.023), and p53-positive cases showed worse DSS (p=0.001). ConclusionsAlthough high HPV prevalence was noted, it was not correlated with histopathologic findings or survival benefit. In addition to p53 expression, pRb inactivation along with p16 overexpression and down-regulation of cyclin D1 are thought to be important pathogenetic steps for developing TSCCs.
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Ha Young Park, Joong Seob Lee, Jee Hye Wee, Jeong Wook Kang, Eun Soo Kim, Taeryool Koo, Hee Sung Hwang, Hyo Jung Kim, Ho Suk Kang, Hyun Lim, Nan Young Kim, Eun Sook Nam, Seong Jin Cho, Mi Jung Kwon Biomedicines.2023; 11(3): 851. CrossRef - Clinicopathologic characterization of cervical metastasis from an unknown primary tumor: a multicenter study in Korea
Miseon Lee, Uiree Jo, Joon Seon Song, Youn Soo Lee, Chang Gok Woo, Dong-Hoon Kim, Jung Yeon Kim, Sun Och Yoon, Kyung-Ja Cho Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(3): 166. CrossRef - Negative Prognostic Implication of TERT Promoter Mutations in Human Papillomavirus–Negative Tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinoma Under the New 8th AJCC Staging System
Hyunchul Kim, Mi Jung Kwon, Bumjung Park, Hyo Geun Choi, Eun Sook Nam, Seong Jin Cho, Kyueng-Whan Min, Eun Soo Kim, Hee Sung Hwang, Mineui Hong, Taeryool Koo, Hyo Jung Kim Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2021; 12(S1): 134. CrossRef - Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus and its genotype distribution in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Yuil Kim, Young-Hoon Joo, Min-Sik Kim, Youn Soo Lee Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2020; 54(5): 411. CrossRef - Frequent hepatocyte growth factor overexpression and low frequency of c-Met gene amplification in human papillomavirus–negative tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma and their prognostic significances
Mi Jung Kwon, Dong Hoon Kim, Hye-Rim Park, Hyung Sik Shin, Ji Hyun Kwon, Dong Jin Lee, Jin Hwan Kim, Seong Jin Cho, Eun Sook Nam Human Pathology.2014; 45(7): 1327. CrossRef
- Metastatic Carcinomas to the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx
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Su-Jin Shin, Jong-Lyel Roh, Seung-Ho Choi, Soon Yuhl Nam, Sang Yoon Kim, Sung Bae Kim, Sang-wook Lee, Kyung-Ja Cho
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Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(3):266-271. Published online June 22, 2012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.3.266
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10,005
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- Background
Metastases to the oral/oropharynx are very rare and their diagnosis is challenging. MethodsWe reviewed pathologic data for malignant tumors of the oral/oropharynx that were diagnosed at the Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea from 1995 until 2010. ResultsTwenty-nine cases of oral/oropharyngeal metastases were retrieved, comprising 2.0% of 1,445 malignancies. The most common primary sites were the liver and lung, followed by the stomach, colon, breast, prostate, and kidney. The gingiva was the most common metastatic site, followed by the tonsil/pillar, mandible, tongue, tongue base, palate mucosa, mouth floor, and buccal mucosa. Intervals between detection of primary tumors and metastases were variable, from -1 month to 104 months. Ten patients with lung (7 cases), liver, stomach, and kidney carcinomas manifested with oral/oropharyngeal metastases as the first sign of systemic metastases. The majority of patients had died within one year of the onset of an oral/oropharyngeal metastasis, but exceptionally long-lived cases were also present. The survival periods of patients with lung cancers were longer than those of patients with non-pulmonary tumors. ConclusionsAn awareness of the incidence, common primary sites, metastatic subsites, and metastatic courses or patterns of oral/oropharyngeal metastases is helpful in the diagnosis of metastatic carcinomas.
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