Fig. 1Photomicrographs, hematoxylin and eosin stain. (A-C, G-I) Peripheral ameloblastoma (PA). (D-F, J-L) Oral basal cell carcinoma (OBCC). (B, E, G, J) Low magnification. (C, F, H, K) High magnification. 1: Subepithelial area (B, C, E, F). 2: Deep connective tissue area (G, H, J, K). (B, C) Subepithelial area in PA. (G, H) Deep connective tissue in PA, note the palisading basal layer cells. (E, F) Subepithelial area in OBCC. (J, K) Deep connective tissue in OBCC, note the proliferating basal layer cells. (I, L) Toluidine blue stain. (I) Juxta-epithelial pink staining (arrows). (L) Many mast cells (arrows) in the stromal tissue.
Fig. 2Photomicrographs of immunohistochemical staining results, no background stain. (A-T, upper panels) Peripheral ameloblastoma (PA). (A-T, lower panels) Oral basal cell carcinoma (OBCC). (A) Ameloblastin. (B) Amelogenin. (C) Krox-25. (D) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). (E) Patched homologue 1 (PTCH1). (F) E-Cadherin. (G) Cathepsin K. (H) Focal adhesion kinase (FAK). (I) KL1. (J) p63. (K) N-RAS. (L) Son of sevenless-1 (SOS-1). (M) Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). (N) Sonic hedgehog (SHH). (O) p53. (P) Survivin. (Q) β-Catenin. (R) α1-Antitrypsin. (S) β-Defensin 1. (T) β-Defensin 2. (U) β-Defensin 3.
Fig. 3Photomicrographs of immunohistochemical stainings, no background stain. (A-V, upper panels) Peripheral ameloblastoma (PA). (A-V, lower panels) Oral basal cell carcinoma (OBCC). (A) Tumor nescrosis factor-α (TNFα). (B) Cytokeratin-7 (CK-7). (C) Epithelial cell adhesion molecule, Ber-EP4 (EpCam). (D) Matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-1. (E) MMP-2. (F) MMP-9. (G) Transglutaminase (TGase)-1. (H) TGase-2. (I) v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1, phosphorylated at Thr 308 (pAKT1). (J) Epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR). (K) Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). (L) Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB). (M) Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). (N) B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2). (O) Poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP). (P) 14-3-3. (Q) Neurofibromin-1 (NF-1). (R) Pivotal integration site 1 (PIM1). (S) Heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70). (T) Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). (U) von Willebrand factor (vWF). (V) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). (W) Negative control.
Table 1.Antibodies used in this study
Group |
n |
Antibody |
Odontogenic proteins |
3 |
Ameloblastina, amelogenina, Krox-2513
|
Growth factor-related proteins |
7 |
pAKTb, EGFRc, c-erbB2c, N-RASb, SHHa, SOS-1a, TGF-β1d
|
Proliferation-related proteins |
4 |
eIF5Ab, NFkBc, p53a, PCNAb
|
Apoptosis-related proteins |
4 |
BCL-2a, FASa, FASLa, PARPa
|
Oncoproteins |
10 |
14-3-3a, CEAb, NF-1c, PIM1d, PTCH1a, STAT3a, survivind, β-cateninec, E-cadherinc, Wnt1a
|
Immune proteins |
6 |
α1-ATa, CD3a, β-defensin-1a, β-defensin-2a, β-defensin-3a, TNFαa
|
Matrix-related proteins |
13 |
Cathepsin Gc, cathepsin Kc, CK-7a, EpCama, FAKa, HSP-70a, KL1a, MMP-1b, MMP-2b, MMP-9a, p63a, TGase-1a, TGase-2a
|
Angiogenesis-related proteins |
3 |
HIFd, VEGFd, vWFb
|
Total |
50 |
|
Table 2.IHC array comparison between PA and OBCC
Groups/Contrast reaction |
Dominant in PA |
Dominant in OBCC |
Similar in both |
Odontogenic proteins |
ameloblastin |
- |
- |
|
amelogenin, Krox-25 |
|
|
Growth factor-related proteins |
- |
N-RAS, SOS-1 |
EGFR |
|
|
TGF-β1, SHH |
c-erbB2 |
|
|
pAKT1 |
|
Proliferation-related proteins |
- |
p53 |
eIF5A, NFkB, PCNA |
Apoptosis-related proteins |
- |
- |
BCL-2, FAS, FASL, PARP |
Oncoproteins |
CEA, PTCH1 |
survivin, α1-AT |
14-3-3, NF-1, PIM1 |
|
E-cadherin |
β-catenin |
STAT3 |
Immune proteins |
- |
β-defensin-1 |
CD3 |
|
|
β-defensin-2 |
|
|
|
β-defensin-3, TNFα |
|
Matrix-related proteins |
cathepsin K |
cathepsin G, CK-7 |
HSP-70, MMP-9 |
|
FAK, KL1, p63 |
EpCam |
|
|
|
MMP-1, MMP-2 |
|
|
|
TGase-1, TGase-2 |
|
Angiogenesis-related proteins |
- |
- |
HIF, vWF, VEGF |
Total (n = 50) |
11 |
18 |
21 |