Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Reviews

Current Status of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Practice in Thailand: Somboon Keelawat, Samreung Rangdaeng, Supinda Koonmee, Tikamporn Jitpasutham, Andrey Bychkov; J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(6):565-570. Published online November 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.08.12

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Thyroid carcinoma is one of the leading malignancies in Thailand increasingly prevalent in the female population. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is a widely used diagnostic tool for evaluation of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. Thyroid FNA is a routine procedure universally performed in Thai hospitals by a variety of clinical specialists. Manual guidance is the first-line choice complemented by ultrasound assistance in selected cases. Despite national guidelines recommendations, the diagnostic criteria and terminology of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) was slowly adopted in the local settings. Currently, the Bethesda system is actively promoted by the local professional societies as a uniform reporting system. Experience with thyroid FNA has been rarely reported to date—only a handful of publications are available in local journals. Our review, in addition to presenting various aspects of thyroid FNA in Thailand, established for the first time national references for a certain statistical outputs of TBSRTC based on the original multi-institutional cohort. The risk of malignancy in 2,017 operated thyroid nodules collected from three tertiary thyroid cancer centers was 21.7%, 14.7%, 35.9%, 44.4%, 76.7%, and 92.6% for categories I to VI, respectively. The malignancy risk in several diagnostic categories (II to IV) was higher than the risk estimated by TBSRTC and recent meta-analysis studies. We endorse the use of uniform terminology of the Bethesda system in Thailand, which will help facilitate communication among diverse medical professionals involved in the management of patients with thyroid nodules, to share local experience with the international audience.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Asian Thyroid Working Group, from 2017 to 2023
Kennichi Kakudo, Chan Kwon Jung, Zhiyan Liu, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Andrey Bychkov, Huy Gia Vuong, Somboon Keelawat, Radhika Srinivasan, Jen-Fan Hang, Chiung-Ru Lai
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(6): 289. CrossRef
Application of the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology for classification of thyroid nodules: A clinical and cytopathological characteristics in Bhutanese population
Sonam Choden, Chimi Wangmo, Sushna Maharjan
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2021; 49(11): 1179. CrossRef
Patient Discomfort in Relation to Thyroid Nodule Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) Performed with or without Parenteral and/or Topical Anesthetic
Chenxiang Cao, Sina Jasim, Amrita Cherian, Aziza Nassar, Ana-Maria Chindris, Ana Marcella Rivas, Stephanie Bonnett, Melanie Caserta, Marius N. Stan, Victor J. Bernet
Endocrine Practice.2020; 26(12): 1497. CrossRef
Incidence and malignancy rates classified by The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) – An 8-year tertiary center experience in Thailand
Yotsapon Thewjitcharoen, Siriwan Butadej, Soontaree Nakasatien, Phawinpon Chotwanvirat, Sriurai Porramatikul, Sirinate Krittiyawong, Nampetch Lekpittaya, Thep Himathongkam
Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology.2019; 16: 100175. CrossRef
The Use of Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) Cytology in Patients with Thyroid Nodules in Asia: A Brief Overview of Studies from the Working Group of Asian Thyroid FNA Cytology
Chan Kwon Jung, SoonWon Hong, Andrey Bychkov, Kennichi Kakudo
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2017; 51(6): 571. CrossRef
Thyroid FNA cytology in Asian practice—Active surveillance for indeterminate thyroid nodules reduces overtreatment of thyroid carcinomas
K. Kakudo, M. Higuchi, M. Hirokawa, S. Satoh, C. K. Jung, A. Bychkov
Cytopathology.2017; 28(6): 455. CrossRef

Thyroid Cytology in India: Contemporary Review and Meta-analysis: Shipra Agarwal, Deepali Jain; J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(6):533-547. Published online October 5, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.08.04

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Abstract PDF

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a screening test for triaging thyroid nodules, aiding in subsequent clinical management. However, the advantages have been overshadowed by the multiplicity of reporting systems and a wide range of nomenclature used. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) was formulated in 2007, to give the world a uniform thyroid cytology reporting system, facilitating easy interpretation by the clinicians. Here, we review the status of thyroid FNAC in India in terms of various reporting systems used including a meta-analysis of the previously published data. An extensive literature search was performed using internet search engines. The reports with detailed classification system used in thyroid cytology were included. The meta-analysis of published data was compared with the implied risk of malignancy by TBSRTC. More than 50 studies were retrieved and evaluated. TBSRTC is currently the most widely used reporting system with different studies showing good efficacy and interobserver concordance. Ancillary techniques have, as of now, limited applicability and acceptability in thyroid cytology in India. Twenty-eight published articles met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. When compared with TBSRTC recommendations, the meta-analysis showed a higher risk of malignancy for categories I and III. Thyroid FNAC is practiced all over India. TBSRTC has found widespread acceptance, with most institutions using this system for routine thyroid cytology reporting. However, reasons for a high malignancy risk for categories I and III need to be looked into. Various possible contributing factors are discussed in the review.

Citations

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Thermal imaging based pre-diagnostics tool for Graves’ disease
Vaishali Sharma, Vandana K Dhingra, Snehlata Shakya, Ashok Kumar, Mayank Goswami
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High Malignancy Risk and Its Predictors in South Indian Patients With Bethesda II Thyroid Nodules
Sunanda Tirupati, Pradeep Puthenveetil, Shilpa Lakkundi, Anudeep Gaddam, Vijaya Sarathi
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of thyroid lesions by the bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology
SyedAsif Hashmi, Monika Aggrawal, Rahul Pandey, Deepika Gulati, InamDanish Khan
Journal of Marine Medical Society.2023; 25(1): 73. CrossRef
Incidence and Malignancy Rates in Thyroid Nodules in North-East Indian Population by Bethesda System: A Single Institutional Experience of 3 Years
Suvamoy Chakraborty, Manu C. Balakrishnan, Vandana Raphael, Prachurya Tamuli, Anuradha Deka
South Asian Journal of Cancer.2023; 12(02): 166. CrossRef
Evaluation of Concordance of Ultrasound, Cytology, and Histopathology in Solitary Thyroid Nodules
Sunil Chumber, Surabhi Vyas, Kamal Kataria, Shipra Agarwal, Yashwant S Rathore, Gopal Puri, Sushma Yadav, Kanika Sharma, Amit Patidar
Indian Journal of Endocrine Surgery and Research.2023; 18(1): 17. CrossRef
Cytomorphological Spectrum of Head and Neck Lesions by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in a Tertiary Care Center
Amandeep Kaur, Sonali Poonia, Karandeep Singh, Dalbir Kaur, Mohit Madhukar, Ravish Godara
Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.2023; 15(Suppl 1): S315. CrossRef
The Asian Thyroid Working Group, from 2017 to 2023
Kennichi Kakudo, Chan Kwon Jung, Zhiyan Liu, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Andrey Bychkov, Huy Gia Vuong, Somboon Keelawat, Radhika Srinivasan, Jen-Fan Hang, Chiung-Ru Lai
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(6): 289. CrossRef
Cytomorphological categorization of thyroid lesions according to the bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytology and correlation with their histological outcome: An indian oncology centre experience
Meenakshi Kamboj, Anurag Mehta, Sunil Pasricha, Gurudutt Gupta, Anila Sharma, Garima Durga
Journal of Cytology.2022; 39(1): 44. CrossRef
Is surgery necessary in benign thyroid lesions?
Pushkar Chaudhary, Naseem Noorunnisa
Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University.2022; 17(3): 799. CrossRef
Effect of the Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm With Papillary-Like Nuclear Features (NIFTP) Nomenclature Revision on Indian Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Practice
Chanchal Rana, Pooja Ramakant, Divya Goel, Akanksha Singh, KulRanjan Singh, Suresh Babu, Anand Mishra
American Journal of Clinical Pathology.2021; 156(2): 320. CrossRef
The combination of ACR‐Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data system and The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology in the evaluation of thyroid nodules—An institutional experience
Shanmugasundaram Sakthisankari, Sreenivasan Vidhyalakshmi, Sivanandam Shanthakumari, Balalakshmoji Devanand, Udayasankar Nagul
Cytopathology.2021; 32(4): 472. CrossRef
Risk of malignancy in Thyroid “Atypia of undetermined significance/Follicular lesion of undetermined significance” and its subcategories – A 5-year experience
Abha Thakur, Haimanti Sarin, Dilpreet Kaur, Deepak Sarin
Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology.2019; 62(4): 544. CrossRef
Thyroid FNA cytology in Asian practice—Active surveillance for indeterminate thyroid nodules reduces overtreatment of thyroid carcinomas
K. Kakudo, M. Higuchi, M. Hirokawa, S. Satoh, C. K. Jung, A. Bychkov
Cytopathology.2017; 28(6): 455. CrossRef
The Use of Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) Cytology in Patients with Thyroid Nodules in Asia: A Brief Overview of Studies from the Working Group of Asian Thyroid FNA Cytology
Chan Kwon Jung, SoonWon Hong, Andrey Bychkov, Kennichi Kakudo
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2017; 51(6): 571. CrossRef

Case Report

Plexiform Angiomyxoid Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Stomach: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature: Youngran Kang, Wonkyung Jung, In-Gu Do, Eui Jin Lee, Min Hyeong Lee, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Jongsang Choi; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(3):292-296. Published online June 22, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.3.292

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Abstract PDF

Plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblastic tumor (PAMT) of the stomach is a recently recognized entity. Because of its rarity, only 22 cases have been reported in the English-language literature and most of these are single case reports. We report two cases of gastric PAMT. The tumor cells were bland and plexiform arranged in a myxoid stroma, which was positive for alcian blue. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for smooth muscle actin, but negative for c-kit, CD34, desmin, S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, neurofilament, and protein kinase C-theta. Mutation analyses for exon 9, 11, 13, and 17 of KIT genes and 12, 14, and 18 of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) genes were performed and the tumors were wild-type for mutation.

Citations

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Endoscopic submucosal excavation for gastric plexiform fibromyxoma: A case report and systematic review of literature
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Recurrent plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblastic tumour (PAMT) of the stomach with aggressive behaviour
Pavithra Ayyanar, Hemanta Kumar Nayak, Subash Chandra Samal, Madhabananda Kar, Pritinanda Mishra, Susama Patra
Pathology.2022; 54(5): 650. CrossRef
An Unusual Stomach Tumour: Plexiform Angiomyxoid Fibroma Stomach—A Case Report
Sharath K. Krishnan, Ravindran Chirukandath, Togy Zachariah, Rajiv Sajan Thomas
Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2022; 13(4): 691. CrossRef
Gastric Plexiform Fibromyxoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
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Advances in Clinical Medicine.2022; 12(12): 12033. CrossRef
Plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblastic tumor treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection: A case report and review of the literature
Jian-Di Wu, Yi-Xiong Chen, Chang Luo, Feng-Hua Xu, Lei Zhang, Xiao-Hua Hou, Jun Song
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 27(31): 5288. CrossRef
Gastric Plexiform Fibromyxoma with Two Different Growth Patterns on Histological Images: a Case Report
Zhenyu Li, Qingming Jiang, Dongfang Guo, Yangling Peng, Jing Zhang, Xinyu Chen
Journal of Gastric Cancer.2021; 21(2): 213. CrossRef
Gastric plexiform fibromyxoma resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection: A case report and review of literature
XiaoBo Zhao, XinLou Li, Xin Huang, Le Shang, JianZhong Zhang, JiHua Wu
Human Pathology: Case Reports.2021; 23: 200468. CrossRef
Plexiform fibromyxoma: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of two cases with a literature review
Shaofei Ma, Jing Wang, Zhanjun Lu, Chaoying Shi, Daohua Yang, Jun Lin
Journal of International Medical Research.2021; 49(8): 030006052110278. CrossRef
A rare case of plexiform fibromyxoma in stomach: FNA diagnosis with histological correlation and differential diagnoses
Yujun Gan, Ghassan Hammoud, Magda Esebua
Annals of Diagnostic Pathology.2020; 44: 151453. CrossRef
Gastric plexiform fibromyxoma: A case report
Jin-Yu Pei, Bin Tan, Peng Liu, Guang-Hua Cao, Zu-Sen Wang, Lin-Lin Qu
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2020; 8(22): 5639. CrossRef
GASTRIC PLEXIFORM FIBROMYXOMA, AN UNCOMMON MESENCHYMAL TUMOR
Cristina Magadán Álvarez, Jose M. Olmos-Martínez, M Soledad Trugeda Carrera, María José Fernandez Diaz, Enrique Toledo Martínez, Remigio Mazorra Horts, Marta M Mayorga Fernández, Ruben Darío Arias Pacheco, Berta Martín Rivas
Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Pediatric plexiform fibromyxoma
Mitsuharu Fukazawa, Hiroshi Koga, Shoji Hiroshige, Toshifumi Matsumoto, Yuichi Nakazono, Yasuji Yoshikawa
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An Update on Clinicopathological and Molecular Features of Plexiform Fibromyxoma
Hsuan-An Su, Hsu-Heng Yen, Chih-Jung Chen
Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef
A rare case of plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblastic tumor in the stomach which was diagnosed at the earliest stage in the literature
Xi Li, Shuangqing Li, Shenghua Xiong, Zhujun Wang, Hu Zhang
Gastroenterology Report.2018; 6(4): 313. CrossRef
Plexiform fibromyxoma of the small bowel: A case report
Wei-Guang Zhang, Liang-Bi Xu, Yi-Ning Xiang, Chen-Hong Duan
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2018; 6(15): 1067. CrossRef
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Li Liang, Lin Fanzong, Zhang Peixi, Han Cuihong
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2017; 45(1): 55. CrossRef
Duodenal plexiform fibromyxoma as a cause of obscure upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Demetrios Moris, Evangelia Spanou, Stavros Sougioultzis, Nikolaos Dimitrokallis, Polyxeni Kalisperati, Ioanna Delladetsima, Evangelos Felekouras
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Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of a plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblastic tumor: a case report
Hiroyuki Akai, Shigeru Kiryu, Masaru Shinozaki, Yasunori Ohta, Yoshiyasu Nakano, Koichiro Yasaka, Kuni Ohtomo
BMC Medical Imaging.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Plexiform Angiomyxoid Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Stomach: a Rare Case
Su Mi Kim, Ji Yeong An, Min-Gew Choi, Jun Ho Lee, Tae Sung Sohn, Kyung-Mee Kim, Sung Kim, Jae Moon Bae
Journal of Gastric Cancer.2017; 17(3): 277. CrossRef
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Min-Xia Yang, Zhen-Hua Zhao, Jian-Feng Yang, Bing Chen, Xun-Ze Shen, Jian-Guo Wei, Bo-Yin Wang
Medicine.2017; 96(52): e8967. CrossRef
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor with a PDGFRA mutation masquerading as gastric plexiform fibromyxoma: A comparative clinicopathological study of two cases
Jun Zhou, Jingjing Xu, Guozhong Jiang, Yihui Ma, Jingwen Qi, Wencai Li, Dandan Zhang
Oncology Letters.2017; 13(2): 887. CrossRef
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Michael W. Morris, Lisa Sullivan, David E. Sawaya, Michael A. Steiner, Michael J. Nowicki
Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports.2016; 4: 38. CrossRef
Unusual focal keratin expression in plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblastic tumor
Giuseppe Quero, Teresa Musarra, Alfredo Carrato, Michelangelo Fici, Maurizio Martini, Angelo Paolo Dei Tos, Sergio Alfieri, Riccardo Ricci
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Yoshikage Inoue, Shutaro Gunji, Kazutaka Obama, Hiroshi Okabe, Yoshiharu Sakai
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JOSHUA ROBERT KANE, NATASHA LEWIS, REBECCA LIN, CELINA VILLA, ALEXANDRA LARSON, JEFFREY D. WAYNE, ANJANA V. YELDANDI, WILLIAM B. LASKIN
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A case of gastric plexiform fibromyxoma: radiological and pathological findings
Katsumi Sakamoto, Masakazu Hirakawa, Kazushige Atsumi, Koshi Mimori, Kohei Shibata, Taro Tobo, Hidetaka Yamamoto, Hiroshi Honda
Japanese Journal of Radiology.2014; 32(7): 431. CrossRef
Plexiform Angiomyxoid Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Stomach: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
Soo-Heui Baek, Jung-Hee Yoon, Ji-Yeon Kim
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2014; 70(1): 47. CrossRef
Plexiform Fibromyxoma: Report of Two Pediatric Cases and Review of the Literature
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Original Article

The Status of Pathology Specimen Bank in Other Countries.: Han Ik Bae, Ghil Suk Yoon; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(6):379-383.

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Abstract PDF: Pathology specimen has been collected for purposes of education and research, particularly with respect to basic, developmental and translational studies in many areas of cancer research including molecular biology, immunology, and genetics. Even though no policy or ethical guideline drafted to regulate research tissue bank in Korea, advanced countries has been concerned ethical issues in the collections, storages, specimen transports and informatics for pathology specimen bank. Informed consent and confidentiality for protection of personal data records, which can be directly or indirectly associated with linked data from the donors' point of view, are the key to banking all over the world. The institutional review board (IRB) is important to ensure the scientific and ethical quality of pathologic specimen research. Increasing molecular genetic testing is also resulting in an increased demand of quality control for high quality nucleic acids. Most recently, the use of stored human tissue for education and research has become an object of increased ethical concern in Korea. Korean Association of Pathologists (KAP) has in urgent need of the policies and a standardized operating procedure, regulating a good collection practice of pathology specimen bank.

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