Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Volume 5(1); June 1994

Original Articles

Bronchoalveolar Lavage of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia: Cytological and Ultrastructural Features.: Kun Young Kwon, Cheol Hee Yun, Sang Pyo Kim, Kwan Kyu Park, Eun Sook Chang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1994;5(1):1-9.

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Abstract PDF: The cytological and ultrastructural findings of Pneumocystis carinii(PC) obtained from rats by bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) are described. All developmental forms of the PC organisms were obtained in the lavage fluid. Ultrastructurally, the cysts were almost circular in shape, and were nearly devoid of surface tubular extensions. The wall of the cyst was composed of an unit membrane, and intermediate electron lucent layer and an external electron dense layer. The cysts frequently contained intracystic bodies, so called sporozoites. Occasionally empty or collapsed cysts with no intracystic bodies, and precysts were found. Trophozoites were variable in size and shape with abundant tubular extensions along the single electron dense pellicle. BAL is a useful method for concentrating the various morphologic forms of PC organisms, and is a rapid diagnostic method for PC pneumonia.

Statistical Analysis for 1,575 Autopsy Cases of Koreans Admitted: C,H. Chi, H. Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1971;5(1):1-11.

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Abstract PDF: Total 1.575 Autopsy cases admitted to the National Medical Center at the period of 1958∼1967 were statistically analysed according to the underlying cause of death and International Classification of diseases. The cases were observed by year, sex, age and comparison between clinical diagnosis and histopathological autopsy diagnosis were made. As the result of present study following conclusion were obtained. 1) The autopsy rate against total hospital death was annually average 55%and ranges from 17, 4%to 99.1%. 2) By sex, 820 cases of male and 360 cases of female(2.3 : 1), infant male 178 cases and female 124 cases(1.4 : 1), and Still birth male 53 cases, female 38 cases(1.4 : 1). 3) Classification according to the underlying cause of death malignant tumor (18.2%) was the highest and among those malignant cases gastrointestinal tract tumor(7.6%) was upper most underlying cause of death. In order of frequency infections and parasitic diseases(14.6%) with highest incidence of tuberculosis(8.7%), Gastro-intestinal tract disease(10.5%), Diseases of circulatory system(8.8%), Still birth(7.4%). Respiratory system(5.6%), and Central nervous system(5.2%) were observed. 4) Misdiagnosis was clarified after autopsy on 20.9% of autopsy cases including 12.6% of unclearly defined clinical diagnosis.

Estrogen Receptor Analysis in Fine Needle Aspirates and Frozen Sections from Human Breast Carcinomas.: Gyung Yub Gong, Se Hyun Ahn, Kun Choon Park, Ghee Young Choe, Eun Sil Yu, In Chul Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1994;5(1):10-14.

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Abstract PDF: The expression of sex steroid hormone receptors by neoplastic cells is an important predictor of response to hormone therapy. Thus, the selection of treatment modality is often based on the identification of receptors in tumor tissue. Various monoclonal antibodies of high specificity are now available for analyzing the estrogen receptor(ER). With these antibodies, biochemical enzyme immunoassay and immunohistochemistry using histologic sections have been used for ER analysis. We used fine needle aspirates from 15 human primary breast carinomas for the analysis of ERs. The semiquantitative receptor values obtained in cytologic specimens were correlated well with those from histologic specimens. The results of ER in fine needle aspirates were concordant with ER in histologic specimens(r=0.94). Only three cases showed a little difference in staining intensity and proportion of positive cells. Our results showed a good correlation between the receptor values determined in cytologic smears and those determined in tissue sections. It is suggested that measurement of the ER in cytologic smears may be a reliable technique which can be performed on aspiration cytologic samples.

The Early Response of Albino Rat Skin to 3, 7-dimethylbenzanthracene: Dae Hyun Hwang, Young Che Kim; Korean J Cytopathol. 1971;5(1):13-16.

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Abstract PDF: It is a well known fact that the skin of rats, with a few exceptions, refractory to polycyclic hydrocarbons. The authors tried to observe whether or not the response to dimethylbenzanthracene of albino rats which are widely used in various experiments in our country is similar to that of mice as reported by Mider and Morton (1939) and Clamor and Stowell (1942) in early changes. It was confirmed that the skin reactions consisted of atrophy of the epidermis, elongation and proliferation of hair follicles, increased rate of mitotic division and squamous metaplasia of epithelial cells of the hair follicles, and cystic dilatation of the skin appendages.

A Study on an Automatic Detection of Uterine Cervical Pap-smears by Image Processing.: Sung Kyung Un, Chan Mo Park, Hwa Choon Park, So Young Yoon, Min Sun Cho, Soo Yeon Cho, Sung Sook Kim; Korean J Cytopathol. 1994;5(1):15-22.

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Abstract PDF: Cancer of the cervix is the most common malignancy in women in developing countries and the second most common cancer in women throughout the world with approximately 500,000 new cases each year. Prevention of this large number of premature deaths among women is, therefore, a goal worthy of urgent and serious consideration. In this thesis, an automatic cancerous nucleus detection method essential to a screening system with Papanicolaou stained specimens called Pap-smear is proposed which employs image processing techniques. It uses edge information to segment objects and morphologic as well as densitometric information to distinguish cancerous nuclei from dirts or normal nuclei. It has produced useful results in our study.

A Rapid Micromethod for Determination of Serum Calcium by Means of Orthocresolphthalein Complexone: Ki Hong Kim, Joo Sup Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1971;5(1):19-23.

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Abstract PDF: This study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of a rapid micromethod for determination of serum calcium. In 1966 Connrty and Briggs presented a greatly improved manual spectrophotometric method based upon release of the bound calcium by means of protein precipitation and the complete masking of the response of the dye to magnesium by means of 8-quinolinol. Their method was applied to a rapid micromethod in which the process of deproteinization was omitted and only 50 microliters serum was used as a sample instead of 1ml. Clark-Collip method, Diehl-Ellingboe’s EDTA method, and a micromethod using orthocresolphthalein a colar regent were carried out with thirty samples to compare the results each other. On the other hand normal values of healthy Koreans, male 96, female 94, were surveyed by the above mentioned micromethod. The results were followings. 1. Clark-Collip method: mean 9.03 mg Diehl-Ellingboe method: mean 8.99 mg A rapid micromethod: mean 8.88 mg 2. Normal values of Koreans by the rapid micromethod: male 9.47±0.45 mg, female 8.79±0.41 mg%, without consideration of sex 9.14±0.53 mg% Serum calcium levels of Koreans appeared to be lower than those of whites.

Case Report

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Subacute Necrotizing Lymphadenitis: Three Cases Report.: Soo Yeon Cho, Min Sun Cho, Sung Sook Kim, Hye Soo Koo, Woon Sub Han, Sung Min Chung; Korean J Cytopathol. 1994;5(1):23-27.

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Abstract PDF: Three cases of subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration(FNA) of enlarged lymph nodes are reported. The FNA smears contained randomly activated lymphoid cells, necrotic debris and histiocytes. The same patterns were found in subsequently examined excised lymph nodes from these cases. The differential diagnosis of this entity is discussed and the value of preparing FNA cell blocks and accompanying AFB stain with culture is emphasized.

Original Articles

Epidemiological and Bacteriological Examination on the Cholera of Taegu Area in 1970: Jae Sik Kim, Hae Jin Kim, Jyung Myung Kim; Korean J Cytopathol. 1971;5(1):25-31.

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Abstract PDF: The cholera prevailed at Taegu, Korea in August, 1970 was analysed for the epidemiological and bacteriological determinations from true and suspicious, total 109, cases which were admitted to Kyungpook National University Hospital. The results were as followings: 1. The isolation rate of cholera was 33.0% (36 cases) from stool culture. 2. The incidence on sex and age showed that the female group was more than 2 times higher than the male group and more high in twenties group in the female but thirties in the male group. 3. The consistencies of the feces were rice watery in 7 cases (19.4%), diarrheal in 25 cases (65.5%) and formular in 4 cases (11.1%). 4. The excretion of bacteria in feces was continued to the 5∼6th day in most cases, however there was no case continuing the excretion of bacteria from feces beyond 10th day. 5. All of the true cases were the inhibitants of peripheral area of the city or country near the city. 6. The suspected intermediate as an infectious source was generally likely to be sea fishes, fruits and sea plant etc. in order but it was impossible to determine the primary source of the infection. 7. The isolated organism was serologically Ogawa type and revealed positive indole test, Voges-Proskauer test, cholera red test, hemolytic reaction and hemagglutination test on hen red cells in most strains and were resistant to phage type IV in all strains tested. On the carbohydrate fermentation test, glucose and sucrose were fermented but lactose, mannitol, maltose and arabinose were not fermented in most strains. The sensitivity test to the various antibiotics revealed high sensitivity to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, eythromycin and penbritin but there was a tendency of resistance to tetracyclin is tested strains.

Cytologic Features of Soft Tissue Sarcoma in the Aspiration Biopsy Cytology.: Jin Hee Sohn, Duck Hwan Kim, Kyung Ha Kang, In Sook Kim, Jung Il Suh; Korean J Cytopathol. 1994;5(1):28-34.

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Abstract PDF: Aspiration biopsy cytology is a convenient, easy and non-invasive method for diagnosis of tumors. The results and cytologic features of carcinoma in various organs have been reported frequently, however, those of soft tissue sarcoma are relatively rare to find.

Studies on Rapid Fractionation of Serum Protein by Salting Out Method: Jae Sik Kim, Hae Kyo Hong; Korean J Cytopathol. 1971;5(1):33-37.

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Abstract PDF: A study on rapid fractionation of the serum protein by salting out method rather than expensive electrophoresis was performed with standard normal serum and 100 sera of the normal persons as an evaluation of the usefulness in the screening or replacent of the paper electrophoretic procedure. The results were as followings: 1. The filtration procedure was less time consuming and more simple than surface active agent, span ether, treatment in albumin fractionation. 2. The values obtained from the 100 sera of normal persons were 6.99±0.49gm% in the total protein, 4.13±0.37 gm% in the albumin, 2.86±0.35gm% in the total globulin, 0.95±0.21gm% in the alpha globulin, 0.92±0.29gm% in the beta globulin, 0.99±0.24gm% in the gamma globulin and 1.44±0.25 in the A-G ratio, while the standard normal serum revealed 6.60gm% in the total protein, 3.80gm% in the albumin, 2.80 gm% in the total globulin, 0.80gm% in the alpha globulin, 1.17 gm% in the beta globulin 0.93gm% in the gamma globulin and 1.35 in the A-G ratio. 3. From the above results, it see%ed to be approximated to the values of the paper electrophoresis of another authors.

Case Report

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Poorly Differentiated ""Insular Carcinoma"" of the Thyroid: A Case Report.: Seung Sook Lee, Chang Won Ha, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1994;5(1):35-40.

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Abstract PDF: A case of poorly differentiated "insular" carcinoma of the thyroid is presented and discussed with references to the literature. In fine needle aspiration cytology of our case, the aspirates were highly cellular with tumor cells appearing as dispersed isolated cells as well as in dense clusters and syncytial formations. Occasional microfollicles containing colloid were evident. Most of nuclei were fairly uniform with considerable variability and a few showed definite atypical features. Nuclear grooving was additional features. Necrotic debris was not seen. Our cytologic findings were correlated well with histology, confirming typical insular pattern of tumor cells with the presence of occasional pleomorphic cells and papillary carcinoma-like features. With much attention to cytological features of insular carcinoma, it would be possible to diagnose a preoperative suggestive diagnosis, even though not definitive.

Original Article

Autoradiographic Studies of Early Incorporation of L-Leucine-U-14C into the Lung of Burned Mice: Sang Hak Kang, Young Che Kim; Korean J Cytopathol. 1971;5(1):39-44.

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Abstract PDF: Non-specific pulmonary diseases of the lung new constitute one of the most important medical, social and economic problems of modern civilization. For the causes of non-specific pulmonary diseases it is well documented that the single basic or common property is hypersecretion of branchial mucus. Also it seems to be acceptable that the disturbance of mucus secretion plays a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases. Hu(1966) in our laboratory revealed that injury (stress) induced marked regressive changes of respiratory mucosa and decreased mucus secretion. Sue (1969) confirmed by autoradiographic method that injury affect profoundly the respiratory tract and bring forth regressive changes in the ciliated epithelium, goblet cells and mixed glands, and reduce mucus secretion due to the interference of uptake of 35S (Na₂³⁵SO₄) into the goblet cells. Kim (1966) demonstrated the amounts of RNA of the lung tissues is decreased by injury. Therefore the authors performed the autoradiographic observation of early incorporation of L- leucine-U-l4C into the epithelium both of the main bronchus and bronchioles in both of normal and∼burned mice in order to confirm that injury may affect on protein metabolism of the epithelium of those tissues. The results were as follows: In the burned mice, the incorporation rate of L-leucine-U-l4C into the epithelial cells of the main bronchus decreased, and that of the bronchioles increased and reached its maximum later than those of normal mice.

Case Reports

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of Thyroid Gland from the Colon: Report of A case.: Sook Kim, So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1994;5(1):41-45.

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Abstract PDF: Most common metastatic tumors of the thyroid gland are squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck region, adenocarcinoma of breast and lung, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma of kidney in order of frequency. Metastasis from gastrointestinal tract to the thyroid gland rarely occurs. We experienced a case of fine needle aspiraton cytology of metastatic adenocarcinoma of both thyroid glands from the colon. Cytologic smears showed picket-fence like arrangement of nuclei of carcinoma cells and syncytial type of tissue fragments with acinar pattern on necrotic or mucoid background.

Aspiration Cytology of Insular Carcinoma of Thyroid: A Case Report.: Young Il Yang, Chan Hawn Kim, Shin Kwang Khang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1994;5(1):46-51.

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Abstract PDF: Fine needle aspiration cytologic features of a case of insular carcinoma of the thyroid in a 23-year-old woman who presented a palpable neck mass is described. The aspirate showed cellular smear arranged in trabeculae, solid or loose clusters, and microfollicles in necrotic background. The tumor cells had uniform, small round, hyperchromatic nuclei. The chromatin was finely granular, and nuclear membrane was smooth. Nucleoli were not discernible. Nuclear pleomorphism was minimal. The cytoplasm was usually scanty, pale, poorly outlined, and almostly amphophilic. Sometimes paranuclear cytoplasmic vacuoles were noted. Final diagnosis was confirmed by total thyroidectomy as insular carcinoma.

Original Article

The Early Response of Adrenalectomized Albino Rat Skin to 3, 7-Dimethylbenzanthracene: Dae Young Lee, Young Che Kim; Korean J Cytopathol. 1971;5(1):47-51.

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Abstract PDF: It is a well known fact that the skin of rats, wit& a few exceptions, refractory to polycyclic hydrocarbons. Hwang and Kim (1971) in our laboratory reported that the early skin reactions of amino rats to dimethylbenzanthracene. Reports concerning the chemically induced tumors have been made clear that large number of them by some investigators were shown to be antigenic and it is suggested that the oncogenesis due to chemical carcinogen may be related to immune mechanism. On the other hand adrenalectomy causes marked proliferation of lymphoid tissues, which are main organs concerning to immune mechanism. Therefore the authors tried to observe the response of adrenalectomized albino rat skin to 3, 7-dimethylbenzanthracene. It was confirmed that the skin reactions in the skin of the adrenalectomized rats painted with 3, 7-dimethylbenzanthracene simultaneously, consisted of a marked atrophy of hair follicles, whereas those of the rats pre- or post- painted, a marked proliferation of hair follicles, proliferation and increased rate of mitotic division of epithelial cells of the hair follicles.

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