Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Articles

Clinicopathologic characterization of cervical metastasis from an unknown primary tumor: a multicenter study in Korea: Miseon Lee, Uiree Jo, Joon Seon Song, Youn Soo Lee, Chang Gok Woo, Dong-Hoon Kim, Jung Yeon Kim, Sun Och Yoon, Kyung-Ja Cho; J Pathol Transl Med. 2023;57(3):166-177. Published online May 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2023.04.12

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Background
Research regarding cervical metastasis from an unknown primary tumor (CUP) according to human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status in Korea has been sporadic and small-scale. This study aims to analyze and understand the characteristics of CUP in Korea according to viral and p16 and p53 status through a multicenter study.
Methods
Ninety-five cases of CUP retrieved from six hospitals in Korea between January 2006 and December 2016 were subjected to high-risk HPV detection (DNA in situ hybridization [ISH] or real-time polymerase chain reaction), EBV detection (ISH), and immunohistochemistry for p16 and p53.
Results
CUP was HPV-related in 37 cases (38.9%), EBV-related in five cases (5.3%), and unrelated to HPV or EBV in 46 cases (48.4%). HPV-related CUP cases had the best overall survival (OS) (p = .004). According to the multivariate analysis, virus-unrelated disease (p = .023) and longer smoking duration (p < .005) were prognostic factors for poor OS. Cystic change (p = .016) and basaloid pattern (p < .001) were more frequent in HPV-related cases, and lymphoepithelial lesion was frequent in EBV-related cases (p = .010). There was no significant association between viral status and p53 positivity (p = .341), smoking status (p = .728), or smoking duration (p = .187). Korean data differ from Western data in the absence of an association among HPV, p53 positivity, and smoking history.
Conclusions
Virus-unrelated CUP in Korea had the highest frequency among all CUP cases. HPV-related CUP is similar to HPV-mediated oropharyngeal cancer and EBVrelated CUP is similar to nasopharyngeal cancer in terms of characteristics, respectively.

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Expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to assess the potential of adoptive cell therapy
Sangjoon Choi, Mofazzal Hossain, Hyun Lee, Jina Baek, Hye Seon Park, Chae-Lyul Lim, DoYeon Han, Taehyun Park, Jong Hyeok Kim, Gyungyub Gong, Mi-Na Kweon, Hee Jin Lee
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of primary and secondary breast angiosarcoma: Evi Abada, Hyejeong Jang, Seongho Kim, Rouba Ali-Fehmi, Sudeshna Bandyopadhyay; J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(6):342-353. Published online October 27, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.08.31

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Background
We aimed to study the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) (CD117, c-Myc, and p53) characteristics, and overall survival of primary and secondary breast angiosarcoma (BAS).
Methods
This was a retrospective study of BAS cases diagnosed between 1997 and 2020 at our institution. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were reviewed for tumor morphology, margin status, and lymph node metastasis. CD117, p53, D2-40, CD31, and c-Myc IHC stains were performed on 11 viable tissue blocks. Additional clinical information was obtained from the electronic medical records.
Results
Seventeen patients with BAS were identified. Of these, five (29%) were primary and 12 (71%) were secondary BAS, respectively. The median age at diagnosis for primary BAS was 36 years. The median age at diagnosis for secondary BAS was 67 years. The median time to secondary BAS development following radiotherapy was 6.5 years (range, 2 to 12 years). There was no significant difference between primary and secondary BAS in several histopathologic parameters examined, including histologic grade, necrosis, mitotic count, lymph node metastasis, and positive tumor margins. There was also no difference in CD117, p53, D2-40, CD31, and c-Myc expression by IHC between primary and secondary BAS. During a median followup of 21 months, primary BAS had two (40%) reported deaths and secondary BAS had three (25%) reported deaths. However, this difference in survival between both groups was not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.09 to 3.28; p = .450).
Conclusions
BAS is a rare and aggressive disease. No histologic, IHC (CD117, c-Myc, and p53), or survival differences were identified between primary and secondary BAS in this study.

Citations

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Primary ovarian angiosarcoma: Two case reports and review of literature
Ying Zhou, Yi-Wen Sun, Xiao-Yang Liu, Dan-Hua Shen
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2023; 11(21): 5122. CrossRef

Case Study

Clinically undetected plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder with non-mass-forming metastases in multiple organs: an autopsy case: Yuya Asano, Kosuke Miyai, Shinya Yoshimatsu, Makoto Sasaki, Katsunori Ikewaki, Susumu Matsukuma; J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(4):217-224. Published online May 3, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.03.15

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Abstract PDF

This case report outlines a clinically undetected urinary bladder plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) with multiple metastases detected at autopsy. An 89-year-old man presented with edema in the lower limbs. Pleural fluid cytology revealed discohesive carcinomatous cells, although imaging studies failed to identify the primary site of tumor. The patient died of respiratory failure. Autopsy disclosed a prostate tumor and diffusely thickened urinary bladder and rectum without distinct tumorous lesions. Histologically, the tumor consisted of acinar-type prostate adenocarcinoma with no signs of metastasis. Additionally, small, plasmacytoid tumor cells were observed in the urinary bladder/rectum as isolated or small clustering fashions. These metastasized to the lungs, intestine, generalized lymph nodes in a non-mass-forming manner. Combined with immunohistochemical studies, these tumor cells were diagnosed PUC derived from the urinary bladder. Both clinicians and pathologists should recognize PUC as an aggressive histological variant, which can represent a rapid systemic progression without mass-forming lesions.

Citations

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Carcinomatous Meningitis and Hydrocephalus in Plasmacytoid Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder With Extremely Elevated CA19-9 Levels
Fumiaki Henmi, Kayako Ukai, Atsuhito Nakayama, Yutaka Takazawa, Yoshikazu Uesaka
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the salivary gland: immunohistochemical analysis and comparison with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma: Uiree Jo, Joon Seon Song, Seung-Ho Choi, Soon Yuhl Nam, Sang Yoon Kim, Kyung-Ja Cho; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(6):489-496. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.07.19

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Background
Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the salivary gland is a rare disease, and distinguishing primary SCC from metastatic SCC is difficult. This study investigated the histological and immunohistochemical differences between primary and metastatic salivary gland SCC to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and to explore the pathogenesis of this disease.
Methods
Data of 16 patients who underwent surgery for SCC of salivary glands between 2000 and 2018 at Asan Medical Center were retrieved. Eight patients had a history of SCC at other sites, and eight patients had only salivary gland SCC. Immunostaining for p16, p53, androgen receptor (AR), gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15), and c-erbB2, as well as mucicarmine staining, were compared between the two groups.
Results
Most tumors were located in the center of the salivary glands with extraparenchymal extension. The histology of primary SCC of the salivary gland was consistent with moderately differentiated SCC with extensive desmoplastic reaction and peritumoral inflammation. Involvement of the salivary gland ducts and transition into the ductal epithelium were observed in two cases. Metastatic SCC resembled the primary tumor histologically and was associated with central necrosis. Both groups exhibited negative mucin staining. Two, one, and one primary SCC case exhibited AR, GCDFP-15, and c-erbB2 positivity, respectively.
Conclusions
A subset of primary SCCs originated in salivary ducts or was related to salivary duct carcinoma. Distinguishing primary from metastatic SCC of the salivary gland is difficult using histologic features and immunoprofiles. A comprehensive review of the medical history is essential.

Citations

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Primary salivary gland squamous cell carcinoma with sialolithiasis in the submandibular gland: A case report and literature review
Sawako Ono, Katsutoshi Hirose, Yuji Hirata, Marie Yamada, Satoko Nakamura, Hidetaka Yamamoto
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland and review of the literature
Jingli Zhao, Xinrong Nan, Chuhuan Zhou, Nan Jiang, Liangliang Tian
Journal of Case Reports and Images in Oncology.2024; 10(1): 7. CrossRef
Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma accounts for nearly all squamous cell carcinomas of the parotid gland
Patrick J. Bradley, Göran Stenman, Lester D. R. Thompson, Alena Skálová, Roderick H. W. Simpson, Pieter J. Slootweg, Alessandro Franchi, Nina Zidar, Alfons Nadal, Henrik Hellquist, Michelle D. Williams, Ilmo Leivo, Abbas Agaimy, Alfio Ferlito
Virchows Archiv.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Salivary gland fine needle aspiration: a focus on diagnostic challenges and tips for achieving an accurate diagnosis
Carla Saoud, Hansen Lam, Sandra I. Sanchez, Zahra Maleki
Diagnostic Histopathology.2023; 29(8): 357. CrossRef
Salivary gland pathologies: evolution in classification and association with unique genetic alterations
Michał Żurek, Łukasz Fus, Kazimierz Niemczyk, Anna Rzepakowska
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.2023; 280(11): 4739. CrossRef
A retrospective study of nonneoplastic and neoplastic disorders of the salivary glands
Sorin Vamesu, Oana Andreea Ursica, Ana Maria Gurita, Raluca Ioana Voda, Mariana Deacu, Mariana Aschie, Madalina Bosoteanu, Georgeta Camelia Cozaru, Anca Florentina Mitroi, Cristian Ionut Orasanu
Medicine.2023; 102(42): e35751. CrossRef
Pembrolizumab as a first line therapy in a patient with extensive mucoepidermoid salivary gland carcinoma. A complete clinical, radiological and pathological response. A very specific case
Raed Farhat, Noam Asna, Yaniv Avraham, Ashraf Khater, Majd Asakla, Alaa Safia, Sergio Szvalb, Nidal Elkhatib, Shlomo Merchavy
Discover Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Morphologic CT and MRI features of primary parotid squamous cell carcinoma and its predictive factors for differential diagnosis with mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Xiaohua Ban, Huijun Hu, Yue Li, Lingjie Yang, Yu Wang, Rong Zhang, Chuanmiao Xie, Cuiping Zhou, Xiaohui Duan
Insights into Imaging.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A Rare Case of Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Submandibular Salivary Gland: Brief Overview of Diagnostic Ambiguity and Treatment Challenges
Pawan Hingnikar, Anendd Jadhav, Nitin D Bhola
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia of the Hard Palate: Diagnosis and Treatment
Sangeun Lee, Yun Sung Lim, Kyuho Lee, Bo Hae Kim
Journal of Clinical Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.2022; 33(4): 236. CrossRef
Parotid Salivary Duct Carcinoma With a Prominent Squamous Component: Immunohistochemical Profile, Diagnostic Pitfalls, and Therapeutic Implications
Naomi Hardy, Joshua Thompson, Ranee Mehra, Cinthia B. Drachenberg, Kyle Hatten, John C. Papadimitriou
International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2021; 29(7): 726. CrossRef
Intrasalivary Thymic Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Michał Kunc, Alexandra Kamieniecki, Grzegorz Walczak, Tomasz Nowicki, Bartosz Wasąg, Bogusław Mikaszewski, Dominik Stodulski, Wojciech Biernat
Head and Neck Pathology.2021; 16(3): 857. CrossRef
Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Salivary Glands
Mattis Bertlich, Julia Kitz, Marie Kruizenga, Jennifer Lee Spiegel, Martin Canis, Friedrich Ihler, Frank Haubner, Bernhard G. Weiss, Mark Jakob
Oncology.2021; 99(6): 402. CrossRef

Analysis of PAX8 immunohistochemistry in lung cancers: a meta-analysis: Jae Han Jeong, Nae Yu Kim, Jung-Soo Pyo; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(4):300-309. Published online July 10, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.06.08

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Abstract PDF

Background
In this meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the PAX8 immunohistochemical expressions in primary lung cancers and metastatic cancers to the lung.
Methods
We identified and reviewed relevant articles from the PubMed databases. Ultimately, 18 articles were included in this meta-analysis. PAX8 expression rates were analyzed and compared between primary and metastatic lung cancers.
Results
The PAX8 expression rate in primary lung cancers was 0.042 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.025 to 0.071). PAX8 expression rates of small cell (0.129; 95% CI, 0.022 to 0.496) and non-small cell carcinomas of the lung (0.037; 95% CI, 0.022 to 0.061) were significantly different (p=.049 in a meta-regression test). However, the PAX8 expression rates of adenocarcinoma (0.013; 95% CI, 0.006 to 0.031) and squamous cell carcinoma (0.040; 95% CI, 0.016 to 0.097) were not significantly different. PAX8 expression rates of metastatic carcinomas to the lung varied, ranging from 1.8% to 94.9%. Metastatic carcinomas from the lung to other organs had a PAX8 expression rate of 6.3%. The PAX8 expression rates of metastatic carcinomas from the female genital organs, kidneys, and thyroid gland to the lung were higher than those of other metastatic carcinomas.
Conclusions
Primary lung cancers had a low PAX8 expression rate regardless of tumor subtype. However, the PAX8 expression rates of metastatic carcinomas from the female genital organs, kidneys, and thyroid were significantly higher than those of primary lung cancers.

Citations

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Prognostic value of PAX8 in small cell lung cancer
Fengyun Tao, Hangyan Zhu, Jiayun Xu, Yanan Guo, Xin Wang, Lei Shao, Deng Pan, Guosheng Li, Rong Fang
Heliyon.2024; 10(7): e28251. CrossRef
Cystic primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid
Sakurako Harada‐Kagitani, Yusuke Kouchi, Yoshiki Shinomiya, Takuto Hiramoto, Tomoyuki Arai, Toyoyuki Hanazawa, Kiyotaka Onodera, Kaito Nakama, Takanori Aihara, Masayuki Ota, Jun‐Ichiro Ikeda, Takashi Kishimoto
Pathology International.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Immunocytochemistry of effusions: Processing and commonly used immunomarkers
Vinod B. Shidham, Beata Janikowski
Cytojournal.2022; 19: 6. CrossRef
Significance analysis of PAX8 expression in endometrial carcinoma
Shan Hu, Hua Gan, Fengmei Yang
Medicine.2022; 101(42): e31159. CrossRef

Primary Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Breast: Study of Three Cases at One Institution with a Review of Primary Breast Sarcomas: Junyoung Shin, Hee Jeong Kim, Dae-Yeon Kim, Gyungyub Gong, Kyung-Ja Cho; J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(5):308-316. Published online August 2, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.07.22

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Abstract PDF

Background
Primary breast sarcoma (PBS) is rare, comprising approximately 1% of breast malignancies. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) accounts for an extremely small proportion of PBSs, often leading to delayed histologic confirmation.
Methods
Upon reviewing Asan Medical Center’s pathology database between 2000 and 2018, 41 PBS cases were retrieved, including three cases of primary RMS of the breast. Their clinicopathological features were analyzed, and the literature related to PBS and primary RMS of the breast was reviewed.
Results
We identified three primary breast RMS cases from our institution database, comprising 7.3% of PBS: one case each of spindle cell/sclerosing RMS (ssRMS), alveolar RMS (aRMS), and embryonal RMS (eRMS). All cases involved adolescents or young adults (14, 16, and 25 years, respectively) who underwent mastectomy or radiotherapy and were confirmed using immunohistochemical testing for myogenin, desmin, and myogenic differentiation. The ssRMS patient experienced recurrence at the operation site 4 months post-surgery despite undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The aRMS patient had multiple metastases at diagnosis and showed FAX3-FOXO1 fusion transcripts; she died 22 months after the diagnosis. The eRMS patient had enlarged axillary lymph nodes; post-radiotherapy, the lesion recurred as multiple metastases to the bone and lung. She died 18 months post-diagnosis.
Conclusions
Our experience on RMS cases suggests that spindle cell or small round cell malignancy in breasts of young female should raise suspicion for the possibility of primary or secondary RMS. To our knowledge, this is the second report of primary breast ssRMS and it may help clinicians who encounter this rare disease in the future.

Citations

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Primary breast rhabdomyosarcoma in a 17-year-old girl
Laxmi Singotia, V.S. Haritha
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.2023; 19(7): 2070. CrossRef
High-Grade Spindle Cell Lesions of the Breast
Esther Yoon, Qingqing Ding, Kelly Hunt, Aysegul Sahin
Surgical Pathology Clinics.2022; 15(1): 77. CrossRef
Primary Small Cell Malignancies of the Breast: Are They Rare Malignancies?
Kemal Behzatoğlu, Fernando Schmitt
Acta Cytologica.2022; 66(4): 347. CrossRef
Recurrent malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast: An extremely rare case of recurrence with only rhabdomyosarcoma components
Jia Han, Shuice Liu, Akihoro Shioya, Motona Kumagai, Emi Morioka, Miki Noguchi, Masafumi Inokuchi, Sohsuke Yamada
SAGE Open Medical Case Reports.2022; 10: 2050313X2211166. CrossRef
Primary rhabdomyosarcoma: An extremely rare and aggressive variant of male breast cancer
Cătălin Bogdan Satală, Ioan Jung, Tivadar Jr Bara, Patricia Simu, Iunius Simu, Madalina Vlad, Rita Szodorai, Simona Gurzu
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2020; 8(19): 4466. CrossRef

Case Study

Diffuse Involvement of Primary Colorectal Lymphoma Simulating Ulcerative Colitis: Ji-Ye Kim, Sun Hee Chang, Han Seong Kim, Mee Joo; J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(5):332-336. Published online August 2, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.07.12

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Abstract PDF: Diffuse involvement of colorectal lymphoma masquerading as colitis is a very rare presentation of primary colorectal lymphoma. Detecting occult lymphoma is difficult in the setting of diffuse colonic involvement with no definite mass and inflammatory mucosal changes. We encountered a case of diffuse-type primary colorectal lymphoma simulating ulcerative colitis in a previously healthy 31-year-old woman. Despite multiple mucosal biopsies, the biopsy diagnosis was not made due to unawareness of atypical lymphocytes admixed with dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. The present case emphasizes the importance of being aware of this rare presentation of primary colorectal lymphoma in order to avoid misdiagnosis.

Original Article

Guanabenz Acetate Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress–Related Cell Death in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells: Hyo Jeong Kang, Hyang Sook Seol, Sang Eun Lee, Young-Ah Suh, Jihun Kim, Se Jin Jang, Eunsil Yu; J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(2):94-103. Published online January 16, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.01.14

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Background
Development of chemotherapeutics for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been lagging. Screening of candidate therapeutic agents by using patient-derived preclinical models may facilitate drug discovery for HCC patients.
Methods
Four primary cultured HCC cells from surgically resected tumor tissues and six HCC cell lines were used for high-throughput screening of 252 drugs from the Prestwick Chemical Library. The efficacy and mechanisms of action of the candidate anti-cancer drug were analyzed via cell viability, cell cycle assays, and western blotting.
Results
Guanabenz acetate, which has been used as an antihypertensive drug, was screened as a candidate anti-cancer agent for HCC through a drug sensitivity assay by using the primary cultured HCC cells and HCC cell lines. Guanabenz acetate reduced HCC cell viability through apoptosis and autophagy. This occurred via inhibition of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 34, increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, increased activating transcription factor 4, and cell cycle arrest.
Conclusions
Guanabenz acetate induces endoplasmic reticulum stress–related cell death in HCC and may be repositioned as an anti-cancer therapeutic agent for HCC patients.

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Current trends and future prospects of drug repositioning in gastrointestinal oncology
Nayeralsadat Fatemi, Mina Karimpour, Hoda Bahrami, Mohammad Reza Zali, Vahid Chaleshi, Andrea Riccio, Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad, Mehdi Totonchi
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The integrated stress response in cancer progression: a force for plasticity and resistance
Caleb L. Lines, Morgan J. McGrath, Tanis Dorwart, Crystal S. Conn
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Endoplasmic reticulum stress: Multiple regulatory roles in hepatocellular carcinoma
Jiacheng Wu, Shan Qiao, Yien Xiang, Menying Cui, Xiaoxiao Yao, Ruixin Lin, Xuewen Zhang
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2021; 142: 112005. CrossRef
The two faces of the Integrated Stress Response in cancer progression and therapeutic strategies
Eugenia Licari, Luis Sánchez-del-Campo, Paola Falletta
The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology.2021; 139: 106059. CrossRef
Repurposing of Guanabenz acetate by encapsulation into long-circulating nanopolymersomes for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer
Yusuf A. Haggag, Mohamed Yasser, Murtaza M. Tambuwala, Suleiman S. El Tokhy, Mohammad Isreb, Ahmed A. Donia
International Journal of Pharmaceutics.2021; 600: 120532. CrossRef
Endoplasmic reticulum stress: New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of retinal degenerative diseases
Marina S. Gorbatyuk, Christopher R. Starr, Oleg S. Gorbatyuk
Progress in Retinal and Eye Research.2020; 79: 100860. CrossRef
Delineating the role of eIF2α in retinal degeneration
Christopher R. Starr, Marina S. Gorbatyuk
Cell Death & Disease.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Repositioning of Guanabenz in Conjugation with Gold and Silver Nanoparticles against Pathogenic Amoebae Acanthamoeba castellanii and Naegleria fowleri
Areeba Anwar, Mohammad Ridwane Mungroo, Ayaz Anwar, William J. Sullivan, Naveed Ahmed Khan, Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
ACS Infectious Diseases.2019; 5(12): 2039. CrossRef

Case Studies

WITHDRAWN:Primary Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Breast: A Report of Two Cases and Literature Review: Junyoung Shin, Hee Jeong Kim, Dae-Yeon Kim, Gyungyub Gong, Kyung-Ja Cho; Received August 6, 2018 Accepted September 13, 2018 Published online October 4, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.09.14

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Citations

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Primary Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Breast in an Adult: An Extremely Rare Case
Helen J. Trihia, Natasa Novkovic, Ioannis Provatas, Anastasios Mavrogiorgis, Evangelos Lianos
Case Reports in Pathology.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef

Primary Peripheral Gamma Delta T-Cell Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System: Report of a Case Involving the Intramedullary Spinal Cord and Presenting with Myelopathy: Jeemin Yim, Seung Geun Song, Sehui Kim, Jae Won Choi, Kyu-Chong Lee, Jeong Mo Bae, Yoon Kyung Jeon; J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(1):57-61. Published online October 1, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.08.21

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Abstract PDF

Primary central nervous system lymphoma of T-cell origin (T-PCNSL) is rare, and its clinicopathological features remain unclear. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma of γδ T-cell origin is an aggressive lymphoma mainly involving extranodal sites. Here, we report a case of γδ T-PCNSL involving the intramedullary spinal cord and presenting with paraplegia. A 75-year-old Korean woman visited the hospital complaining of back pain and lower extremity weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multifocal enhancing intramedullary nodular lesions in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord. An enhancing nodular lesion was observed in the periventricular white matter of the lateral ventricle in the brain. There were no other abnormalities in systemic organs or skin. Laminectomy and tumor removal were performed. The tumor consisted of monomorphic, medium-to-large atypical lymphocytes with pale-to-eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were CD3(+), TCRβF1(-), TCRγ(+), CD30(-), CD4(-), CD8(-), CD56(+), TIA1(+), granzyme B(+), and CD103(+). Epstein-Barr virus in situ was negative. This case represents a unique T-PCNSL of γδ T-cell origin involving the spinal cord.

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B-Cell Lymphoma Intramedullary Tumor: Case Report and Systematic Review
Daniel Gregório Gonsalves, Paulo Eduardo Albuquerque Zito Raffa, Gabriela Gerenutti de Sousa, Melissa Esposito Gomes Rigueiral, Iracema Araújo Estevão, Cesar Cozar Pacheco, Roger Thomaz Rotta Medeiros, Paulo Roberto Franceschini, Paulo Henrique Pires de A
Asian Journal of Neurosurgery.2023; 18(02): 231. CrossRef
Primary intramedullary spinal cord lymphoma misdiagnosed as longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis: a case report and literature review
Huizhen Ge, Li Xu, Huajie Gao, Suqiong Ji
BMC Neurology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinicopathologic and Genetic Features of Primary T-cell Lymphomas of the Central Nervous System
Jeemin Yim, Jiwon Koh, Sehui Kim, Seung Geun Song, Jeong Mo Bae, Hongseok Yun, Ji-Youn Sung, Tae Min Kim, Sung-Hye Park, Yoon Kyung Jeon
American Journal of Surgical Pathology.2022; 46(4): 486. CrossRef
Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas Involving the Central Nervous System: A Report From the Czech Lymphoma Study Group Registry
Heidi Mocikova, Robert Pytlík, Katerina Benesova, Andrea Janikova, Juraj Duras, Alice Sykorova, Katerina Steinerova, Vit Prochazka, Vit Campr, David Belada, Marek Trneny
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Review

Current Concepts in Primary Effusion Lymphoma and Other Effusion-Based Lymphomas: Yoonjung Kim, Chan Jeong Park, Jin Roh, Jooryung Huh; Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(2):81-90. Published online April 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.2.81

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Abstract PDF

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a human herpes virus 8 (HHV8)-positive large B-cell neoplasm that presents as an effusion with no detectable tumor in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection or other immune deficiencies. PEL is an aggressive neoplasm with a poor prognosis. PEL cells show diverse morphologies, ranging from immunoblastic or plasmablastic to anaplastic. The immunophenotype of PEL is distinct, but its lineage can be misdiagnosed if not assessed thoroughly. PEL cells usually express CD45, lack B- and T-cell-associated antigens, and characteristically express lymphocyte activation antigens and plasma cell-associated antigens. Diagnosis of PEL often requires the demonstration of a B-cell genotype. HHV8 must be detected in cells to diagnose PEL. In most cases, PEL cells also harbor the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome. Similar conditions associated with HHV8 but not effusion-based are called "extracavitary PELs." PELs should be differentiated from HHV8-negative, EBV-positive, body cavity-based lymphomas in patients with long-standing chronic inflammation; the latter can occur in tuberculous pleuritis, artificial pneumothorax, chronic liver disease and various other conditions. Despite their morphological similarity, these various lymphomas require different therapeutic strategies and have different prognostic implications. Correct diagnosis is essential to manage and predict the outcome of patients with PEL and related disorders.

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H. Witte, A. Künstner, N. Gebauer
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Original Articles

The Usefulness of Cervicovaginal Cytology as a Primary Screening Test.: Jae Hong Park, Seung Yeon Ha, Hyun Yee Cho, Dong Hae Chung, Na Rae Kim, Sanghui Park; Korean J Cytopathol. 2008;19(2):107-110.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3338/kjc.2008.19.2.107

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Abstract PDF

We evaluated the usefulness of cervicovaginal cytology as a primary screening test by analyzing the cytologic and histological diagnoses of 2,254 women. Cervicovaginal cytology had 93.0% sensitivity, 86.1% specificity, 88.2% positive predictive value, and 91.7% of negative predictive value. Cervicovaginal cytology as a primary screening test showed much higher specificity but slightly lower sensitivity than HPV DNA testing. However, the sensitivity of cervicovaginal cytology will be improved continuously due to the development of liquid-based cytology. We regard cervicovaginal cytology as a good primary screening test for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or carcinoma.

Citations

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Working Conditions that Impact the Workload of Cytotechnologists: A Study Calculating the Actual Man Power Required
Soo Il Jee, Yong Ho Ahn, Hwa-Jeong Ha, Jeong Eun Kang, Jun Ho Won
The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2021; 53(2): 174. CrossRef

A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study on Microvascular Changes in the Monocrotaline-induced Rat Lung by Corrosion Casting Method.: Na Hye Myong, Eui Keun Ham; Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(5):644-659.

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Abstract: To investigate the microvascular changes in primary pulmonary hypertension, the lungs of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were treated by an intraperitoneal injection of 2% monocrotaline(MCT) solution and then examined with scanning electron microscopy(SEM) after microvascular corrosion casting. Histologic examination revealed significant medial thickening in the small to medium-sized pulmonary arteries. Scanning electron microscopic findings of the normal lungs showed two kinds of microvascular structures. One showed a well-fortned three-dimensional basket structure of uniform flat-tubular alveolar capillaries, which were connected to each other in a T or Y shape or at right angles. The other revealed a two-dimensional reticular sheet of round tubular branches mainly in the bronchial artery-supplying regions. The MCT-treated groups(remodelling) showed apparent changes in both kinds of microvasculatures in comparison to the normal group but the more prominent change was found in Lbe bronchial artery microvasculature showing the dense thick encasement around large pulmonary arteries. Alveolar microvasculature of the pulmonary artery revealed individually enlarged angular appearance, with generally deformed alveolar architecture. Quantitatively, the significant enlargement of diameter and intercapillary distance appeared in both microvasculatures of MCT-induced rat lungs, but the density was increased only in the bronchial artery microvasculature. In conclusion, our three-dimensional microvascular study of the MCT-treated rat lungs demonstrates a new morphologic finding of vascular remodeling in primary puhnonary hypertension, which is thought to play an important vascular role in the pathogenesis in addition to interstitial fibrosis.

Case Report

Primary Atypical Carcinoid Tumor of Liver: A case report.: Won Ae Lee, Hong Yong Kim, Ill Hyang Ko; Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(6):807-810.

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Abstract PDF: Primary hepatic carcinoid tumors are extremely rare although the liver is a frequent site of metastases from intestinal carcinoids. Recently we investigated a case of primary hepatic atypical carcinoid in a 47-year-old man who had infested with Clonorchis sinensis for 20 years. The resected right lobe of the liver was almost completely occupied by a huge tumor, measuring 20 x 19 x 12 cm. The cut surfaces of the mass were solid, soft and pale yellow, accompanied by several small satellite nodules, measuring up to 1.5 cm in diameter. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of polygonal to columnar cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm forming Lym-numerous small acini and large trabeculae. Their nuclei were round to polygonal with coarse stone chromatin, had obscure to small nucleoli and frequent mitoses. There were multiple necrotic foci of varing sizes. The surrounding dilated bile ducts contained several degenerating worms on in of Clonorchis sinensis. The tumor cells were argyrophil-positive but argentaffin-negative. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin, chromogranin and somatostatin but were negative for CEA, AFP, insulin, glucagon, ACTH, growth hormone and volve-prolactin. Ultrastructually, the tumor cells contained variable-sized numerous electron dense of neurosecretory granules.

Original Article

Immunohistochemical Study of the Expression of the p53 Protein in Primary Lung Cancer.: Sang Yong Lee, Jin Sook Jeong, Sook Hee Hong; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(3):218-227.

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Abstract PDF: An immunohistochemical stain for p53 tumor suppressor gene product was performed in 59 primary lung cancers to study the relation between its expression and type of the tumor, degree of tumor differentiation,clinical stage and smoking. The results were as follows: 1. The expression of mutant p53 protein was noted in 28 of 59 cases(47.5%) of primary lung cancers. The p53 protein was expressed in 21 of 35(60%) squamous cell carcinomas, in 6 of 21(28.6%) adenocarcinomas, and 1 of 1(100%) small cell carcinoma. There was a significant difference in expression of p53 among the different histologic types of lung cancer(p<0.05). 2. The incidence of p53 protein expression did not correlate with the degree of tumor cell differentiation or the clinical stage of lung carcinoma(p>0.05). 3. The incidence of p53 protein expression was higher in smokers(current: 75%, former: 46.2%) than in non-smokers(5.6%) and was increased in direct proportion to the pack years. There was a statistically significant correlation between p53 expression and smoking(p<0.05). The mutation of p53 gene may often be an early event in the development of lung cancer and it is suggested that the smoking known as a risk factor for the development of the lung cancer may be associated with the transformation of p53 tumor suppressor gene into mutant p53 gene or oncogene.

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